Towards climate adaptation and coastal governance in Ireland: Integrated architecture for effective management?     

Maria Falaleeva  Cathal O'Mahony  Stefan Gray  Margaret Desmond  Jeremy Gault  Valerie Cummins 《Marine Policy》2011

Coastal environments are susceptible to a range of impacts arising from medium and long-term climate change. However, as Ireland's population and industrial centres are concentrated in coastal locations, Ireland's coastal communities will be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Therefore, making the best use of existing knowledge to inform the establishment of governance structures capable of facilitating the measures and actions which may soon be required is a national imperative. Coastal communities worldwide have turned to integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) as a process to deliver sustainable development. This paper explores how experience gained from ICZM implementation can be harnessed to inform the development and implementation of climate adaptation policies, with a particular focus on the coastal zone. Using the principles and conceptual basis of Earth System Governance – an emerging approach to analyse complexity of governance under global environmental change – the paper maps the architecture of ICZM and climate governance in Ireland. The research identifies the main barriers to, and opportunities for, integrated application of the two policy domains. Barriers include the fragmentation of governance structures and responsibilities of key stakeholders, a lack of coordinated support for ICZM implementation at the national level, and a relatively weak awareness of the specifics of adaptation at the local level. Opportunities include the availability of expertise gathered from phases of ICZM implementation in Ireland, which encompasses mechanisms for science-policy integration, and invaluable experience of stakeholder participation and interaction. Current political and scientific support at national and EU levels give an additional impetus to climate research and actions which may bring additional opportunities and resources to coastal governance in Ireland.  相似文献   

Modification of air flow over an escarpment — Results from the Hjardemål experiment     

Stefan Emeis  Helmut P. Frank  Franz Fiedler 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1995,74(1-2):131-161

Mean flow, turbulence, and surface pressure measurements over an escarpment are presented. The speed-up in the mean wind field shows the known dependence on stratification. Cross-sections of the standard deviation of horizontal and vertical wind components and of the friction velocity are derived from the data and compare favorably with the numerical model of Zeman and Jensen (1987). The modification of turbulent power spectra at intermediate frequencies can be explained by rapid distortion theory. At very low frequencies, there is a quasi-stationary response to the disturbance. Except for speed-up and standard deviations of the wind components, which are also shown for downslope wind, all results in this paper refer to upslope winds.An analysis of the vertical momentum flux reveals that upstream of the escarpment, most of the flux is transported in sweeps of fast, sinking motion to the ground. Downstream of the escarpment, ejections of slow, rising motion dominate the turbulent transport.  相似文献   

The emerging water crisis in Bulgaria     

C. Gregory Knight  Stefan B. Velev  Marieta P. Staneva 《GeoJournal》1995,35(4):415-423

Climatic records for the last 15 years indicate that Bulgaria is experiencing a period of exceptionally low precipitation. During 1993, significant water supply problems emerged, approaching crisis proportions in Sofia, the nation's capital, by the end of 1994. The record-setting drought of 1993 can be explained from a synoptic climatic perspective. Whether consequences of the continuing drought could have been foreseen is arguable. That these consequences were fully realized only in 1994 may be understood through examination of Bulgarian water use since the end of the socialist era in 1989. If Bulgaria had experienced the same levels of industrial activity and irrigation as occurred in 1989, the current situation would have been national catastrophe, a situation that could quickly emerge in coming years should climatic patterns persist.  相似文献   

1990 Watershed Management Symposium Durango, Colorado, USA     

Stefan Wagner  Robert Hahn  Herbert Reichl 《GeoJournal》1989,18(4):458

Reports

1990 Watershed Management Symposium Durango, Colorado, USA  相似文献   

Potential applications of ERS-1 SAR data in near real-time     

Dr. Stefan W. Dech  Rainer Rudloff 《Ocean Dynamics》1993,45(3):119-136

Summary Some important principles of remote sensing using synthetic aperture radar data (SAR data) from the first European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1 are explained. Examples illustrate the potential applications of satellite radar information. The possibility of using near-on-line processed remote information for operational purposes is discussed in particular.The satellite information used was received, processed and presented to the visitors of the exhibition which took place as part of the 1992 International Space Year (ISY) at the Bonn offices of the EEC. The BSH and DLR co-operated with DARA and TELEKOM. The intention was to familiarize a broader public with the potential of remote sensing and to stress the necessity of using space technology in combatting environmental problems.

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Zum Nutzungspotential von ERS-1-AAR-Daten in naher Echtzeit

Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden einige wichtige Grundlagen der Fernerkundung mit SAR-Daten des Ersten Europäischen Fernerkundungssatelliten ERS-1 erläutert und anhand einiger ausgewählter Beispiele Möglichkeiten der Nutzanwendung von Radar-Daten aufgezeigt. Dabei werden besonders die Möglichkeiten eines Nahe-Echtzeit-Einsatzes unter operationellen Gesichtspunkten aufgegriffen und diskutiert.Die verwendeten Daten wurden während einer Präsentation in der Vertretung der Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaft in Bonn anläßlich einer Veranstaltung zum Internationalen Weltraumjahr 1992 (ISY) von der BDDN-Fast-Delivery-Station des Bundesamts für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Deutschen Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) und der TELEKOM aufgezeichnet, digital verarbeitet und den Besuchern der Ausstellung vorgestellt. Im Vordergrund stand, das Potential der Fernerkundung einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und die Notwendigkeit der Raumfahrt zur Erkundung unserer Umwelt zu bekräftigen.

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Le potentiel d'application des données ERS-1 SAR en utilisation presqueimmédiate

Résumé Des propriétés importantes du radar d'ouverture synthétique du premier satellite européen ERS-1 d'observation de la Terre sont présentées. Des exemples choisis illustrent les possibilités d'utilisation appliquée de l'information radar. La possibilité d'une exploitation en temps très légèrement différé sous des aspects opérationnels est démontrée.L'information du satellite ERS-1 a été reçue, traitée et archivée lors d'une présentation à la Commission de la Communauté Européene à Bonn. À l'occasion de la manifestation de l'année internationale de l'espace 1992 (ISY), avec le concours de l'Agence Maritime et Hydrographique Fédérale (BSH), en coopération avec le Centre Allemand de Recherches Aérospatiales (DLR) et les TELEKOM. Le but était de présenter au public les possibilités de la télédétection et de montrer la nécessité de l'usage de la technologie pour aider à résoudre les problèmes de l'environment.

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Regional water temperature characteristics of lakes subjected to climate change     

Midhat Hondzo  Heinz G. Stefan 《Climatic change》1993,24(3):187-211

A deterministic, validated, one-dimensional, unsteady-state lake water quality model was linked to a daily weather data base to simulate daily water temperature profiles in lakes over a period of twenty-five (1955–79) years. Twenty seven classes of lakes which are characteristic for the north-central U.S. were investigated. Output from a global climate model (GISS) was used to modify the weather data base to account for a doubling of atmospheric CO₂. The simulations predict that, after climate change, epilimnetic temperatures will be higher but increase less than air temperature, hypolimnetic temperatures in seasonally stratified dimictic lakes will be largely unchanged or even lower than at present, evaporative water loss will be increased by as much as 300 mm for the season, onset of stratification will occur earlier and overturn later in the season, and overall lake stability will become greater in spring and summer.  相似文献   

Electricity regulation in the Chinese national emissions trading scheme (ETS): lessons for carbon leakage and linkage with the EU ETS     

Yingying Zeng  Stefan E. Weishaar  Hans H. B. Vedder 《Climate Policy》2018,18(10):1246-1259

Carbon leakage is central to the discussion on how to mitigate climate change. The current carbon leakage literature focuses largely on industrial production, and less attention has been given to carbon leakage from the electricity sector (the largest source of carbon emissions in China). Moreover, very few studies have examined in detail electricity regulation in the Chinese national emissions trading system (which leads, for example, to double counting) or addressed its implications for potential linkage between the EU and Chinese emissions trading systems (ETSs). This article seeks to fill this gap by analysing the problem of ‘carbon leakage’ from the electricity sector under the China ETS. Specifically, a Law & Economics approach is applied to scrutinize legal documents on electricity/carbon regulation and examine the economic incentive structures of stakeholders in the inter-/intra-regional electricity markets. Two forms of ‘electricity carbon leakage’ are identified and further supported by legal evidence and practical cases. Moreover, the article assesses the environmental and economic implications for the EU of potential linkage between the world’s two largest ETSs. In response, policy suggestions are proposed to address electricity carbon leakage, differentiating leakage according to its sources.

Key policy insights

• Electricity carbon leakage in China remains a serious issue that has yet to receive sufficient attention.

• Such leakage arises from the current electricity/carbon regulatory framework in China and jeopardizes mitigation efforts.

• With the US retreat on climate efforts, evidence suggests that EU officials are looking to China and expect an expanded carbon market to reinforce EU global climate leadership.

• Given that the Chinese ETS will be twice the size of the EU ETS, a small amount of carbon leakage in China could have significant repercussions. Electricity carbon leakage should thus be considered in any future EU–China linking negotiations.

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Large-scale modes impact on Iraq climate variability     

Jasim?Al-KhalidiEmail author  Mihai?Dima  Sabina?Stefan 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):179-190

The impact of large-scale modes on Iraq climate is investigated here based on winter and spring fields of temperature and precipitation. The temperature data (1971–2010) was recorded at 8 stations whereas the precipitation fields (1981–2010) were recorded at 18 locations. Empirical orthogonal function analyses were performed in order to characterize the spatial variability of the Iraq climatological parameters. The relationships between the global sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, and geopotential height fields with the dominant modes of Iraq temperature and precipitation were also investigated. Correlation and regression maps emphasize links between Iraq climate and large-scale modes, like the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon.  相似文献   

Octoradiate Spiral Organisms in the Ediacaran of South China   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

TANG Feng  YIN Chongyu  Stefan Bengtson  LIU Pengju  WANG Ziqiang  GAO Linzhi 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(1):27-34

Shales of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of South China contain a new disc-shaped macrofossil, Eoandromeda octobrachiata, characterized by eight spiral arms that were probably housed within an outer membrane. Although the presence of eight radiating structures entails a resemblance to cnidarian octocorals as well as to ctenophores, direct homologies with these extant groups are unlikely. Instead we bring attention to the helicospiral morphology of newly reported embryos from the Doushantuo Formation, suggesting that the long-sought adults of the Ediacaran embryonic metazoans have finally been found.  相似文献   

Comment on “Lipids of marine Archaea: Patterns and provenance in the water column and sediments” by Turich et al. (2007)     

Stefan Schouten  Marcel T.J. van der Meer  Ellen C. Hopmans  Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(21):5342-5346

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