利用静止气象卫星监测沙尘暴   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

胡秀清  卢乃锰  邱红  刘玉洁 《气候与环境研究》2003,8(1):101-106

MODTRAN的理论模拟和实际卫星图象分析结果表明:分裂窗亮温差与11μm红外亮温的比值可以很好地反映弱沙尘的存在.当强沙尘出现时,借助于可见光、红外和水汽图象的光谱分类技术是监测沙尘暴的有效手段.作者首先介绍分裂窗处理技术和光谱分类技术,而后展示了国家卫星气象中心静止气象卫星沙尘暴自动监测精度的初步检验结果.  相似文献   

Investigating CloudSat Retrievals Sensitivity to Forward Iterative Algorithm Parameters in the Mixed Cloud Layers     

Yujun Qiu  Chunsong Lu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(9):3111-3124

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周至地电阻率观测环境干扰数值模拟     

石富强  张国强  方炜  邵辉成  邱玉荣 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,35(5):230-236

周至地震台NS、NE和NW向测道地电阻率观测值2012年初开始出现显著趋势减小变化,经多次现场调查落实,认为变化与近年来农民在测区大规模搭建猕猴桃架有关.针对周至地震台地电阻率连续观测存在的环境干扰问题,建立环境干扰物理模型,模拟分析环境干扰对周至地电阻率观测的影响,并分析2012年以来趋势减小的可能干扰源.结果显示：2012年新搭建的猕猴桃架会造成周至地电阻率3测道观测值的趋势减小.当干扰电阻R=10 Ω时,模拟结果与实际观测结果符合良好.  相似文献   

Simulation of snowmelt runoff in ungauged basins based on MODIS: a case study in the Lhasa River basin   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Linghua Qiu  Jinjun You  Fei Qiao  Dingzhi Peng 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(6):1577-1585

It is theoretically and practically significant to conduct snowmelt runoff simulations and hydrological research for high-elevation regions. The Lhasa River basin, an ungauged basin, is a typical alpine headwater region where snowmelt runoff contributes significantly to its stream flow. In this study, the snowmelt period, defined by the snow cover curves obtained at different altitudinal zones based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Digital Elevation Model data, occurred from March 6 to July 12 in the basin. The snowmelt processes were simulated with the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) in 2002 and 2003 for calibration and validation, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R ² ) were 0.86 and 0.87 for calibration and validation, respectively, and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients were both 0.80, which indicate reasonable performances in simulating hydrological processes in the Lhasa River basin. The simulated snowmelt at altitudes below 5,000 m accounts for most of the snowmelt. And the simulated snowmelt runoff contributed 3–6 % to the total runoff. The sensitivity of individual parameters was analysed and ranked as follows: α and γ > C _S  > C _R  > T _crit . In short, the SRM based on MODIS remotely sensed data performed well for the ungauged Lhasa River basin.  相似文献   

Using a Lagrangian model to estimate source regions of particles in sediment traps     

ZhongFeng Qiu  A. M. Doglioli  F. Carlotti 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2447-2456

A Lagrangian model is used to evaluate source regions of particles collected in the sediment traps at the DYFAMED(Dynamique des Flux Atmosphériques en Méditerranée) station by tracking particles backwards from March 1 to August 31, 2001. The analysis suggests that source regions depend on the flow fields, the settling speed of the particles, and the deployment depths of the traps. Monthly variation is observed in the distribution patterns of source regions, which is caused by the currents. The source regions are located around the traps and up to hundreds of kilometers away. As the settling speed increases with the particle diameters, the distance to the source regions decreases. The vertical flux can be approximately estimated in 1D for the particles with diameters larger than 500 μm. Furthermore, traps moored at various depths at the DYFAMED can collect particles that originated from different regions in the Ligurian Sea.  相似文献   

Origin of Taiwan Canyon and its effects on deepwater sediment     

Shang Xu  YingMin Wang  XueChao Peng  HuaYao Zou  Yan Qiu  ChengLin Gong  HaiTeng Zhuo 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(11):2769-2780

The continental slope of the Taiwan Shoal, which has cultivated numerous submarine canyons, is located in a passive continental margin environment. However, the trend of the Taiwan Canyon, with its 45° intersection angle, is obviously different from that of the erosion valley downward along the continental slope. A distinct break is present in the lower segment of the Taiwan Canyon, which then extends from west to east parallel to the continental slope until finally joining the Manila Trench. By utilizing multiple-beam water depth data, high-resolution seismic data, and sediment cores, this study describes the topographic characteristics of the Taiwan Canyon and provides a preliminary discussion on the origin of the Taiwan Canyon and its effect on deepwater sediment. The terrain, landform, and sediment of the Taiwan Canyon exhibit segmentation characteristics. The upper segment is characterized primarily by erosion, downward cutting with a V shape, and wide development of sliding, slumping, and other gravity flow types. The middle segment is characterized mostly by U-shaped erosion-sedimentation transition and development of an inner levee. The lower segment is characterized primarily by sedimentation and development of a sediment wave. The bottom current has a significant reworking effect on the interior sediments of the canyon and forms reworked sands. The formation and evolution of the Taiwan Canyon is closely related to sediment supply, gravity sliding(slumping), faulting activities, and submarine impaling. Given the sufficient terrigenous clastic supply, the sediments along the continental shelf edge continuously proceed seaward; gliding and slumping in the front edge provide driving forces for the formation of the canyon. Faulting activities result in stratum crushing, and the gravity flow takes priority in eroding the relatively fragile stratum. Thus, the direction of the extension of the canyon crosses the surrounding erosion valley obliquely. Seamounts are formed through submarine impaling. Owing to seamount blocking, the lower segment of the canyon is turned toward the east–west direction. Large amounts of sediments overflow at the turning, forming sediment waves.  相似文献   

三峡库区黄陵背斜形成机理及与滑坡群关系     

王孔伟  张帆  邱殿明 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(4):1142-1154

黄陵背斜、秭归向斜是三峡地区构造地质研究热点之一,前人将其划归于秦岭造山带的组成部分,认为是东西向构造后期改造的结果;分布于此区的仙女山断裂是否穿越长江也是争论的焦点问题之一.这些问题的解决对澄清研究区地质灾害分布特征具有重要意义.笔者在前人研究的基础上,从沉积学、构造地质学角度,在大量野外地质研究工作的基础上,提出了新的看法:黄陵背斜、秭归向斜、当阳向斜、仙女山断裂同属统一的构造体系,其形成和演化与中国东西部构造格局的变迁一致,黄陵背斜具有断层相关褶皱的特点,秭归向斜具有前陆挠曲型盆地构造属性;仙女山断裂形成之初具有传递断层的属性,后期又经历了引张、挤压演化过程,不存在跨越长江向北延伸的问题;受秭归向斜沉降幅度以及东西向构造与南北向构造复合影响,在研究区形成3个滑坡聚集区,分别为贾家店滑坡聚集区、八字门向家店滑坡聚集区、兴山县城附近滑坡聚集区.  相似文献   

华北板块北缘中段早石炭世构造属性:察哈尔右翼后旗高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩地球化学的制约     

刘群  王挽琼  邱殿明  白新会  张金凤  王新 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(4):1121-1131

察哈尔右翼后旗二长花岗岩岩体位于华北板块北缘中段.岩体富SiO₂、富K、富碱、低Ca和P、贫Fe和Mg,w(P₂O₅)与w(SiO₂)呈负相关,铝指数(A/CNK)为0.96~1.15,分异指数为90.36~92.96;主要造岩矿物为条纹长石、斜长石和石英,其铁镁矿物主要为黑云母,未出现碱性铁镁矿物和富铝矿物,副矿物为锆石、磁铁矿、磷灰石、榍石和钛铁矿;可见察哈尔右翼后旗二长花岗岩属高分异钙碱性I型花岗岩类.结合较低的w(∑REE)((46.8~94.4)×10^-6)、w(Th)((1.74~2.39)×10^-6)、w(U)((0.27~0.39)×10^-6)和微量元素判别图解,二长花岗岩岩浆源区可能为下地壳,源岩可能为岩石圈地幔.岩石轻重稀土分馏较强 ((La/Yb)_N= 6.52~28.39),δEu以正异常为主(0.83~3.51),富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs,Cs、Rb、Ba和K),亏损高场强元素 (HFSEs,Nb、Ta、P和Ti).地球化学特征反映了二长花岗岩具有火山弧岩石特征,且岩体侵入新元古界埃迪卡拉系什那干群,表明岩体形成于活动大陆边缘弧环境,其侵位反映了古亚洲洋的俯冲岩浆事件.  相似文献   

Effects of hypoxia on biofilms and subsequently larval settlement of benthic invertebrates     

S.G. Cheung  C.Y.S. Chan  B.H.K. Po  A.L. Li  J.Y.S. Leung  J.W. Qiu  P.O. Ang  V. Thiyagarajan  P.K.S. Shin  J.M.Y. Chiu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Biofilms on submerged surfaces are important in determining larval settlement of most marine benthic invertebrates. We investigated if exposure of biofilms to hypoxia would alter the larval settlement pattern and result in a shift in benthic invertebrate community structure in the field. Biofilms were first exposed to hypoxia or normoxia in laboratory microcosms for 7 days, and then deployed in the field for another 7 days to allow for larval settlement and recruitment to occur. Using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene, this study showed that hypoxia altered the biofilm bacterial community composition, and the difference between the hypoxic and normoxic treatments increased with the time of exposure period. This study also demonstrated significantly different benthic invertebrate community structures as a result of biofilm exposure to hypoxia and that the hypoxic and normoxic treatments were dominated by Hydroides sp. and Folliculina sp., respectively.  相似文献   

Evaluating Mean Magnetic Field in Flare Loops     

Jiong Qiu  Dale E. Gary  Gregory D. Fleishman 《Solar physics》2009,255(1):107-118

We analyze multiple-wavelength observations of a two-ribbon flare exhibiting apparent expansion motion of the flare ribbons in the lower atmosphere and rising motion of X-ray emission at the top of newly-formed flare loops. We evaluate magnetic reconnection rate in terms of V _r B _r by measuring the ribbon-expansion velocity (V _r) and the chromospheric magnetic field (B _r) swept by the ribbons. We also measure the velocity (V _t) of the apparent rising motion of the loop-top X-ray source, and estimate the mean magnetic field (B _t) at the top of newly-formed flare loops using the relation 〈V _t B _t〉≈〈V _r B _r〉, namely, conservation of reconnection flux along flare loops. For this flare, B _t is found to be 120 and 60 G, respectively, during two emission peaks five minutes apart in the impulsive phase. An estimate of the magnetic field in flare loops is also achieved by analyzing the microwave and hard X-ray spectral observations, yielding B=250 and 120 G at the two emission peaks, respectively. The measured B from the microwave spectrum is an appropriately-weighted value of magnetic field from the loop top to the loop leg. Therefore, the two methods to evaluate coronal magnetic field in flaring loops produce fully-consistent results in this event.  相似文献