冀中坳陷区深部碳酸盐岩分布特征     

朱威  张格格  李明威 《地质论评》2024,70(S1):23-24

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萍乐凹陷东段逆冲推覆构造特征及油气资源效应     

邵威  李建青  方朝刚  刘桃  黄正清  廖圣兵  王元俊 《地质论评》2024,70(S1):269-271

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Analysis of the contributions of topographic,soil, and vegetation features on the spatial distributions of surface soil moisture in a steep natural forested headwater catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Wei‐Li Liang  Sheng‐Lun Li  Feng‐Xu Hung 《水文研究》2017,31(22):3796-3809

Surface soil moisture has been extensively studied for various land uses and landforms. Although many studies have reported potential factors that control surface soil moisture over space or time, the findings have not always been consistent, indicating a need for identification of the main factors. This study focused on the static controls of topographic, soil, and vegetation features on surface soil moisture in a steep natural forested headwater catchment consisting of three hillslope units of a gully area, side slope, and valley‐head slope. Using a simple correlation analysis to investigate the effects of the static factors on surface soil moisture at depths of 0–20 cm at 470 points in 13 surveys, we addressed the characteristics of surface soil moisture and its main controlling factors. The results indicated that the mean of surface soil moisture was in the decreasing order of gully area > valley‐head slope > side slope. The relationship between the mean and standard deviation of surface soil moisture showed a convex‐upward shape in the headwater catchment, a negative curvilinear shape in the gully area, and positive curvilinear shapes at the side and valley‐head slopes. At the headwater catchment and valley‐head slope, positive contributions of soil porosity and negative contributions of slope gradient and saturated hydraulic conductivity were the main controlling factors of surface soil moisture under wetter conditions, whereas positive contributions of topographic wetness index and negative contributions of vegetation density were the main controlling factors of surface soil moisture under drier conditions. At the side slope underlain by fractured bedrocks, only saturated hydraulic conductivity and vegetation density were observed to be the controlling factors. Surface soil moisture in the gully area was mainly affected by runoff rather than were static features. Thus, using hillslope units is effective for approximately estimating the hydrological behaviours of surface moisture on a larger scale, whereas dependency between the main static factors and moisture conditions is helpful for estimating the spatial distributions of surface moisture on a smaller scale.  相似文献   

Evaluating the spatiotemporal variations of water budget across China over 1951–2006 using IBIS model     

Qiuan Zhu  Hong Jiang  Xiaohua Wei  Changhui Peng  Xiuqing Fang  Shirong Liu  Guomo Zhou  Shuquan Yu  Weiming Ju 《水文研究》2010,24(4):429-445

The Integrated Biosphere Simulator is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of the crucial hydrological variables [run‐off and actual evapotranspiration (AET)] of the water balance across China for the period 1951–2006 including a precipitation analysis. Results suggest three major findings. First, simulated run‐off captured 85% of the spatial variability and 80% of the temporal variability for 85 hydrological gauges across China. The mean relative errors were within 20% for 66% of the studied stations and within 30% for 86% of the stations. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients indicated that the quantity pattern of run‐off was also captured acceptably except for some watersheds in southwestern and northwestern China. The possible reasons for underestimation of run‐off in the Tibetan plateau include underestimation of precipitation and uncertainties in other meteorological data due to complex topography, and simplified representations of the soil depth attribute and snow processes in the model. Second, simulated AET matched reasonably with estimated values calculated as the residual of precipitation and run‐off for watersheds controlled by the hydrological gauges. Finally, trend analysis based on the Mann–Kendall method indicated that significant increasing and decreasing patterns in precipitation appeared in the northwest part of China and the Yellow River region, respectively. Significant increasing and decreasing trends in AET were detected in the Southwest region and the Yangtze River region, respectively. In addition, the Southwest region, northern China (including the Heilongjiang, Liaohe, and Haihe Basins), and the Yellow River Basin showed significant decreasing trends in run‐off, and the Zhemin hydrological region showed a significant increasing trend. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

宽窄相间河道水流紊动特性试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王文娥  廖伟  漆力健 《水科学进展》1990,31(3):394-403

为了探索宽窄相间河道的水流紊动特性，以西南地区宝兴河上游宽窄相间河段为研究对象，基于室内概化模型试验，采用多普勒声学流速仪（ADV）测量了室内模型典型断面上的三维瞬时流速，分析典型断面上的纵向时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺切应力和紊动能的分布规律。试验结果显示：宽窄相间水槽中，扩散段边壁的紊动强度大于中心区域的紊动强度，最大值位于0.2倍水深处；扩散段两侧坡脚处紊动能最大；侧壁区的平面和立面雷诺切应力最大值出现在扩散段内，中心区域最大雷诺切应力位于两槽间的中间断面处；扩散段内水流紊乱，两侧出现旋涡和涡脱，易造成侧壁侵蚀加强，引起河道拓宽。深入分析了宽窄相间河道水流的紊动特性，可为山区河流治理和自然灾害防治提供参考。  相似文献   

肇东和亳县陨石中的黑包体及其成因意义     

侯渭  王明再 《岩石学报》1988,4(3)

肇东、毫县陨石中的黑包体在总体成分、形状、大小上与陨石球粒相似,但两者的内部结构以及矿物组合不同。黑包体中矿物呈密堆状,主要由细粒橄榄石以及其它硅酸盐微晶组成,不含火成玻璃等特点表明黑包体未经历过熔融,它们可能是形成球粒的毛坯。因此认为球粒的形成有三个阶段:星云凝聚形成尘粒—尘粒吸积形成黑包体—黑包体熔融形成球粒。  相似文献   

肇东陨石高压加热—熔融实验研究   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

侯渭  王道德 《岩石学报》1989,5(2):1-8

在30kbar压力下进行了肇东陨石的加热-熔融实验。实验结果表明。从840℃至2050℃,陨石中的金属-硫化物相经历了熔融—两相混溶的过程,最终形成一种Fe、Ni、Co、S之比不相等的多相混合物。而陨石中的硅酸盐相经历了热变质—熔融—熔融分异的过程。初熔温度为1610℃,2050℃时熔体发生分异,有富Si、Al的硅酸盐新相分离出来。以上述结果为依据,本文对类地行星早期层圈构造的形成机制进行了探讨和推论。  相似文献   

Infinite Boundary Element in Two and Three Dimensional Problems     

Yang Wei  Ge Xiurun 《岩土力学》1989,10(1):1-11

In this paper, the infinite boundary elements developed previously in two and three dimensional problems are reviewed, and the shortcoming and irrationality of interpolation functions of those elements are pointed out. A new interpolation function of infinite boundary element is proposed. The divergent integration on infinite element is also discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

小尺度地形阻塞作用的数值试验     

桑建国  龚威 《大气科学》1988,12(2):131-139

本文采用数值试验方法,讨论了一个高度只有200m的小尺度地形的阻塞作用,表明当大气低层的平均风速和温度层结使得Froude数小于1时,就有可能在地形的上风向形成阻塞。本文共试验了一般稳定层结、深厚逆温和浅薄逆温几种情况,讨论了数值结果和Froude数判别式之间的差异和原因,并计算了阻塞发生时的浓度分布。  相似文献   

热带气旋形成的多尺度组合理论——流体动力学实验模拟与合成分析的结合          下载免费PDF全文

魏鼎文  W.M.Gray 《大气科学》1988,12(2):200-207

结合流体动力学实验模拟(物理模型)与大量记录的合成分析,本文提出了热带气旋形成的多尺度组合理论。它强调了热带中尺度深厚对流云系的作用,同时它也着重说明了大尺度环境气流与小尺度积云对流的重要作用。 本理论可解释一些有关热带气旋以前所不能解释的观测事实,特别是它解释了热带气旋前期低压环流的形成。  相似文献