AN APPLICATION OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN SHIPBUILDING     

J. Cochrane 《The Photogrammetric Record》1989,13(73):63-67

A test was devised to measure the distortion of a ship section during and after a crane lift. As the shipbuilders expend significant man hours and costs in carrying out adjustments to fit ship sections together after lifting, it was hoped that information gained from the test could be used to make design adjustments to ensure a better fit. The test was carried out by BKS Surveys Ltd. and Harland and Wolff Ltd., the Belfast shipbuilders.  相似文献   

Gated communities in England: historical perspectives and current developments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sarah Blandy 《GeoJournal》2006,66(1-2):15-26

It is important to analyse the growth of gated communities and the drivers for their supply and demand, within the context specific to each country’s history. This article uses findings from recent studies of gated communities in England, together with historical material, to explore their typology. It considers the changing social, economic and political conditions which may lead to the emergence of defended collective housing, together with the history of property relations and the concept of public/private land within the English context.  相似文献   

Determination of melt influence on divalent element partitioning between anorthite and CMAS melts     

Sarah A. Miller  P.D. Asimow  D.S. Burnett 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(16):4258-4274

We propose a theory for crystal-melt trace element partitioning that considers the energetic consequences of crystal-lattice strain, of multi-component major-element silicate liquid mixing, and of trace-element activity coefficients in melts. We demonstrate application of the theory using newly determined partition coefficients for Ca, Mg, Sr, and Ba between pure anorthite and seven CMAS liquid compositions at 1330 °C and 1 atm. By selecting a range of melt compositions in equilibrium with a common crystal composition at equal liquidus temperature and pressure, we have isolated the contribution of melt composition to divalent trace element partitioning in this simple system. The partitioning data are fit to Onuma curves with parameterizations that can be thermodynamically rationalized in terms of the melt major element activity product (a_Al2O3)(a_SiO2)² and lattice strain theory modeling. Residuals between observed partition coefficients and the lattice strain plus major oxide melt activity model are then attributed to non-ideality of trace constituents in the liquids. The activity coefficients of the trace species in the melt are found to vary systematically with composition. Accounting for the major and trace element thermodynamics in the melt allows a good fit in which the parameters of the crystal-lattice strain model are independent of melt composition.  相似文献   

The contribution of Very Long Baseline Interferometry to ITRF2005     

Markus Vennebusch  Sarah Böckmann  Axel Nothnagel 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(6-8):553-564

The contribution of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) to the ITRF2005 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005) has been computed by the IVS Analysis Coordinator’s office at the Geodetic Institute of the University of Bonn, Germany. For this purpose the IVS Analysis Centres (ACs) provided datum-free normal equation matrices in Solution INdependent EXchange (SINEX) format for each 24 h observing session to be combined on a session-by-session basis by a stacking procedure. In this process, common sets of parameters, transformed to identical reference epochs and a prioris, and especially representative relative weights have been taken into account for each session. In order to assess the quality of the combined IVS files, Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) and scaling factors have been derived from the combined normal equation matrices. The agreement of the EOPs of the combined normal equation matrices with those of the individual ACs in terms of weighted root mean square (WRMS) is in the range of 50–60 μas for the two polar motion components and about 3 μs for UT1−UTC. External comparisons with International GNSS Serive (IGS) polar motion components is at the level of 130–170 μas and 21 μs/day for length of day (LOD). The scale of the terrestrial reference frame realized through the IVS SINEX files agrees with ITRF2000 at the level of 0.2 ppb.  相似文献   

Multivariate Analysis of Ground Water and Soil Data from a Waste Disposal Site   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kevin G. Mumford  John F. MacGregor  Sarah E. Dickson  Richard H. Frappa 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2007,27(1):92-102

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Magmatic 87Sr/86Sr relicts in hydrothermally altered quartz diorites (Brabant Massif,Belgium) and the role of epidote as a Sr filter     

Luc André  Sarah Deutsch 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,92(1):104-112

The porphyritic quartz diorites of the Caledonian Brabant Massif have been totally altered. Ca, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ce, Y measurements and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses were performed on the Quenast plug and the Lessines sill, in an attempt to study the relative mobility of Sr and evaluate the extent, direction and magnitude of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr alterations. Sr electron microprobe analyses of epidote were also carried out to assess its role in the Sr distribution.The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio is shown to have had an unsteady behaviour during the studied water/rock interactions since it has been sometimes enhanced, sometimes depressed and occasionally not modified. The possibility and magnitude of the ⁸⁷Sr contamination turn out to be strictly related to the degree of Sr accommodation in the secondary minerals. Epidote in particular has proved to be the main trap for the hydrothermal Sr and this mineral is thus regarded as the major controlling factor of ⁸⁷Sr hydrothermal contamination. The epidote-poor rocks (albite+chlorite-rich rocks) seem to have been unaffected by any Sr interchange with the aqueous solutions. Therefore, as alteration quickly follows the crystallization of the magma, their initial ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr ratio, which is deduced from an isochron, might be a primary petrogenetic feature enabling interpretation of the genesis of their parental magmas. On the other hand, in the epidote-rich rocks, this ratio has been readily altered; it could thus generally be used only to trace the origin of the hydrothermal solutions. As a consequence, these rocks should not be selected for dating an alteration event by the Rb-Sr method.  相似文献   

Using climate finance to advance climate justice: the politics and practice of channelling resources to the local level     

Sarah Colenbrander  David Dodman  Diana Mitlin 《Climate Policy》2018,18(7):902-915

Adaptation finance is primarily allocated to multilateral entities and national governments, rather than local organizations. This means that the social, political and economic processes that create and sustain inequalities within a country will be the same processes that determine how adaptation finance is used. Using an urban lens, we consider the obstacles currently faced by local governments and local civil society groups in accessing adaptation finance, and show that these are a function of systemic power imbalances between levels of government, and between government and vulnerable communities. We argue that even relatively small amounts of adaptation finance could have a catalytic effect on the capacities and impacts of local organizations, contributing to greater levels of both distributive and procedural justice. We analyse different financial intermediaries and planning systems that could be used to make disbursements from multilateral climate funds fairer and more effective. This could potentially create political opportunities both to respond to direct climate threats and to address underlying drivers of vulnerability, such as marginalization and exclusion. In this way, channelling adaptation finance to the local level could deliver more just processes and outcomes.

Key policy insights

1. More multilateral climate funds should establish direct access modalities, and introduce ‘fit-for-purpose’ accreditation procedures and approval processes. Those that have already established such enabling frameworks should prioritize providing readiness support to local organizations, and incentivize state and citizen collaboration in adaptation projects.

2. National governments should consider clearly enshrining the rights and responsibilities of local authorities in National Adaptation Plans, and help them to collect the information, build the capacities and acquire the resources needed to plan and implement adaptation measures. National governments should further encourage local authorities to adopt participatory planning, budgeting, monitoring and evaluation procedures to encourage citizen participation.

3. Local civil society groups should identify or establish collective entities that can seek accreditation with multilateral funds and then disburse money to their members. Collaboration between groups can facilitate up-scaling through replication (particularly where peer-to-peer learning is embedded in the network) and reduce the transaction costs associated with myriad small projects.

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Impact of climate change on potential evapotranspiration under a historical and future climate scenario in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China     

Liu  Qin  Yan  Changrong  Ju  Hui  Garré  Sarah 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,132(1-2):387-401

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Climate change is widely accepted to be one of the most critical problems faced by the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3H Plain), which is a region in which there is an...  相似文献   

Characteristics of southern California atmospheric rivers     

Harris  Sarah M.  Carvalho  Leila M. V. 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,132(3-4):965-981

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are channels of high water vapor flux that transport moisture from low to higher latitudes on synoptic timescales. In areas of...  相似文献   

Characterizing the Relative Importance Assigned to Physical Variables by Climate Scientists when Assessing Atmospheric Climate Model Fidelity     

Susannah M.BURROWS  Aritra DASGUPTA  Sarah REEHL  Lisa BRAMER  Po-Lun MA  Philip J.RASCH  Yun QIAN 《大气科学进展》2018,35(9):1101-1113

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