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171.
Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures (MISS) are primary sedimentary structures that arise syndepositionally from microbial community activity. Especially valuable are MISS for the analysis of early Archean (and extraterrestrial) deposits. However, most reports of MISS have focused on the Precambrian and Phanerozoic mass extinction marine sediments, and only a few and terrestrial MISS have been studied. The MISS presented in this paper, which mainly consists of mat growth feature, mat destruction feature and mat decay feature, are well preserved in terrestrial clastic rocks around the P-T boundary in Xiyang area, western Henan. Large U ridges, oriented sand quartz, mica grains and thin clayey laminae arranged parallel to bedding plane are the main features visible under the microscope. Several lines of evidence indicate that the Xingyang MISS are of biogenic origin. Abundant MISS in Xingyang may indicate the degradation of terrestrial ecosystems and proliferation of microbial mats immediately after the severe Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Study aiming at MISS helps to analyze their space distribution in the globe and to probe into links between microbial proliferation and environmental stresses following the end-Permian mass extinction in terrestrial ecosystems. 相似文献
172.
以昌都市左贡县扎玉镇为例,选用中巴地球资源二号遥感数据、数字高程模型数据和土地利用类型数据,用遥感软件提取植被指数并进行密度分割,确定植被覆盖度,并对其进行分级; 用地理信息系统软件提取坡度信息,并对坡度进行分级; 在1∶ 5 万比例尺下修正已有的土地利用类型。结果统计扎玉镇 76. 26%的土壤处于轻度及以下侵蚀状态,强烈及以上的土壤侵蚀比例达 5. 48%,土壤侵蚀剧烈的地区主要分布在耕地部分,中度侵蚀的地区主要集中在林草地部分,因此土地利用合理化以及提高植被覆盖率可以有效减小土壤侵蚀强度。 相似文献
173.
昆阳群的形成时代、沉积环境、源岩性质等一直存在较大争议,为了查明滇中地区昆阳群的物源及其形成的构造环境,文章在分析昆阳群沉积组合和沉积相的基础上,对昆阳群3件变质砂岩样品中的碎屑锆石进行LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,对昆阳群20件极低级变质碎屑岩进行地球化学分析。从昆阳群黄草岭组、黑山头组和美党组中分别获得了最年轻的谐和年龄为984.0 Ma、945.0 Ma和954.0 Ma;碎屑锆石年龄峰谱显示,在1.0 Ga、1.35Ga、1.73 Ga和2.44 Ga出现了统计峰值,其年龄主要集中在1.73 Ga和1.35 Ga。表明昆阳群源区主要经历了1.0 Ga、1.35 Ga、1.73 Ga和2.44 Ga的构造热事件,资料显示扬子地块西南缘出露的大红山群形成时代为1.7 Ga,格林威尔期的构造热事件时期为1.0~1.3 Ga。此外,地球化学分析结果表明昆阳群源岩主要是形成于大陆岛弧—活动大陆边缘的石英质旋回沉积、长英质岩石和少量镁铁质岩石。在中元古代晚期—新元古代早期(0.95~1.0 Ga),Rodinia超大陆形成阶段,在扬子地块西南缘的弧后前陆盆地中形成昆阳群的沉积组合,物源主要来自扬子地块西南缘的大红山群和格林威尔期岛弧的岩石。 相似文献
174.
贵州铜仁松桃锰矿国家整装勘查区位于扬子地块东南缘的武陵山成矿带。著名的南华纪大塘坡早期(660-667 Ma)"大塘坡式"锰矿,形成于Rodinia超大陆裂解背景下的南华裂谷盆地。近年来,项目团队在该国家整装勘查区及黔渝湘毗邻区,通过长期的产学研协同攻关,厘清了锰矿大规模成矿作用的独特地质背景和构造古地理格架,发现了新的锰矿床类型——古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床,建立锰矿裂谷盆地古天然气渗漏成矿理论和深部隐伏矿找矿预测模型,圈定了若干找矿靶区。通过该整装勘查区的实践检验,累计投入各类勘查资金6亿多元,先后新发现了松桃西溪堡(普觉)、松桃道坨、松桃高地和松桃桃子坪四个隐伏超大型锰矿床。该整装勘查区新发现的超大型锰矿床数,占全球已发现超大型锰矿床总数约三分之一。新发现的锰矿资源量,超过了2011年全国锰矿保有资源量的总和,实现了我国有史以来锰矿找矿的最大突破,且锰矿找矿潜力依然巨大。使黔东成为中国锰矿资源最丰富的地区和新的世界级锰矿资源富集区。古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床成为中国最重要的锰矿床类型,是继传统的海相沉积型、沉积变质型锰矿床类型之后,全球最重要的三大锰矿床类型之一。 相似文献
175.
针对普通凝胶抗温能力较差难以适用于高温地层堵漏作业的问题,通过设计合成抗高温凝胶主剂GN-1并运用二次交联技术,研发了新型抗高温凝胶堵漏材料。优选配方为:淡水+1.5%GN-1+0.15%地面交联剂+1%井下交联剂+0.2%抗氧化剂。通过热滚老化与高温流变测试相结合的手段对凝胶抗温能力进行评价。结果表明,该凝胶材料具有良好的热稳定性,在180 ℃下老化24 h后,7.34 s-1下剪切粘度>10000 mPa?s。大幅加重后180 ℃老化24 h仍能保持较好的粘弹性。此外还考察了不同温度和pH值下的成胶性能以及与聚磺钻井液体系的配伍性,为抗高温凝胶堵漏材料在现场的应用奠定基础。 相似文献
176.
177.
Hourly sea surface temperature(SST) observations from the geostationary satellite are increasingly used in studies of the diurnal warming of the surface oceans. The aim of this study is to derive the spatial and temporal distribution of diurnal warming in the China seas and northwestern Pacific Ocean from Multi-functional Transport Satellite(MTSAT) SST. The MTSAT SST is validated against drifting buoy measurements firstly. It shows mean biases is about –0.2°C and standard deviation is about 0.6°C comparable to other satellite SST accuracy. The results show that the tropics, mid-latitudes controlled by subtropical high and marginal seas are frequently affected by large diurnal warming. The Kuroshio and its extension regions are smaller compared with the surrounding regions. A clear seasonal signal, peaking at spring and summer can be seen from the long time series of diurnal warming in the domain in average. It may due to large insolation and low wind speed in spring and summer, while the winter being the opposite. Surface wind speed modulates the amplitude of the diurnal cycle by influencing the surface heat flux and by determining the momentum flux. For the shallow marginal seas, such as the East China Sea, turbidity would be another important factor promoting diurnal warming. It suggests the need for the diurnal variation to be considered in SST measurement, air-sea flux estimation and multiple sensors SST blending. 相似文献
178.
Recent studies have suggested that large rivers play important roles in mobilizing and transporting black carbon (BC) from land to the ocean. However, the influence of the Changjiang and Huanghe, the two largest rivers in China, on the fate of BC has not been determined. In this paper, we present measurements of BC in both the dissolved and particulate phases in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers and in the coastal waters of the East China Sea (ECS). Our results show that dissolved black carbon (DBC) accounted for 3.0 ± 0.4 % and 4.8 ± 3.6 % of the total DOC pool in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers and 3.4 ± 0.6 % of the DOC pool in the coast of the ECS. In addition, particulate black carbon (PBC) accounted for 13 ± 0.9 % and 22 ± 11 % of the POC pool in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, respectively. We calculate that the Changjiang and Huanghe transported 4.7 × 1010 gC and 1.7 × 109 gC of DBC, and 2.0 × 1011 gC and 1.2 × 1010 gC of PBC to the ECS and Bohai Sea in 2015. The large amounts of BC transported by the two rivers represent a major sink of anthropogenically derived organic carbon and could have a significant impact on the ecosystem and carbon cycling in China’s marginal seas. 相似文献
179.
Scapharca broughtonii is a commercially important and over-exploited species. In order to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure, 43 novel polymorphic microsatellites were isolated and characterized. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 22 with an average of 6.93, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.233 and 1.000, and 0.250 and 0.953, with an average of 0.614 and 0.707, respectively. Three highly informative multiplex PCRs were developed from nine of those microsatellites for S. broughtonii. We evaluated and validated these multiplex PCRs in 8 full-sib families. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.539. The frequency of null alleles was estimated as 3.13% of all the alleles segregation based on a within-family analysis of Mendelian segregation patterns. Parentage analysis of real offspring demonstrated that 100% of all offspring were unambiguously allocated to a pair of parents based on 3 multiplex sets. Those 43 microsatellite loci with high variability will be helpful for the analysis of population genetics and conservation of wild stock of S. broughtonii. The 3 sets of multiplex PCRs could be an important tool of pedigree reconstruction, population genetic analysis and brood stock management. 相似文献
180.
An Investigation of Digestion Methods for Trace Elements in Bauxite and Their Determination in Ten Bauxite Reference Materials Using Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry
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Wen Zhang Liang Qi Zhaochu Hu Cunjiang Zheng Yongsheng Liu Haihong Chen Shan Gao Shenghong Hu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(2):195-216
Trace elements from samples of bauxite deposits can provide useful information relevant to the exploration of the ore‐forming process. Sample digestion is a fundamental and critical stage in the process of geochemical analysis, which enables the acquisition of accurate trace element data by ICP‐MS. However, the conventional bomb digestion method with HF/HNO3 results in a significant loss of rare earth elements (REEs) due to the formation of insoluble AlF3 precipitates during the digestion of bauxite samples. In this study, the digestion capability of the following methods was investigated: (a) ‘Mg‐addition’ bomb digestion, (b) NH4HF2 open vessel digestion and (c) NH4F open vessel digestion. ‘Mg‐addition’ bomb digestion can effectively suppress the formation of AlF3 and simultaneously ensure the complete decomposition of resistant minerals in bauxite samples. The addition of MgO to the bauxite samples resulted in (Mg + Ca)/Al ratios ≥ 1. However, adding a large amount of MgO leads to significant blank contamination for some transition elements (V, Cr, Ni and Zn). The NH4HF2 or NH4F open vessel digestion methods can also completely digest resistant minerals in bauxite samples in a short period of time (5 hr). Unlike conventional bomb digestion with HF/HNO3, the white precipitates and the semi‐transparent gels present in the NH4HF2 and NH4F digestion methods could be efficiently dissolved by evaporation with HClO4. Based on these three optimised digestion methods, thirty‐seven trace elements including REEs in ten bauxite reference materials (RMs) were determined by ICP‐MS. The data obtained showed excellent inter‐method reproducibility (agreement within 5% for REEs). The relative standard deviation (% RSD) for most elements was < 6%. The concentrations of trace elements in the ten bauxite RMs showed agreement with the limited certified (Li, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Zr and Pb) and information values (Co, Ba, Ce and Hf) available. New trace element data for the ten RMs are provided, some of which for the first time. 相似文献