Improvement of saponification extraction method for fatty acids separation from geological samples     

Jiang Chang  Yanqing Xia  Suping Ma  Xuan Fang  Minzhuo Sun 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(2):148-155

The conventional saponification method could result in lower recoveries and artificial changes of long-chain fatty acids. The main reason is the error judgment of the intermediate layer suspended between the aqueous and organic layer during the liquid–liquid extraction process. This study shows that the intermediate layer consists of lots of medium- to long-chain carboxylic salts for their special physical and chemical properties. An improved saponification extraction method is also developed and the results show that the carboxylic salts distributed in the intermediate layer could be obtained completely, which greatly enhances the authenticity and accuracy of fatty acid analysis. Additionally, the possible reasons of formation of the intermediate layer are also discussed.  相似文献   

强度折减法在某核电站泵房边坡分析中的应用     

马波  顾生泉  葛鸿辉 《岩土工程技术》2016,(4):193-198

对边坡稳定性分别采用按极限平衡法、有限元强度折减法进行二维分析,通过对比计算结果来验证强度折减法分析的准确性与可行性。针对边坡开挖与加固及隧洞开挖的三维效应,采用三维弹塑性有限元强度折减法分析计算边坡的稳定性,计算分析了开挖完成、支护完成条件下边坡安全系数、位移分布、主应力分布、等效塑性应变区和潜在滑动面。结果表明,支护加固可较大提高边坡的稳定安全系数,三维强度折减法分析在岩土工程领域具有明显优势。  相似文献   

Molybdenum Mass Fractions and Isotopic Compositions of International Geological Reference Materials          下载免费PDF全文

Pei‐Pei Zhao  Jie Li  Le Zhang  Zhi‐Bing Wang  De‐Xin Kong  Jin‐Long Ma  Gang‐Jian Wei  Ji‐Feng Xu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(2):217-226

The double‐spike method with multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was used to measure the Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions of a set of geological reference materials including the mineral molybdenite, seawater, coral, as well as igneous and sedimentary rocks. The long‐term reproducibility of the Mo isotopic measurements, based on two‐year analyses of NIST SRM 3134 reference solutions and seawater samples, was ≤ 0.07‰ (two standard deviations, 2s, n = 167) for δ^98/95Mo. Accuracy was evaluated by analyses of Atlantic seawater, which yielded a mean δ^98/95Mo of 2.03 ± 0.06‰ (2s, n = 30, relative to NIST SRM 3134 = 0‰) and mass fraction of 0.0104 ± 0.0006 μg g^?1 (2s, n = 30), which is indistinguishable from seawater samples taken world‐wide and measured in other laboratories. The comprehensive data set presented in this study serves as a reference for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparison of high‐precision Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions.  相似文献   

Uncertainty analysis of space–time prisms based on the moment-design method     

Yee Leung  Zi Zhao  Jiang-Hong Ma 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(7):1336-1358

Space–time prism (STP) is an important concept for the modeling of object movements in space and time. An STP can be conceptualized as the result of the potential path of a moving object revolving around in the three-dimensional space. Though the concept has found applications in time geography, research on the analysis and propagation of uncertainty in STPs, particularly under high degree of nonlinearity, is scanty. Based on the efficiency and effectiveness of the moment-design (M-D) method, this paper proposes an approach to deal with nonlinear error propagation problems in the potential path areas (PPAs) of STPs and their intersections. Propagation of errors to the PPA and its boundary, and to the intersection of two PPAs is investigated. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated via a series of experimental studies. In comparison with the Monte Carlo method and the implicit function method, simulation results show the advantages of the M-D method in the analysis of error propagation in STPs.  相似文献   

A new assessment model for evacuation vulnerability in urban areas     

Xiaoyi Ma  Ci Song  Chenghu Zhou 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(12):2401-2420

In the high-speed urbanization process of China, the urban population has been increasing significantly, leading to a high-density aggregation of population. However, the sharp increase in population density has not produced commensurate improvements in the road networks. On the contrary, the population increase induced a serious evacuation vulnerability, which cities experience during various hazards and catastrophic events. Therefore, research on evacuation vulnerability is important to urban planning. To assess the evacuation vulnerability, the optimal and worst scenarios should be considered because all possible evacuation plans occur between these extremes. However, most previous evacuation vulnerability studies are based on the worst-case scenario, only providing an upper bound of a potential evacuation assessment. To provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for decision-makers to understand the consequences caused by all possible evacuations, this paper proposes an optimal evacuation vulnerability assessment model that provides the lower bound on potential evacuation difficulties. The model is solved by a stepwise spreading algorithm based on Graph Theory. Subsequently, to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, the study adopts the model to assess the evacuation capability of different road network topologies. A comparison with previous research was performed. The model was demonstrated in an application to the South Luogu Alley of Beijing, China. The significance of this paper is that the combination of our model with previous research may provide a more complete theoretical basis for an evacuation vulnerability assessment.  相似文献   

Enhancement of a hypoplastic model for granular soil–structure interface behaviour     

H. Stutz  D. Mašín  F. Wuttke 《Acta Geotechnica》2016,11(6):1249-1261

Modelling of interfaces in geotechnical engineering is an important issue. Interfaces between structural elements (e.g., anchors, piles, tunnel linings) and soils are widely used in geotechnical engineering. The objective of this article is to propose an enhanced hypoplastic interface model that incorporates the in-plane stresses at the interface. To this aim, we develop a general approach to convert the existing hypoplastic model with a predefined limit state surface for sands into an interface model. This is achieved by adopting reduced stress and stretching vectors and redefining tensorial operations which can be used in the existing continuum model with few modifications. The enhanced interface model and the previous model are compared under constant-load, stiffness and volume conditions. The comparison is followed by a verification of two the approaches for modelling the different surface roughness. Subsequently, a validation between available experimental data from the literature versus simulations is presented. The new enhanced model gives improved predictions by the incorporation of in-plane stresses into the model formulation.  相似文献   

Soil and water conservation in mining area based on ground surface subsidence control: development of a high-water swelling material and its application in backfilling mining     

Ailong Wang  Liqiang Ma  Zhongwei Wang  Dongsheng Zhang  Ke Li  Yao Zhang  Xingjun Yi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(9):779

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Aeolian sand transport above three desert surfaces in northern China with different characteristics (shifting sand,straw checkerboard,and gravel): field observations     

Ping Lü  Zhibao Dong  Xiaoming Ma 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(7):577

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Investigation of the adsorption/desorption equilibria of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions on/from immobilized digested sludge using biosurfactants     

Urszula Filipkowska  Małgorzata Kuczajowska-Zadrożna 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(9):814

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Pressure transient analysis of multistage fracturing horizontal wells with finite fracture conductivity in shale gas reservoirs     

Yu Dai  Xinhua Ma  Ailin Jia  Dongbo He  Yunsheng Wei  Cong Xiao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(11):940

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