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101.
102.
Bozorg-Haddad Omid Zolghadr-Asli Babak Chu Xuefeng Loáiciga Hugo A. 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(2):2385-2391
Natural Hazards - In March 2019, the Iranian meteorological organization warned of the formation of several dense precipitation systems throughout the country. This was followed by a chain of storm... 相似文献
103.
Linearly Organized Turbulence Structures Observed Over a Suburban Area by Dual-Doppler Lidar 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Dual-Doppler lidar observations are used to investigate the structure and evolution of surface-layer flow over a suburban
area. The observations were made during the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field experiment in Oklahoma City, U.S.A. in the summer
of 2003. This study focuses specifically on a 10-h sequence of scan data beginning shortly after noon local time on 7 July
2003. During this period two coherent Doppler lidars performed overlapping low elevation angle sector scans upwind and south
of Oklahoma City’s central business district. Radial velocity data from the two lidars are processed to reveal the structure
and evolution of the horizontal velocity field in the surface layer throughout the afternoon and during the evening transition
period. The retrieved velocity fields clearly show a tendency for turbulence structures to be elongated in the direction of
the mean flow throughout the entire 10-h study period. In order to quantify the observed anisotropy and its dependence on
stability, integral length scales are estimated directly from the spatially resolved velocity retrievals. As the flow became
more stably stratified the characteristic cross-stream dimension of the linear structures decreased. The streamwise component
was consistently more anisotropic than the cross-stream component, and both velocity components exhibited maximum anisotropy
under neutral conditions. The ratio of the streamwise to cross-stream length scale was estimated to be about eight for the
streamwise component, and four for the cross-stream component under neutral conditions. 相似文献
104.
Bayesian lithology/fluid inversion—comparison of two algorithms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Algorithms for inversion of seismic prestack AVO data into lithology-fluid classes in a vertical profile are evaluated. The
inversion is defined in a Bayesian setting where the prior model for the lithology-fluid classes is a Markov chain, and the
likelihood model relates seismic data and elastic material properties to these classes. The likelihood model is approximated
such that the posterior model can be calculated recursively using the extremely efficient forward–backward algorithm. The
impact of the approximation in the likelihood model is evaluated empirically by comparing results from the approximate approach
with results generated from the exact posterior model. The exact posterior is assessed by sampling using a sophisticated Markov
chain Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. The simulation algorithm is iterative, and it requires considerable computer resources.
Seven realistic evaluation models are defined, from which synthetic seismic data are generated. Using identical seismic data,
the approximate marginal posterior is calculated and the exact marginal posterior is assessed. It is concluded that the approximate
likelihood model preserves 50% to 90% of the information content in the exact likelihood model. 相似文献
105.
Felipe García-Rodríguez Laura Del Puerto Carola Castieira Hugo Inda Roberto Bracco Peter Spechmann Burkhard Wilhelm Scharf 《Limnologica》2001,31(3)
Physical, chemical and biological data from a sedimentary profile of Rocha lagoon (Uruguay) are presented. Analyses of silica remains showed that opal phytoliths, diatoms, sponge spicules and chrysophyte cysts were the most important contributors to biogenic silica. Organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were used to infer past trophic development. Physical analysis of sediments allowed us to identify five lithological units related to sea level variation and climatic events. 相似文献
106.
Nitrate levels in the ground water of the Central Valley of Costa Rica have increased in relation to the past. Previous studies determined that the unseweved sanitation systems in the recharge areas are the main source of nitrogen. Calculations are made in this study to estimate the maximum population density allowable without improved sewage systems in order to keep the nitrogen levels in ground water below the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results were achieved employing a mass balance that involved the concentration and rate of domestic effluents and the flow rate in the aquifer, as well as an estimation of the effects caused by the agricultural activity. It was concluded that, in general terms, the population density must not exceed 45 inhabitants per hectare. Otherwise, sewage systems and treatment plants are necessary. These conclusions provide a basis for urban growth planning, which will protect ground water quality. The method used in this case should apply to similar situations. 相似文献
107.
Different time series were constructed from the data set containing all the seismic events recorded by the Parkfield network between 1969 and 1987. These series were analyzed to determine whether there exists an attractor in the phase space of the dynamical system characterizing seismic activity and to tentatively establish its dimension. The study has yielded ambiguous results. For all the time series analyzed, the dimension of the attractor appears higher than 12 and the correlation function of the seismic time series is undistinguishable from that of a series of random numbers of the same length. The lack of difference between the scaling parameters of two series suggests that, for all practical purposes, the seismic time series cannot be discriminated from a random series. 相似文献
108.
109.
N.B. Trivedi Elesbão G. de Souza Eurico R. de Paula J.M. da Costa Hugo Fournier 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1981,25(3):241-244
Magnetotelluric measurements in the period range 100–86400 s were conducted at a coastal station under the equatorial electrojet (Eusebio, 3.87°S, 321.58°E). The magnetotelluric data were hand-scaled and analysed to obtain a scalar apparent resistivity profile at Eusebio. The depth of the intermediate conducting layer was found to be in the range 45–75 km and the final conducting layer seems to begin at a depth of about 350 km. Possible effects of the source field equatorial electrojet are discussed and our results are compared with those of an African station under the equatorial electrojet. 相似文献
110.