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21.
We consider the advantages of a formalism based on concept of the asymmetric continuum and we present some equivalence theorems
relating it to the asymmetric elasticity and to micropolar and micromorphic theories as founded by Nowacki, Cosserats and
Eringen.
We consider the basic processes in an asymmetric continuum which could be reduced to the point basic motions/deformations.
The co-action of spin and shear motions is assumed to play the main role in fracturing process, while the constitutive relation
between the antisymmetric stresses and rotations replaces the friction constitutive law. 相似文献
22.
Current advances in computer hardware, information technology and data collection techniques have produced very large data
sets in a wide variety of scientific and engineering disciplines. We must harness this opportunity to visualize and extract
useful information from geophysical and geological data. We have taken the task of data mining by implementing a map-like
approach over a web server for interrogating the data, using a client-server paradigm. The spatial-data is mapped onto a two-dimensional
grid from which the user (client) can quiz the data with the map-interface as a user extension. The data is stored on the
server, while the computational gateway separating the client and the server can be the front-end of an electronic publication,
electronic classroom, a survey, or an e-business. We have used a combination of Java, Java3D, and Perl for processing the
data and communicating between the client and the server. The user can interrogate the geospatial data over any particular
region with arbitrary dimensions and then receive back relevant statistical analysis, such as the histogram plots and local
statistics. We have applied this method for the following data sets: (1.) distribution of prime numbers (2.) two-dimensional
mantle convection (3.) three-dimensional mantle convection (4.) high-resolution satellite reflectance data over multiple wavelengths
(5.) molecular dynamics describing the flow of blood in narrow vessels. Using the map-interface, one can actually interrogate
this data over the Internet. 相似文献
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25.
Norbert I. Kömle Hui Bing Wen Jie Feng Roman Wawrzaszek Erika S. Hütter Ping He Wojciech Marczewski Borys Dabrowski Kathrin Schröer Tilman Spohn 《Acta Geotechnica》2007,2(2):127-138
A series of thermal conductivity measurements for various materials was performed in a large climate chamber. The size of
the chamber allowed the preparation of relatively large samples in a controlled thermal environment. Three types of thermal
sensors were used: (1) two needle probes; (2) a grid of temperature sensors, evenly distributed inside the sample; (3) two
additional thermal probes, which were simplified versions of an instrument originally developed for measuring thermal properties
of the ice/dust mixture expected to exist at the surface of a comet nucleus. They consist of a series of individual temperature
sensors integrated into a glass fibre rod. Each of these sensors can be operated in an active (heated) or passive (only temperature
sensing) mode. The following sample materials were used: fine-grained reddish sand, coarse-grained moist sand, gravels with
various grain size distributions from < 1 cm up to about 6 cm, and for comparison and calibration pure water (with convection
suppressed by adding agar-agar), compact ice, and compact granite. Of particular interest are the measurements with composite
samples, like stones embedded in an agar-agar matrix. We describe the evaluation methods and present the results of the thermal
conductivity measurements. 相似文献
26.
P.M. Davis F.D. Stacey C.J. Zablocki J.V. Olson 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,19(4):331-336
Cancellation of extraterrestrial magnetic disturbances by taking simple differences between total field readings at spaced stations is imperfect. It is shown that improvement is possible when three component observatory data are available from a single station in the general, but not necessarily immediate, vicinity of an array of total field stations used in a tectonomagnetic study. The local effects of a magnetic disturbance field depend upon its orientation, so that local field differences are more effectively generated by certain orientations of the disturbance field. The orientation of the disturbance field which correlates best with a local difference field is determined by a least-squares method, so that the correlated vector signal can be routinely subtracted from the difference field record. Application of the technique to daily averages of records from three synchronised proton magnetometers on Kilauea volcano reveals a 1.5-nT change in the local field at the time of a flank eruption in May, 1973. This effect was obscured by noise in the raw difference field data. 相似文献
27.
Rodica Roman 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,335(2):475-483
A new equivalence relation, named relation of ‘similarity’ is defined and applied in the restricted three-body problem. Using
this relation, a new class of trajectories (named ‘similar’ trajectories) are obtained; they have the theoretical role to
give us new details in the restricted three-body problem. The ‘similar’ coordinate systems allow us in addition to obtain
a unitary and an elegant demonstration of some analytical relations in the Roche geometry. As an example, some analytical
relations published by Seidov (in Astrophys. J. 603:283, 2004) are demonstrated. 相似文献
28.
A potentially promising way to gain knowledge about the internal dynamics of extrasolar planets is by remote measurement of an intrinsic magnetic field. Strong planetary magnetic fields, maintained by internal dynamo action in an electrically conducting fluid layer, are helpful for shielding the upper atmosphere from stellar wind induced mass loss and retaining water over long (Gyr) time scales. Here we present a whole planet dynamo model that consists of three main components: an internal structure model with composition and layers similar to the Earth, an optimal mantle convection model that is designed to maximize the heat flow available to drive convective dynamo action in the core, and a scaling law to estimate the magnetic field intensity at the surface of a terrestrial exoplanet. We find that the magnetic field intensity at the core surface can be up to twice the present-day geomagnetic field intensity, while the magnetic moment varies by a factor of 20 over the models considered. Assuming electron cyclotron emission is produced from the interaction between the stellar wind and the exoplanet magnetic field we estimate the cyclotron frequencies around the ionospheric cutoff at 10 MHz with emission fluxes in the range 10−4-10−7 Jy, below the current detection threshold of radio telescopes. However, we propose that anomalous boosts and modulations to the magnetic field intensity and cyclotron emission may allow for their detection in the future. 相似文献
29.
Brent A. Olson 《Geoforum》2010,41(3):447-456
This article examines the history of the Outdoor Recreation Resource Review Commission (ORRRC) in the United States between 1955 and 1963 and efforts to make recreational resources legible for federal governance. By drawing on insights from Critical Resource Geography, I highlight the ways that the ORRRC systematically accounted for and categorized recreational resources, creating a “patchwork landscape” that zoned outdoor recreational resources and promoted efficient use and rational resource conservation. I argue that these efforts required a negotiation between abstraction and an awareness of the situated nature of recreational landscapes. 相似文献
30.
Roman Skála Jaromír Ulrych Lukáš Ackerman Emil Jelínek Jaroslav Dostál Ernst Hegner Zdeněk Řanda 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(5):1233-1262
The ?eské st?edoho?í Mts. is the dominant volcanic center of the Oh?e (Eger) rift zone. It hosts the Roztoky Intrusive Complex (RIC), which is made up of a caldera vent and intrusions of 33–28-Ma-old hypabyssal bodies of essexite–monzodiorite–sodalite syenite series accompanied by a radially oriented 30–25-Ma-old dike swarm comprising about 1,000 dikes. The hypabyssal rocks are mildly alkaline mostly foid-bearing types of mafic to intermediate compositions. The dike swarm consists of chemically mildly alkaline and rare strongly alkaline rocks (tinguaites). The geochemical signatures of the mildly alkaline hypabyssal and associated dike rocks of the RIC are consistent with HIMU mantle sources and contributions from lithospheric mantle. The compositional variations of essexite and monzodiorite can be best explained by fractional crystallization of parent magma without significant contributions of crustal material. On the other hand, the composition of monzosyenite, leuco-monzodiorite and sodalite syenite reflects fractional crystallization coupled with variable degrees of crustal assimilation. It is suggested that the parent magmas in the Oh?e rift were produced by an adiabatic decompression melting of ambient upper mantle in response to lithospheric extension associated with the Alpine Orogeny. 相似文献