Prevalence and distribution of fecal indicator organisms in South Florida beach sand and preliminary assessment of health effects associated with beach sand exposure   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Bonilla TD  Nowosielski K  Cuvelier M  Hartz A  Green M  Esiobu N  McCorquodale DS  Fleisher JM  Rogerson A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(9):1472-1482

Fecal indicator levels in nearshore waters of South Florida are routinely monitored to assess microbial contamination at recreational beaches. However, samples of sand from the surf zone and upper beach are not monitored which is surprising since sand may accumulate and harbor fecal-derived organisms. This study examined the prevalence of fecal indicator organisms in tidally-affected beach sand and in upper beach sand and compared these counts to levels in the water. Since indicator organisms were statistically elevated in sand relative to water, the study also considered the potential health risks associated with beach use and exposure to sand. Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, somatic coliphages, and F(+)-specific coliphages were enumerated from sand and water at three South Florida beaches (Ft. Lauderdale Beach, Hollywood Beach, and Hobie Beach) over a 2-year period. Bacteria were consistently more concentrated in 100g samples of beach sand (2-23 fold in wet sand and 30-460 fold in dry sand) compared to 100ml samples of water. Somatic coliphages were commonly recovered from both sand and water while F(+)-specific coliphages were less commonly detected. Seeding experiments revealed that a single specimen of gull feces significantly influenced enterococci levels in some 3.1m(2) of beach sand. Examination of beach sand on a micro-spatial scale demonstrated that the variation in enterococci density over short distances was considerable. Results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the physical and chemical parameters monitored in this study could only minimally account for the variation observed in indicator densities. A pilot epidemiological study was conducted to examine whether the length of exposure to beach water and sand could be correlated with health risk. Logistic regression analysis results provided preliminary evidence that time spent in the wet sand and time spent in the water were associated with a dose-dependent increase in gastrointestinal illness.  相似文献   

International viewpoint and news     

Anne Marie de Grosbois 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(4):883-884

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Stellar Population Analysis of Galaxies based on Genetic Algorithms     

Abdel-Fattah Attia  H. A. Ismail  I. M. Selim  A. M. Osman  I. A. Isaa  M. A. Marie  A. A. Shaker 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(4):347-355

We present a new method for determining the age and relative contribution of different stellar populations in galaxies based on the genetic algorithm. We apply this method to the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3384, using CCD images in U, B, V, R and I bands. This analysis indicates that the galaxy NGC 3384 is mainly inhabited by old stellar population (age >109yr). Some problems were encountered when numerical simulations are used for determining the contribution of different stellar populations in the integrated color of a galaxy. The results show that the proposed genetic algorithm can search efficiently through the very large space of the possible ages.  相似文献   

Petroleum geoscience in Norden - exploration, production and organization     

Anthony M. Spencer Per Ivar Briskeby Lone Dyrmose Christensen Rune Foyn Marie KjФlleberg Erling Kvadsheim Ian Knight Morten Rye-Larsen John Williams 《《幕》》2008,31(1):115-124

Offshore exploration in Norway and Denmark-in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea-has involved drilling about 850 wildcat wells, resulting in about 300 oil and gas finds, of which 84 are fields with production. The recoverable resources of all these finds total about 65 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Almost all these hydrocarbons come from a Jurassic source and the main reservoirs and traps are Jurassic sandstones in fault blocks and Paleocene sandstones or Cretaceous chalks in gentle domes. The article describes four major fields-Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Ormen Lange and SnФhvitto illustrate some of the many challenges in developing and producing the hydrocarbons.
Elsewhere in Norden, there has been much less exploration. Drilling results have mostly been negative in mainland Sweden, onshore Denmark, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. Minor oil finds have been made in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland.
As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denmark, petroleum geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently employed in the industry, many technical innovations made, a wealth of publically available information and a great increase in the understanding of the geology.  相似文献   

[Without Title]     

Anne Marie de Grosbosis 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(7):973-977

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Flood hazard assessment in the Kujukuri Plain of Chiba Prefecture,Japan, based on GIS and multicriteria decision analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Huali Chen  Yuka Ito  Marie Sawamukai  Tomochika Tokunaga 《Natural Hazards》2015,78(1):105-120

A simple flood hazard assessment based on GIS and multicriteria decision analysis was presented, and the sensitivity analysis was applied to evaluate the uncertainty of input factors. The location chosen for the study is the Kujukuri Plain, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The model incorporates six factors: river system, elevation, depression area, ratio of impermeable area, detention ponds, and precipitation. A hazard map for the year 2004, as an example, was obtained. The method of analytic hierarchy process was applied to calculate the weighting values of each factor. The hazard map was compared with the actual flood area, and good coincidence was found between them. The relative importance and uncertainty of the six input factors and weights were evaluated by using the global sensitivity analysis, i.e., extended FAST method, and the results showed a robust behavior of the model. The flood hazard assessment method presented here is meaningful for the flood management and environment protection in the area under the similar condition as this study.  相似文献   

Characterization of karst systems using SIc-Pco2 method coupled with PCA and frequency distribution analysis. Application to karst systems in the Vaucluse county (Southeastern France)     

S. Minvielle  R. Lastennet  A. Denis  N. Peyraube 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2015,74(12):7593-7604

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[Without Title]     

Anne Marie de Grosbois 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(6):935-939

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Reviews     

Daniel F. Merriam  R. A. Reyment  John W. Harbaugh  Eric C. Dahlberg  Marie Morisawa 《Mathematical Geology》1975,7(5-6):485-492

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Clairaut's theory - integral form in terms of Hansen-Tisserand polynomials     

M. Marie  M. B. El-Shaarawy 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1993,61(1):47-56

The fourth-order integral form of Clairaut theory have been derived in terms of Hansen-Tisserand (H-T) polynomials.  相似文献