A framework to analyze vulnerability of critical infrastructure to climate change: the case of a coastal community in Florida     

Suwan Shen  Xi Feng  Zhong Ren Peng 《Natural Hazards》2016,80(1):589-604

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环渤海地区1980—2012年能见度变化特征     

郭军  任雨  傅宁  何群 《气象科技》2016,44(3):416-422

利用环渤海地区365个地面气象站1980—2012年逐日能见度观测资料,统计分析了该地区能见度的变化特征以及不同等级能见度的主要影响因子。结果表明：环渤海地区能见度的主要气候特征是春秋季高、冬季低。1980—2012年平均能见度下降最大的区域位于太行山和燕山山脉的迎风坡,也是平均能见度较低的区域。环渤海地区整体而言,能见度小于等于1 km主要是水滴造成的,能见度1～10 km范围内,颗粒物、气体污染物的影响随能见度的增大而增大。水滴和颗粒物、气体污染物对不同等级能见度的影响存在一定空间差异。  相似文献   

河北气溶胶浓度垂直分布特性研究     

刘思瑶  濮江平  周毓荃 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(2):41-45

为了研究气溶胶粒子浓度垂直分布及其与温度廓线及云水的关系,选取河北地区2013—2014年的9次气溶胶飞机探测资料(高度大于4000 m)进行分析,用指数函数a×exp(b×x)对气溶胶粒子浓度的垂直分布进行拟合、分类,对于出现强逆温的情况将气溶胶粒子浓度与温度廓线作相关性分析。结果表明:当气溶胶本底浓度较低时,云的出现对气溶胶的垂直分布影响较小;当气溶胶本底浓度较高时,气溶胶垂直分布的极大值并未出现在云底,而是存在于距离云底下方1000—1500 m高度处。逆温层对气溶胶粒子浓度的垂直分布有重要作用,粒子在逆温层下累积,出现浓度的极大值。在逆温强度较弱的情况下,数浓度最大值一般出现在近地面附近,但若受到强的平流作用,在该平流层高度处的气溶胶粒子浓度可能会出现超过近地面气溶胶粒子浓度的情况。气溶胶浓度的垂直分布可以分为缓慢递减型、快速递减型、温度相关型三种类型。在出现强逆温的情况下,气溶胶浓度的垂直分布为温度相关型,可以直接通过大气温度廓线和气溶胶本底浓度判断气溶胶浓度的分布。  相似文献   

黔中茶店桥地下河流域不同水体硫酸盐浓度特征及来源识别   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

任坤  潘晓东  兰干江  焦友军  曾洁  孟小军  庞园 《地质学报》2016,90(8):1922-1932

茶店桥地下河位于西南岩溶区,流域内"三水"转换迅速,地下水是当地的重要饮用水源。本文对流域内雨水、地表水、地下水中的SO_4~(2-)浓度进行了测试,利用氘(δD_(H_2O))、氧(δ~(18) O_(H_2O))同位素示踪地表水、地下水补给来源,用硫酸盐硫(δ~(34)S_(SO4))、氧(δ~(18) O_(SO4))同位素探讨了地表水、地下水中SO_4~(2-)的来源,并计算了地下河出口河水中不同SO_4~(2-)来源的贡献比例。结果表明:1不同水体中SO_4~(2-)浓度大小顺序为地表水地下水雨水,与邻近区域相比,茶店桥地下河流域雨水、地表水、地下水呈现富集SO_4~(2-)的特征。2地表水、地下水的主要补给来源为大气降水,硫酸不仅和HCO_3~-共同参与了流域内碳酸盐岩的溶解,也参与了雨水中含钙镁颗粒物的溶解。3地表水δ~(34)S_(SO4)、δ~(18) O_(SO4)值分别介于-12.98‰~-10.19‰和-0.54‰~+9.13‰之间,地下水δ~(34)S_(SO4)、δ~(18) O_(SO4)值分别介于-14.32‰~+16.58‰和+2.81‰~+14.35‰之间,SW02的SO_4~(2-)主要来源于大气降水,SW01、SW03、GW02、GW03、GW06主要来源于煤层,GW05主要来源于石膏,GW01、GW04为混合输入源。4地下河出口河水中大气降水带来的SO_4~(2-)贡献比例为13%,煤层硫化物氧化的贡献比例为40%,石膏溶解的贡献比例为47%。  相似文献   

The Role of Ocean Tides on Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange in a Mangrove-Dominated Estuary: Shark River Slough,Florida Coastal Everglades,USA     

Christopher G. Smith  René M. Price  Peter W. Swarzenski  Jeremy C. Stalker 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(6):1600-1616

Low-relief environments like the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) have complicated hydrologic systems where surface water and groundwater processes are intimately linked yet hard to separate. Fluid exchange within these low-hydraulic-gradient systems can occur across broad spatial and temporal scales, with variable contributions to material transport and transformation. Identifying and assessing the scales at which these processes operate is essential for accurate evaluations of how these systems contribute to global biogeochemical cycles. The distribution of ²²²Rn and ^223,224,226Ra have complex spatial patterns along the Shark River Slough estuary (SRSE), Everglades, FL. High-resolution time-series measurements of ²²²Rn activity, salinity, and water level were used to quantify processes affecting radon fluxes out of the mangrove forest over a tidal cycle. Based on field data, tidal pumping through an extensive network of crab burrows in the lower FCE provides the best explanation for the high radon and fluid fluxes. Burrows are irrigated during rising tides when radon and other dissolved constituents are released from the mangrove soil. Flushing efficiency of the burrows—defined as the tidal volume divided by the volume of burrows—estimated for the creek drainage area vary seasonally from 25 (wet season) to 100 % (dry season) in this study. The tidal pumping of the mangrove forest soil acts as a significant vector for exchange between the forest and the estuary. Processes that enhance exchange of O₂ and other materials across the sediment-water interface could have a profound impact on the environmental response to larger scale processes such as sea level rise and climate change. Compounding the material budgets of the SRSE are additional inputs from groundwater from the Biscayne Aquifer, which were identified using radium isotopes. Quantification of the deep groundwater component is not obtainable, but isotopic data suggest a more prevalent signal in the dry season. These findings highlight the important role that both tidal- and seasonal-scale forcings play on groundwater movement in low-gradient hydrologic systems.  相似文献   

Comparison of the characteristics of rock salt exposed to loading and unloading of confining pressures     

Jie Chen  Deyi Jiang  Song Ren  Chunhe Yang 《Acta Geotechnica》2016,11(1):221-230

Rock mechanical behaviors and deformation characteristics are associated with stress history and loading path. Unloading conditions occur during the formation of a salt cavity as a result of washing techniques. Such conditions require an improved understanding of the mechanical and deformation behaviors of rock salt. In our study, rock salt dilatancy behaviors under triaxial unloading confining pressure tests were analyzed and compared with those from conventional uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The volume deformation of rock salt under unloading was more than under triaxial loading, but less than under uniaxial loading (with the same deviatoric stress). Generally, under the same axial compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate decreased as the confining compression increased, and under the same confining compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate increased as the axial compression increased. The dilatancy boundary of the unloading confining pressure test began with unloading. This is different from the dilatancy of the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The accelerated dilatancy point boundary stress value was affected by confining and axial compressions. The specimens entered into a creep state after unloading. The associated creep rate depends on the deviatoric stress and confining compression values at the end of the unloading process. Based on unloading theory and the experimental data, we propose a constitutive model of rock salt damage. Our model reflects the dilatancy progression at constant axial stress and reduced lateral confinement.  相似文献   

Variability of dust mass concentrations and deposition rates under different weather conditions in Cele Oasis,southern Tarim Basin     

Lishuai Xu  Guijin Mu  Junxia He  Fan Yang  Xiao Ren  Dejun Wan  Yongchong Lin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(8):639

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Efficacy of granular polyacrylamide on runoff,erosion and nitrogen loss at loess slope under rainfall simulation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chang Ao  Peiling Yang  Shumei Ren  Weimin Xing  Xu Li  Xuewu Feng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(6):490

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Comparison of slug and pumping tests for hydraulic tomography experiments: a practical perspective     

Daniel Paradis  René Lefebvre  Erwan Gloaguen  Bernard Giroux 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(16):1159

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Assessment of precipitation and drought variability in the Weihe River Basin,China     

Jianxia?ChangEmail author  Yunyun?Li  Yi?Ren  Yimin?Wang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(14):633

The amount and distribution of precipitation play crucial roles in the occurrence of drought in the Weihe River Basin (WRB), China. Using the precipitation data (1960–2010) of 21 meteorological stations, the spatial and temporal characteristics of short-, medium-, and long-term droughts on 3-, 6-, and 12-month time scales, respectively, were examined using the theory of runs and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The trends of the drought characteristics were analyzed by a modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) test method. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the SPI at different time scales was conducted. The results showed that (1) the main drought type was moderate drought, which occurred frequently in July and October; (2) the drought intensity and frequency were highest in the 1990s, and the drought severity and drought duration in the northwest was more serious than that in the east; (3) an increasing trend of short droughts appeared mainly in the spring and fall; an increasing trend of medium droughts mainly occurred in the 1990s and that of long-term droughts were mainly presented in the northwest region of the WRB; (4) SPI-3 can better reflect precipitation in the current month, SPI-6 has an advantage in characterizing drought persistence, and SPI-12 performs well in capturing extraordinary droughts; and (5) it was also observed that there is a strong relation between the precipitation distribution and drought zones in the basin, and the drought conditions changed continuously with the seasons depending upon the amount and spatial distribution of precipitation .  相似文献