Terrain data compression using wavelet-tiled pyramids for online 3D terrain visualization     

Ricardo Olanda  Mariano Pérez  Juan Manuel Orduña  Silvia Rueda 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(2):407-425

Last years have witnessed the widespread use of online terrain visualization applications. However, the significant improvements achieved in sensing technologies have allowed an increasing size of the terrain databases. These increasing sizes represent a serious drawback when terrain data must be transmitted and rendered at interactive rates. In this paper, we propose a novel wavelet-tiled pyramid for compressing terrain data that replaces the traditional multiresolution pyramid usually used in wavelet compression schemes. The new wavelet-tiled pyramid modifies the wavelet analysis and synthesis processes, allowing an efficient transmission and reconstruction of terrain data in those applications based on multiresolution tiled pyramids. A comparative performance evaluation with the currently existing techniques shows that the proposed scheme obtains a better compression ratio of the terrain data, reducing the storage space and transmission bandwidth required, and achieving a better visual quality of the virtual terrain reconstructed after data decompression.  相似文献   

运用生物地理学理论与遥感影像寻找本·拉登     

Thomas W. Gillespie  John A. Agnew  Erika Mariano  Scott Mossler  Nolan Jones  MattBraughton  Jorge Gonzalez 《遥感学报》2011,15(4):869-874

本·拉登到底在哪里？这是我们这个时代最重要的政治问题之一。在这篇文章中,我们依据反映生物分布和灭绝规律的生物地理学理论(距离衰减理论、岛屿生物地理理论、本·拉登个人数据),结合遥感数据(陆地卫星 ETM+、航天雷达地形测图、QuickBird),从全球、区域、局部三个空间尺度分析并最终指出本·拉登当前最可能的所在地。这是第一次运用科学手段来确定本·拉登居所。该方法具有可重复性：一旦美国情报部门提供新的信息,便可通过该方法重新定位本·拉登当前最有可能的藏身场所。  相似文献   

Field observations from the Aquila, Italy earthquake of April 6, 2009   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

T. Rossetto  N. Peiris  J. E. Alarcon  E. So  S. Sargeant  M. Free  V. Sword-Daniels  D. Del Re  C. Libberton  E. Verrucci  P. Sammonds  J. Faure Walker 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(1):11-37

On April 6, 2009 an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 (M_w) struck the Abbruzzo region of Italy causing widespread damage to buildings in the city of L??Aquila and surrounding areas. This paper summarizes field observations made by the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) after the event. The paper presents an overview of seismological and geotechnical aspects of the earthquake as well as a summary of the observed damage to buildings and infrastructure. A brief overview of the earthquake casualties is also reported.  相似文献   

Isolated and mildly interacting spiral galaxies: Rotation curves and metallicities     

Isabel Márquez  Josefa Masegosa  Mariano Moles  Jesús Varela  Daniella Bettoni  Giusseppe Galletta 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):711-714

We present the study of long slit spectra in the region ofHα emission line of a sample of 111 spiral galaxies with recognizable and well defined spiral morphology and with a well determined environmental status, ranging from isolation to non-disruptive interaction with satellites or companions. The form and properties of the rotation curves (RC) are considered as a function of the isolation degree, morphological type, t, and luminosity. The line ratios are used to estimate the metallicity of all the detected HII regions, thus producing a composite metallicity profile for different types of spirals. We have found that isolated galaxies (ISO) tend to be of later types and lower luminosity than the interacting galaxies (INT). The outer parts of the RC of ISO tend to be flatter than in INT, but they show similar relations between global parameters. The scatter of the Tully-Fisher (TF) relation defined by ISO is significantly lower than that of INT. The [NII]/Hα ratios, used as a metallicity indicator, show a clear trend between Z and t, with earlier spirals showing higher ratios; this trend is tighter when instead of t the gradient of the inner RC, G, is used; no trend is found with the change in interaction status. The Z-gradient of the disks depends on the type, being almost flat for early spirals, and increasing for later types. The [NII]/Hα ratios measured for disk HII regions of INT are higher than for normal/ISO objects, even if all the galaxy families present similar distributions of Hα Equivalent Width. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A detailed study of the 5-Hz quasi-periodic oscillations in the bright X-ray transient and black hole candidate GRS 1739–278     

Rudy Wijnands †  Mariano Méndez  Jon M. Miller  Jeroen Homan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(2):451-460

We present a detailed study of the 5-Hz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) recently discovered in the bright X-ray transient and black hole candidate (BHC) GRS     (Borozdin & Trudolyubov) during a Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observation taken on 1996 March 31. In total 6.6 ksec of on-source data were obtained, divided in two data sets of 3.4 and 3.2 ksec which were separated by ∼2.6 ksec. The 5-Hz QPO was only present during the second data set. The QPO increased in strength from below 2 per cent rms amplitude for photon energies below 4 keV to ∼5 per cent rms amplitude for energies above 10 keV. The soft QPO photons (below 5 keV) lagged the hard ones (above 10 keV) by almost 1.5 rad. Besides the QPO fundamental, its first overtone was detected. The strength of the overtone increased with photon energy (from < 2 per cent rms below 5 keV to ∼8 per cent rms above 10 keV). Although limited statistics did not allow for an accurate determination of the lags of the first overtone, indications are that also for this QPO the soft photons lagged the hard ones. When the 5-Hz QPO was not detected (i.e., during the first part of the observation), a broad noise component was found for photon energies below 10 keV but it became almost a true QPO (with a Q value of ∼1.9) above that energy, with a frequency of ∼3 Hz. Its hard photons preceded the soft ones in a way reminiscent of the 5-Hz QPO, strongly suggesting that both features are physically related. We discuss our finding in the framework of low-frequency QPOs and their properties in BHCs.  相似文献   

Very high-frequency radar mapping of surface currents     

Shay  L.K. Cook  T.M. Peters  H. Mariano  A.J. Weisberg  R. An  P.E. Soloviev  A. Luther  M. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2002,27(2):155-169

An ocean surface current radar (OSCR) in the very high frequency (VHF) mode was deployed in South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) during the summer of 1999. During this period, a 29-d continuous time series of vector surface currents was acquired starting on 9 July 1999 and ending 7 August 1999. Over a 20-min sample interval, the VHF radar mapped coastal ocean currents over a 7.5 km × 8 km domain with a horizontal resolution of 250 m at 700 grid points. A total of 2078 snapshots of the two-dimensional current vectors were acquired during this time series and of these samples, only 69 samples (3.3%) were missing from the time series. During this period, complex surface circulation patterns were observed that included coherent, submesoscale vortices with diameters of 2 to 3 km inshore of the Florida Current. Comparisons to subsurface measurements from moored and ship-board acoustic Doppler current profiles revealed regression slopes of close to unity with biases ranging from 4 to 8 cm s^-1 between surface and subsurface measurements at 3 to 4 m beneath the surface. Correlation coefficients were 0.8 or above with phases of - 10 to - 20° suggestive of an anticyclonic veering of current with depth relative to the surface current. The radar-derived surface current field provided spatial context for an observational network using mooring-, ship- and autonomous underwater vehicle-sensor packages that were deployed at the SFOMC  相似文献   

Structure and chemistry of (111) twin boundaries in MgAl<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> spinel crystals from Mogok     

Nina Daneu  Aleksander Rečnik  Takashi Yamazaki  Tadej Dolenec 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(4):233-247

The atomic scale structure and chemistry of (111) twins in MgAl₂O₄ spinel crystals from the Pinpyit locality near Mogok (Myanmar, formerly Burma) were analysed using complementary methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To obtain a three-dimensional information on the atomic structure, the twin boundaries were investigated in crystallographic projections and Using conventional electron diffraction and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis we have shown that (111) twins in spinel can be crystallographically described by 180° rotation of the oxygen sublattice normal to the twin composition plane. This operation generates a local hcp stacking in otherwise ccp lattice and maintains a regular sequence of kagome and mixed layers. In addition to rotation, no other translations are present in (111) twins in these spinel crystals. Chemical analysis of the twin boundary was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) using a variable beam diameter (VBD) technique, which is perfectly suited for analysing chemical composition of twin boundaries on a sub-nm scale. The VBD/EDS measurements indicated that (111) twin boundary in spinel is Mg-deficient. Quantitative analyses of HRTEM (phase contrast) and HAADF-STEM (Z-contrast) images of (111) twin boundary have confirmed that Mg²⁺ ions are replaced with Be²⁺ ions in boundary tetrahedral sites. The Be-rich twin boundary structure is closely related to BeAl₂O₄ (chrysoberyl) and BeMg₃Al₈O₁₆ (taaffeite) group of intermediate polysomatic minerals. Based on these results, we conclude that the formation of (111) twins in spinel is a preparatory stage of polytype/polysome formation (taaffeite) and is a result of thermodynamically favourable formation of hcp stacking due to Be incorporation on the {111} planes of the spinel structure in the nucleation stage of crystal growth. The twin structure grows as long as the surrounding geochemical conditions allow its formation. The incorporation of Be induces a 2D-anisotropy and exaggerated growth of the crystal along the (111) twin boundary.  相似文献   

Rock Glaciers in the Patagonian Andes: An Inventory for the Monte San Lorenzo (Cerro Cochrane) Massif, 47° S          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel Falaschi  Takeo Tadono  Mariano Masiokas 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(4):769-777

Although rock glaciers in the Central and Desert Andes of Argentina and Chile have been previously studied in detail, much less attention has been paid to the occurrence of these permafrost forms in Patagonia. Recently, however, the establishment of the Argentinean Glacier Inventory program, which intends to inventory and monitor all ice masses along the Argentinean Andes, has started a large amount of new geocryological research. The project is designed to provide reliable and worldwide comparable results, supported by well established technical procedures and background information. Presented here is the first rock glacier inventory of the Monte San Lorenzo (Cerro Cochrane) region in the southern Patagonian Andes. A total of 130 intact (9.86 km²) and 47 fossil (1.45 km²) landforms were inventoried using two 2.5 m resolution ALOS Panchromatic Remote‐sensing Instruments for Stereo Mapping images. Since the Argentinean federal initiative described above legally protects all rock glaciers in the country as water reserves, and due to the little scientific knowledge concerning rock glaciers in the vast majority of the Patagonian Andes, this inventory provides an important basis for political decision‐making and opens further geocryological research avenues for the Patagonian region in general.  相似文献   

特提斯喜马拉雅带中段桑秀组玄武岩的地球化学和岩石成因   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

朱弟成  潘桂棠  莫宣学  廖忠礼  江新胜  王立全  赵志丹 《地球化学》2005,34(1):7-19

桑秀组玄武岩仅仅分布在特提斯喜马拉雅带中段东部,古地理属大印度北缘.分别采用 XRF、 ICP MS和全岩同位素稀释法对这些玄武岩的主元素、微量元素和 Sr Nd同位素进行了系统分析,并用来推论其成因.结果显示,桑秀组玄武岩除了 MgO含量和相容元素含量较低表明其为演化岩浆以外,其高 TiO2、 TFeO和 P2O5含量 (分别平均为 3.46%、 10.90%和 0.51% )、轻重稀土明显分馏 [(La/Yb)N=8.4～ 10.2]、 Ti/V、 Ti/Y和 Zr/Y比值高以及富集 Ba和 Th等不相容元素和高场强元素等特征与洋岛玄武岩 (OIB)相似;桑秀组玄武岩高 Sr [(87Sr/86Sr)t=0.707 370～ 0.709 904]和较低ε Nd(t)(=- 1.71～ 2.00)同位素组成以及微量元素地球化学指标等又显示了岩石圈地幔物质的印记;微量元素特征显示桑秀组玄武岩为大陆边缘裂谷背景下的碱性玄武岩,在源区物质低度部分熔融过程中不断有橄榄石等铁镁矿物的分离结晶,没有遭受地壳混染;桑秀组玄武岩的地球化学特征和同位素组成可与印度东缘的 Rajmahal玄武岩、印度洋 90° E海岭玄武岩和 Kerguelen OIB对比,提出桑秀组玄武岩可能是岩石圈地幔与地幔热柱或热点物质相互作用的产物,这种地幔热柱或热点可能与 Kerguelen热点的早期活动有联系.  相似文献   

Late Holocene palaeoenvironments of the Nutria Mansa 1 archaeological site,Argentina     

Mariano Bonomo  Alejandro Fabián Zucol  Beatriz Gutiérrez Téllez  Andrea Coradeghini  María Susana Vigna 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(2):273-296

This paper presents results of interdisciplinary palaeoenvironmental research carried out on a sediment sequence from the Nutria Mansa 1 archaeological site. This late Holocene site is located in the Pampean plains, Argentina. Siliceous microfossils were recorded (i.e. phytoliths, diatoms, chrysophytes, sponges) and micro-charcoal was analyzed. In addition, fauna identified at the site were correlated with regional palaeoclimatic evidence. Based on the microfossil associations, we concluded that the human occupations occurred beside a fluvial and brackish-freshwater lacustrine setting. Grass communities were located on its margins that developed under a warm temperate climate with evidence for dryness and marked seasonality in part of the record. Although some stratigraphic and faunal evidence indicates a possible temperature increase, these fluctuations were not sufficient to extirpate mammals of arid and cold environments.  相似文献