Sustainable Utilisation of Fisheries as Governmentality: Constraining the Potential for Ecosystems‐Based Management?     

Edwin Massey  Eugene Rees 《New Zealand geographer》2004,60(1):25-35

This paper examines the constitution of ‘sustainable management’ within the context of the New Zealand marine environment. Firstly this paper examines the difference between ‘sustainable ecosystems’ and ‘sustainable utilisation’. The distinction is important if we are to make sense of the different ways in which various stakeholders (fishers, fisheries companies, scientists, fisheries managers and environmental groups) use ‘sustainability’ in the management of New Zealand's marine environment. We then examine how contestation results in sustainable management becoming a governmentality. We propose that such contestation transforms stakeholders into subjects whose everyday practices and relationships are influenced by seemingly incommensurable understandings of the lexicon that surrounds sustainable management. We conclude try considering how the potential revelation of new unknowns may be needed in order for disparate stakeholders to forge a unified approach to New Zealand's marine management.  相似文献   

D/H ratios in speleothem fluid inclusions: A guide to variations in the isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation?     

Russell S. Harmon  Henry P. Schwarcz  James R. O&#x;Neil 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,42(2):254-266

D/H ratios of fluid inclusion waters extracted from²³⁰Th/²³⁴U-dated speleothems that were originally deposited under conditions of isotopic equilibrium should provide a direct estimate of the hydrogen isotopic composition of ancient meteoric waters. We present here D/H ratios for 47 fluid inclusion samples from thirteen speleothems deposited over the past 250,000 years at cave sites in Iowa, West Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri. At each site glacial-age waters are depleted in deuterium relative to those of interglacial age. The average interglacial/glacial shift in the hydrogen isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation over ice-free areas of east-central North America is estimated to be ?12‰. This shift is consistent with the present climatic models and can be explained in terms of the prevailing pattern of atmospheric circulation and an increased ocean-continent temperature gradient during glacial times which more than compensated for the increase in deuterium content of the world ocean.  相似文献   

Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of the Mio-Pliocene mammal-bearing Big Sandy Formation of western Arizona     

Bruce J. Macfadden  Noye M. Johnson  Neil D. Opdyke 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,44(3):349-364

The Big Sandy Formation in western Arizona consists of up to 65 m of clays, silts, sands and volcanic ashes that were deposited in a lacustrine paleoenvironment. Three paleomagnetic samples were collected from each of 54 sites spaced at stratigraphic intervals of no more than 5 m. After laboratory studies of pilot samples to determine their paleomagnetic characteristics, all other samples were measured for their NRM and then demagnetized in alternating fields of 150 Oe. After statistical filtering and a hierarchical site classification, 48 sites were used to interpret the magnetic polarity zonation.Vertebrate fossils from the Big Sandy Formation are collectively termed the Wikieup Local Fauna, and indicate a late Hemphillian Land Mammal “Age”. Three fission-track (zircon) dates from the Big Sandy Formation yielded a mean age of 5.5 ± 0.2 m.y. B.P. Using these radiometric data to calibrate the magnetic polarity zonation, it appears that the Big Sandy Formation spans late Epoch 6 to early Gilbert time (late Miocene to early Pliocene). The Wikieup Local Fauna is compared to two other roughly contemporaneous mammalian assemblages from New Mexico and Texas. Faunal differences previously thought to represent a very late Hemphillian age for the Wikieup Local Fauna are apparently related to ecogeographic variation and not time.  相似文献   

The development of slaty cleavage, fleurieu peninsula, south australia     

Neil S. Mancktelow 《Tectonophysics》1979,58(1-2)

In low grade, biotite-rich metasiltstones and slates from the western side of Fleurieu Peninsula, the slaty cleavage is defined by elongate deformed old biotites and by the coincident elongate dimensions and (001) planes of thin, well aligned new biotites. Histograms of frequency versus (001)-S₁ angle (S₁ defined by aligned thin muscovite used as the reference plane) were determined in thin section for both populations. The old biotites show a symmetrical bimodal distribution of (001) about S₁, with maxima at around 20° either side ofS₁. This distribution, together with the preserved intracrystalline strain, indicates that these old grains deformed largely by slip on (001) with some modification of grain boundaries by diffusive transfer. The new biotite grains are very well aligned (standard deviation 3.8°) and show no sign of mechanical deformation. They have not been mechanically rotated into alignment but must have nucleated and grown in a specific orientation. The proportion of new to old grains increases with metamorphic grade, causing a rapid strengthening of the crystallographic alignment. In slates and phyllites with similar microstructure, the mica fabric determined by X-ray texture goniometry cannot be used as a quantitative measure of the geometry and magnitude of the bulk strain, as the intensity of the crystallographic fabric will be strongly influenced by the proportion of new mica, which is itself greatly affected by the metamorphic grade during slaty cleavage formation.  相似文献   

Tidal triggering of deep moonquakes     

Neil R. Goulty 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,19(1):52-58

Matching signals have previously been identified from about eighty repeating deep moonquake sources. These moonquakes clearly display tidal periodicities in their histories of origin times and signal amplitudes; they are presumably triggered by the solid-body tide in the moon, raised primarily by the earth. The A1 hypocentre has been the most active and has also produced seismograms with signals of reversed polarity. In an attempt to deduce focal mechanisms for these events, we calculated various tidal stress functions at the Al hypocentre using a homogeneous moon model, and correlated them with the origin times of events. No good correlation was found, either for tidal stress peaks of consistent polarity, or for tidal stress peaks of opposite polarity at the times of “inverted” events. This could be due to an inaccurate moon model, but it has also been noted that the relative amplitudes of signals recorded at different seismic stations vary between events from the same hypocentre. Earthquake swarms often contain events with fault-plane solutions in very different orientations. A similar variation between events from each deep moonquake hypocentre would explain the different amplitude ratios and also the “inverted” events.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary palaeohydrology of the Konya Basin, Turkey, based on isotope studies of modern hydrology and lacustrine carbonates     

Melanie J. Leng  Neil Roberts  Jane M. Reed  Hilary J. Sloane 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,22(2):187-204

The Konya plain in south central Anatolia, Turkey, which is now largely dry, was occupied around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum by a fresh-oligosaline lake covering more than 4000 km². Sediment cores from three residual water bodies (Pinarbai, Akgöl and Süleymanhaci) within the larger Pleistocene lake basin, have been analysed using a multidisciplinary approach. The sediment sequences are dated as spanning the last 50 Ka years, although breaks in sedimentation mean that there is only partial chronological overlap between them. Carbon and oxygen isotope analyses on lacustrine carbonate from the three cores give contrasting isotope profiles which reflect the different ages and independent hydrological behaviour of different sub-basins through the late Quaternary. Distinguishing changes that are regional from local effects is aided by modern isotope hydrology studies and by comparing the carbonate ¹³C and ¹⁸O values to diatom and other analyses undertaken on the same cores.  相似文献   

Ground-Water and Surface-Water Relationships in the Glacial Province of Northern Wisconsin—Snake Lake     

Neil G. Jaquet 《Ground water》1976,14(4):194-199

  相似文献   

Quantitative evaluation of crosshole seismic reflection images using physical model data1     

Peter S. Rowbotharn  Neil R. Goulty 《Geophysical Prospecting》1995,43(4):529-540

Physical models give us a known geometry with which to compare our processed reflection images and therefore our imaging techniques. We show how this comparison may be quantified in order to evaluate processed images properly. A crosshole data set was acquired through a model interrogated at ultrasonic frequencies using Durham University's physical modelling system. Various reflectivity images were obtained using processing sequences which include deconvolution, wavefield separation and migration. An error-energy scheme was used to assess the quality of these images, by comparing them against a best-fit depth model. A synthetic data set was also used to evaluate the imaging capability of the crosshole geometry and the effectiveness of the different processing schemes.  相似文献   

The Q-gram method: Q from instantaneous phase     

Peter D. Bromirski  L. Neil Frazer  Fred K. Duennebier 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,120(1):73-86

  相似文献   

Surface measurements of carbon dioxide and methane at Alert during an Arctic haze event in April, 1986     

Neil B. A. Trivett  Douglas E. J. Worthy  Kenneth A. Brice 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):383-397

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) has been measured at Alert by grab flask sampling since 1975 as part of the World Meteorological Organization's Background Air Pollution Monitoring Program. Deviations of CO₂ concentration from the mean annual cycle have previously been attributed to air masses arriving at Alert from the source regions of the industrialized parts of Europe and the Soviet Union. In situ measurements of ambient CO₂ and methane (CH₄) were made at Alert using an automated gas chromatograph, as part of the Arctic Haze Study during April 1986. The temporal behaviour of CO₂ and CH₄ during this period was found to be highly correlated with measurements of particulate sulphate and other atmospheric trace species of anthropogenic origin. Examination of calculated air mass back-trajectories provided further evidence that the observed short-term increases in CO₂ and CH₄ mixing ratios were due to long-range transport from anthropogenic source regions.  相似文献