1990年7月30日射电爆发中spike辐射的观测和讨论     

金声震  傅其骏  李小聪  赵冰  胡天军 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1992,(2)

本文简要地叙述了1990年7月30日伴随日面2B级光学耀斑发生的射电爆发,在2840、2640、和1420MHz波段上同步观测结果,其中包括射电爆发在以上波段的秒级时间轮廓和毫秒级时间尺度的spike辐射活动.对它们的形态和频率特征作了简要分析,同时对spike辐射的迴旋电子脉塞增长率、相对辐射频宽和准周期振汤的某些特征及辐射源区的某些物理参数,作了进一步的分析和量级的估算.  相似文献   

A state decoupling approach to estimate unobservable trackingsystems     

Pan-Tai Liu Fu Li Heng Xiao 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1996,21(3):256-259

If a system is unobservable, the error covariance associated with a Kalman filter will be nearly singular. As a consequence, an optimum estimation in the sense of minimum error covariance does not exist. In this paper, we show that this (unobservable) system can be transformed into a nonlinear system with a linear measurement equation. In addition to other useful features, this transformation also serves to decouple the state in such a way that an observable part can be extracted and estimated while no information can be gained and processed for the unobservable part  相似文献   

Distribution of quasars and formation of large-scale structures     

L. Z. Fang  Y. Q. Chu  X. F. Zhu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1985,115(1):99-106

According to the proposal developed by Fanget al. (1984, referred to as Paper I) on formation of large-scale structure in the Universe, we should expect that:

1. The distributions of quasars should be different from that of galaxies by no strong inhomogeneity on the scale of 10–100 Mpc.
2. The distributions of quasars withZ>2 andZ<2 should be different from each other with no large-scale structure in the former, and conversely in the latter.

Our various statistical results obtained from quasar distributions are consistent with these predictions. Particularly, the nearest neighbour test for the complete quasar sample given by Savage and Bolton (1979) clearly shows that the distribution ofZ>2 quasars is rather homogeneous while theZ<2 quasars have a tendency to cluster.  相似文献   

A mechanism for the formation of plasmoids and kink waves in the heliospheric current sheet     

S. Wang  L. C. Lee  C. Q. Wei  S. -I. Akasofu 《Solar physics》1988,117(1):157-169

Satellite observations of the heliospheric current sheet indicate that the plasma flow velocity is low at the center of the current sheet and high on the two sides of current sheet. In this paper, we investigate the growth rates and eigenmodes of the sausage, kind, and tearing instabilities in the heliospheric current sheet with the observed sheared flow. These instabilities may lead to the formation of the plasmoids and kink waves in the solar wind. The results show that both the sausage and kink modes can be excited in the heliospheric current sheet with a growth time 0.05–5 day. Therefore, these modes can grow during the transit of the solar wind from the Sun to the Earth. The sausage mode grows faster than the kink mode for < 1.5, while the streaming kink instability has a higher growth rate for > 1.5. Here is the ratio between the plasma and magnetic pressures away from the current layer. If a finite resistivity is considered, the streaming sausage mode evolves into the streaming tearing mode with the formation of magnetic islands. We suggest that some of the magnetic clouds and plasmoids observed in the solar wind may be associated with the streaming sausage instability. Furthermore, it is found that a large-scale kink wave may develop in the region with a radial distance greater than 0.5–1.5 AU.Also at Department of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230029, China.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variations of potential evapotranspiration and aridity index in relation to influencing factors over Southwest China during 1960–2013     

Yifei?Zhao  Xinqing?ZouEmail author  Liguo?Cao  Yulong?Yao  Guanghe?Fu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(3-4):711-726

This study investigated the spatial–temporal patterns and trends of potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) and aridity index (AI) over Southwest China during 1960–2013 based on daily temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine duration, total solar radiation, and relative humidity data from 108 meteorological stations. The Penman–Monteith model, Mann–Kendall (M–K) test, moving t test, and Morlet wavelet method were used. The results indicated that ET₀ and AI across the region displayed decreasing trends, but the former was significant. After 2000, regionally average trends in ET₀ and AI increased rapidly, indicating that droughts increased over Southwest China in recent years. Spatially, the changes of ET₀ and AI were dissimilar and not clustered, either. Temporally, both ET₀ and AI displayed obvious abrupt change points over different timescales and that of AI was during the winter monsoon period. Significant periodic variations with periods of 27, 13, and 5 years were found in ET₀, but only of 13 and 5 years existed in AI. Correlation analysis revealed that the sunshine duration and wind speed were the dominant factors affecting ET₀ and that AI showed strong negative correlation with precipitation. The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the relationship between climate change and drought in Southwest China, while the mechanism controlling the variation in drought requires further study.  相似文献   

Responses of urban heat island in Atlanta to different land-use scenarios     

Peng?Fu  Qihao?WengEmail author 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):123-135

The urban heat island (UHI) effect changes heat and water cycles in urban areas, and has been accused of elevating energy consumption, deteriorating living environment, and increasing mortality rates. Understanding various UHI effects necessitates a systematic modeling approach. A major problem in UHI simulations is that urban areas were either considered to have only one category of land use/cover or outdated in land use/cover patterns due to the lack of high resolution data. Therefore, this study aims at integrating up-to-date remotely sensed land use/cover data with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF/UCM)/Urban Canopy Model modeling systems to simulate surface temperature patterns in Atlanta, Georgia. In addition, three land-use scenarios, i.e., spontaneous scenario (SS), concentrated scenario (CS), and local policy scenario (LPS), were designed and incorporated into the modeling. Five numerical experiments were conducted by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to explore the impact of urbanization-induced land-cover changes on temperature patterns. Land use and land-cover patterns under all three scenarios suggested that urban growth would continue through in-filling development and outward expansion. Compared to temperature simulations in 2011, temperature maps corresponding to the three urban growth scenarios showed warmer and cooler temperature patterns outside and inside the urban core, respectively. Analysis of the mean diurnal temperature cycle suggested that the highest temperature difference of 3.9 K was observed between 2011 and the LPS, and occurred around 22:00 local time. Overall, the simulations showed different UHI effects respond to the land-use scenarios in the summer. It is recommended for urban managers and policy makers to reflect on the potential impacts of alternative urban growth policies on thermal environment.  相似文献   

两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地的适用性          下载免费PDF全文

刘甲毅  邓丽姣  傅国斌  白红英  王俊 《应用气象学报》2018,29(6):737-747

基于ASD（automated statistical downscaling）统计降尺度模型提供的多元线性回归和岭回归两种统计降尺度方法,采用RCP4.5（representative concentration pathways 4.5）和RCP8.5情景下全球气候模式MPI-ESM-LR输出的预报因子数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和秦岭山地周边10个气象站观测数据,评估两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地的适用性及预估秦岭山地未来3个时期（2006-2040年、2041-2070年和2071-2100年）的平均气温和降水。结果表明:率定期和验证期内,两种统计降尺度方法均可以较好地模拟研究区域的平均气温和降水的变化特征,且多元线性回归的模拟效果优于岭回归。在未来气候情景下,两种统计降尺度方法预估的研究区域平均气温均呈明显上升趋势,气温增幅随辐射强迫增加而增大。降水方面,21世纪未来3个时期降水均呈不明显减少趋势,但季节分配发生变化。综合考虑两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地对平均气温和降水的模拟效果和情景预估结果,认为多元线性回归降尺度方法更适用于秦岭山地气候变化的降尺度预估研究。  相似文献   

山西省中北部地区近地面晴天大气电场特征及其与污染物的关系     

李芳  付亚平  郝孝智  范卫东 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(2):50-56

对2013—2015年山西省大气电场监测系统8个观测站点的观测数据进行了统计分析。着重分析了山西省中北部地区近地面晴天大气电场的时间变化特征,以及大气电场与SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5浓度的相关性。结果表明:8个站的日变化均为双峰双谷型,具有典型的大陆型大气电场特征。第一个波谷均出现在04:00—06:00(北京时,下同),第二个波谷出现在12:00—16:00,下午的波谷略低于早晨;第一个波峰出现在07:00—10:00,第二个波峰出现在19:00—21:00,傍晚的值略低于上午。日变化与太阳对地面的辐射和人类活动保持较好的一致。8个站的大气电场年变化为单峰单谷型,波谷出现在夏季,波峰出现在冬季,春季和夏季、夏季和秋季的交界明显,秋季和冬季、冬季和春季的交界不明显。晴天大气电场的变化与大气中SO_2、PM_(2.5)的浓度有较好的一致性,呈正相关,与NO_2、PM_(10)的相关性较差或不相关。  相似文献   

藏东南大气中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源分析     

罗汉  张强  岳平  奚立宗  刘琴  尹春  王元兵  秦豪君  王琦  李宝梓  王劲松 《大气科学》2023,(3):853-865

为探究青藏高原东南部大气中多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,简称PAHs)的污染、源及输送特征,利用鲁朗地区(29.77°N,94.73°E)总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particles,简称TSP)和大气中的14种PAHs含量,结合同期气象环境数据进行了综合分析。结果表明,该地区TSP中PAHs和气相的PAHs质量浓度变化范围分别为0.22～5.05 ng m^-3和0.83～63.75 ng m^-3,平均值分别为2.13 ng m^-3和11.33 ng m^-3。薪柴和柴油的燃烧是污染的主要方式,汽油燃烧等其他排放为次要方式。PAHs来自本地污染和远距离传输(Long Range Transmission,简称LRT)共同的影响。本地污染在四季各个源地均不相同。冬春季本地污染大,源在东南及正南方,夏秋季受本地和外来输送共同作用,本地源在东南方且占比小,LRT占比大。LRT受西北气流、西风气流和西南气流三支气流影响,污染严重时西南气流占主导...  相似文献   

气候模式CAS-ESM-C对1月热带太平洋流场模态的模拟评估     

张东凌  卢姁  张铭  吕庆平 《大气科学》2023,(3):725-738

利用气候模式CAS-ESM-C从1922年起84年的模拟资料,对1月份热带太平洋上层流场作复EOF分解及小波分析,并与实况以及理论解析解作对比讨论,以考察模式对赤道大洋上层流场的模拟能力,得到主要结论：（1）复EOF分解前3个模态的方差贡献为53.5%、12.9%、9.5%,累积方差贡献为75.9%,累积方差贡献比实况更高。（2）第一、二模态空间场与实况相比总体相像,流场都为赤道所俘获,在俘获区内的流场均以偏纬向流为主;差异在于模拟资料分析的赤道俘获区范围较实况要大,流场的经向流分量及越赤道流也较实况明显。（3）第一、二模态实时间系数序列无线性变化趋势,而实况则有。复EOF模态年际及年代际变化与实况相同或相近;第一、二模态中3～7年的年际变化是厄尔尼诺与南方涛动（ENSO）的反映;第一模态22～23年的年代际变化受北太平洋主要气候模态北太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）对热带太平洋的影响,而第二模态13年的年代际变化是受北太平洋次要气候模态北太平洋环流振荡（NPGO）对热带太平洋的影响;第一、二模态还都有峰值16年的年代际变化,这可能与印尼穿越流有关。（4）模拟资料分析的结果具有理论解析解中流...  相似文献