Stress distribution characteristic analysis and control of coal and gas outburst disaster in a pressure-relief boundary area in protective layer mining     

Zhen Liu  He Yang  Weimin Cheng  Lin Xin  Guanhua Ni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(16):358

Coal and gas outburst disasters in coal seams are becoming more serious as coal mines extend deeper underground in China. Furthermore, the protective coal seam mining technology featured by economic efficiency has been proven to be the most effective and widely applied method for the prevention of coal and gas outburst disasters. However, the determinations of the protective area coal and gas outburst prevention in a pressure-relief boundary area are fundamental issues that research should be focused on. The technical method for determining stress distribution in pressure-relief boundary area during protective coal seam mining is put forward in this paper. The method is based on a stress-seepage coupled relationship within a gas-containing coal seam. The method includes complex lab experiments and on-site measurements at the Qingdong Coal Mine. The final data illustrate that the permeability and vertical stress in the pressure-relief boundary area of the coal sample form a negative exponential function relationship. Additionally, the permeability of the coal sample within the abovementioned area is significantly different compared with that located at the center of the pressure-relief area. In the pressure-relief boundary area, the gas pressure distribution gradient is 0.0375 MPa/m, while the vertical stress distribution gradient registers 0.56 MPa/m. Under this condition, coal and gas outburst disasters are prone to be triggered. Therefore, effective precautions against coal and gas outburst disasters can be put forward in accordance with stress distribution characteristics within the abovementioned “boundary area.”  相似文献   

陕西省能源消费结构、产业结构演变对碳排放强度的冲击影响分析     

朱妮  张艳芳 《干旱区地理》2015,38(4):843-850

基于陕西省1989-2011年能源消费等统计数据,分析能源消费结构、产业结构的演变特征,建立陕西省能源消费结构-产业结构-碳排放强度系统的VAR模型,对该系统的长期和短期动态关系进行实证分析。结果表明:陕西省的发展模式,是能源消费结构长期以高碳能源为主和产业结构长期以高碳产业为主导。能源消费结构与产业结构的变化对陕西省碳排放强度的减小作用初期微弱;从中长期来,两个结构多元化提高的负效应对碳排放强度的增加有长期持久的抑制作用,且能源消费结构演进对碳排放强度的冲击效果始终大于产业结构变化的冲击效果。优化产业结构和调整能源消费结构尤其是提高低碳产业与低碳能源比重是驱动陕西省碳排放强度下降的有效措施。  相似文献   

2011年11月6日美国俄克拉何马5.6级地震震源参数测定及成因初步研究     

汪小厉  倪四道  陈伟文  吴为治 《中国地震》2015,31(2):308-318

2011年11月6日3时,美国俄克拉何马州发生了5.6级地震。此次地震是该地区100多年以来的最大地震,因该区地震活动性低,故需要对此次地震成因开展研究。本文采用CAP(Cut And Paste)方法对该地震分别进行近震、远震以及近远震联合反演,得到了震源机制解与震源深度。其中联合反演得到的机制解参数为:节面Ⅰ:234°/81°/-170°;节面Ⅱ:143°/81°/-9°;震级为MW=5.6。为了验证近震结果的可靠性,采用不同模型对近震数据进行反演测试,发现震源断层面解结果有3°的偏差,震源深度结果有0.5km偏差。CAP结果显示,该地震的质心深度为5.0km左右,属于浅源地震。同时,根据地震震源参数的标度分析,得到破裂区宽度约为7.0km,此次地震破裂区上缘可达1.4km深,下缘深度达8.4km。破裂上缘在该区域井的注水深度范围之内,由此推测该地震可能与当地页岩气开采过程中的注水活动有关。  相似文献   

Evolution of the ductile shear zone of the Paishanlou gold deposits,western Liaoning,China     

NI JinLong  LIU JunLai  TANG XiaoLing  ZHAO ChunQiang & ZENG QingDong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(4):600-613

The combination of field surveys with analysis of microstructure of tectonite and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) on quartz fabric indicated that three periods of ductile shear events developed in the Paishanlou gold deposits and the E-W and NE-striking ductile shear zones were formed during each event. The E-W-striking ductile shear zone, accompanied by compressional and dextral shear slip, was shear-cut by the NE-striking shear zones, accompanied by compressional-sinistral shear slip and sinistral-normal shear slip, successively. An E-W-striking ductile shear zone developed at a deeper tectonic level and at middle- to high-temperatures, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including microlayering between a polycrystal quartz belt and mica, and quartz deformation was depended on cylinder (10-10) 〈a〉 or 〈c〉 glide. The development of an E-W-striking shear zone can be seen as a tectonic pattern in the region of the Paishanlou gold deposits of the collision between the Mongolian tectonic belt and the North Archean Craton from Suolun to the Linxi suture zone during the Indosinian. The NE-striking ductile shear zone developed approximately 160 Ma during the early Yianshanian at middle to shallow tectonic levels and at middle- to low-temperatures, accompanied by typical microstructures, including polycrystal quartz aggregation and quartz subgrain rotation recrystallization, etc., and quartz deformation was depended on prismatic (1011) 〈a〉 glide. The last ductile shear event around the NE-striking shear zone developed at low temperatures and shallow tectonic levels, yielding to a pre-existing NE-striking shear zone, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including low-temperature quartz grain boundary migration and bulging recrystallization. The last ductile shear movement may be related to lithosphere thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton from approximately 130-120 Ma, and this shear event resulted directly in the mineralization in the Paishanlou region.  相似文献   

Application of Endophytic Bacteria to Reduce Persistent Organic Pollutants Contamination in Plants          下载免费PDF全文

Xuezhu Zhu  Xue Ni  Juan Liu  Yanzheng Gao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(3):306-310

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歧口凹陷新生界火成岩油藏特征及分布规律     

李双文  吴永平  刘化清  周立宏  肖敦清  姚军  倪长宽 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(4):1071

歧口凹陷新生界发育了两类与火成岩相关的油藏：基性火山岩油藏和浅成侵入相辉绿岩蚀变带油藏,两者都为构造-岩性油藏。这两类油藏区域上受岩浆活动带控制,主要集中于NE向和EW向断裂转换带,并受烃源岩分布范围的影响而紧邻烃源岩分布;垂向上受区域盖层控制,集中于沙一中亚段和东三段。在转换带沙一中亚段和东三段内,火成岩能否富集成藏主要取决于储集系统的类型。开放式储集系统一方面利于流体替换使火成岩储集空间中的矿化水被及时排出减少次生矿物的形成,从而保护储集空间;另一方面利于富含有机酸流体进入火成岩储集体,通过溶蚀先期形成的杏仁体、裂缝充填物及火成岩中不稳定的矿物组分,使其储集空间扩大、容积增加,使火成岩的储集性能得以改善;另外,火成岩中的断裂通过与烃源岩的沟通为烃类注入富集成藏提供了必要的输导通道,致使这类储集系统能够富集烃类成藏。封闭式储集系统缺少这些条件,岩浆期后热液流体与成岩流体被包裹在火成岩储集空间内不能被排出,易形成次生矿物充填并堵塞这些空间,丧失其储集性能。部分未被充填的空间往往相互之间难以连通,并与生排烃地层隔绝而成为烃类难以注入的死孔隙,从而使这类储集系统难以聚集成藏。  相似文献   

Geochemical baseline of trace elements in the sediment in Dexing area,South China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yanguo Teng  Shijun Ni  Jinsheng Wang  Ligen Niu 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(7):1649-1660

A baseline might be used as a point of reference to monitor change from some specific data without concern for whether the baseline determination is natural or has been changed by human activity. We selected 326 sediment samples from Dexing area, South China, and analyzed for 17 chemical elements. The geochemical baseline was predicted with the method of the normalization procedure combined with the relative cumulative frequency curve. The results indicate Al was the best reference element for the normalization procedure among four potential reference elements (Al, Fe, Ti, and Mn). The baseline value range obtained from the normalization procedure method included both the regional geochemical background of the sediment and the median value of the measured contents. The median value of baselines obtained from relative cumulative frequency method was lower than that obtained from normalization procedure method. In contrast to the geochemical patterns of heavy metals in 1987, the spatial distribution of anomalies sprawled in 2004 in study area, especially for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe, and Cr.  相似文献   

基于MODIS的祁连山区积雪时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡迪花  郭铌  王兴  张小文 《冰川冻土》2009,31(6):1028-1036

利用2000-2003年日资料经8 d合成的500 m分辨率MODIS卫星反演积雪资料和数字高程模型, 借助于GIS空间分析技术, 以积雪频率和积雪盖度为监测指标, 研究分析了祁连山区整体的积雪空间分布状况及其年内变化特征, 地形对积雪的分布和季节变化的影响. 结果表明: 祁连山区的积雪分布极不均匀, 积雪主要沿山系走向成条带状分布, 呈现西段多, 东段次之, 中部和南部少, 山脊多, 山谷少的特征, 且海拔越高、 山势越陡、阴坡积雪的范围越大、持续时间越久. 累积降雪时间, 就全区而言为9月至翌年5月, 但不同高度、坡度和坡向带有所差别. 海拔4 000 m以上区域存在春、秋季两个时段的积雪补给, 而海拔4 000 m以下仅有中秋至中冬一个时段的积雪补给;坡度较平缓的区域冬季和春季为主要积雪补给期, 而坡度较陡的区域则为秋季和春季;平地和南坡积雪补给主要发生在冬季和春季, 而其它坡向为春季和秋季.  相似文献   

基于事例推理技术的水库洪水调度研究与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

罗军刚  解建仓  陈田庆  汪妮 《水科学进展》2009,20(1):32-39

将基于事例推理(CBR)技术应用到水库洪水调度中,提出了一种基于CBR的水库洪水调度模式和方法。利用关系数据库实现了洪水调度事例的表示、组织、索引和存储,并建立了水库洪水调度事例库。将遗传禁忌算法与最近相邻法结合起来,构建了基于遗传禁忌算法和最近相邻法相结合的混合检索算法,提高了事例检索的速度和质量。利用遗传算法对事例特征属性权重进行优化,采用多目标决策方法进行事例的优选,并给出了事例调整和学习的策略。最后,应用该方法开发了基于CBR的水库洪水调度系统,并给出了一个应用实例。基于CBR的水库洪水调度为水库洪水调度提供了一种简化知识获取、提高调度效率和质量、进行知识积累和重用的新的思路和方法。  相似文献   

冕宁前寒武纪沉积岩的铕、铈异常特征及成因解释   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

倪志耀  莫怀毅  刘援朝 《四川地质学报》1998,(4)

冕宁尤黑木地区的前寒武纪沉积岩可分为碎屑沉积岩和化学沉积岩两类。前者具明显的负铕异常和不太明显的负铈异常;后者包括重晶石岩和碳酸盐岩,重晶石岩有较明显的负铕异常和负铈异常,碳酸盐岩具明显的负铈异常和不太明显的负铕异常。自碎屑沉积岩经重晶石岩至碳酸盐岩,稀土总量及负铕异常依次降低,负铈异常则明显增大,反映出铕、铈异常的负相关关系。  相似文献