2019年6月17日四川长宁6.0级地震中心震源机制解及震源区构造应力场研究     

刘敬光  万永革  黄志斌  李振月  胡晓辉  李泽潇 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):677-685

不同资料和方法给出的2019年6月17日四川长宁6.0级地震震源机制解存在较大差异,为了找到1个合适的震源机制解来研究此次地震的发震方式,通过数学方法得到了与现有震源机制解差别最小的中心震源机制解,节面I的走向、倾角、滑动角分别为194.78°、52.68°和139.16°,节面Ⅱ的走向、倾角、滑动角分别为312.44°、58.67°和45.22°,根据本次地震余震分布拟合得到的断层面的走向为312.17°,与中心震源机制的节面Ⅱ走向一致,因而推断节面Ⅱ为本次地震的发震断层面。之后,利用此次地震之前震源区地震的震源机制解,反演了震源区的震前构造应力场。结果表明,长宁6.0级地震的中心震源机制解和震源区震前应力场均为逆冲型为主兼走滑分量的类型,震前应力场压轴为NWW—SEE向,中间轴为NNE—SSW向,两轴倾角接近水平,而张轴较陡,表现为逆冲型的应力场。将反演得到的应力场投影到中心震源机制解给出的与余震分布一致的节面上,发现中心震源机制解的滑动角和应力场预测的滑动角差别仅为13.45°,表明此次地震受背景应力场控制而发生在先存的薄弱面上。  相似文献   

Review of Chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years: Synoptic meteorology     

Meng  Zhiyong  Zhang  Fuqing  Luo  Dehai  Tan  Zhemin  Fang  Juan  Sun  Jianhua  Shen  Xueshun  Zhang  Yunji  Wang  Shuguang  Han  Wei  Zhao  Kun  Zhu  Lei  Hu  Yongyun  Xue  Huiwen  Ma  Yaping  Zhang  Lijuan  Nie  Ji  Zhou  Ruilin  Li  Sa  Liu  Hongjun  Zhu  Yuning 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):1946-1991

Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface during a short period of time.The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales.Weather is closely related to people's life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and operation.The development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical models.In China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950 s.Up to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation systembased on ground,air and space has been established.In particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather systems.The development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and simulation.In the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical models.Lately,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property rights.Based on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been obtained.Synoptic meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and frontier topic in atmospheric science.This paper reviews the important scientific and technological achievements made in China over the past 70 years in the fields of synoptic meteorology based on the literatures in China and abroad,from six aspects respectively including atmospheric dynamics,synoptic-scale weather,typhoon and tropical weather,severe convective weather,numerical weather prediction and data assimilation,weather and climate,atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment.  相似文献   

Geomorphic evolution of the Qingshuigou channel of the Yellow River Delta in response to changing water and sediment regimes and human interventions     

Shasha Han  Stephen Rice  Guangming Tan  Kairong Wang  Shan Zheng 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(10):2350-2364

Delta channels are important landforms at the interface of sediment transfer from terrestrial to oceanic realms and affect large, and often vulnerable, human populations. Understanding these dynamics is pressing because delta processes are sensitive to climate change and human activity via adjustments in, for example, mean sea level and water/sediment regimes. Data collected over a 40-year period along a 110-km distributary channel of the Yellow River Delta offer an ideal opportunity to investigate morphological responses to changing water and sediment regimes and intensive human activity. Complementary data from the delta front provide an opportunity to explore the interaction between delta channel geomorphology and delta-front erosion–accretion patterns. Cross-section dimensions and shape, longitudinal gradation and a sediment budget are used to quantify spatial and temporal morphological change along the Qingshuigou channel. Distinctive periods of channel change are identified, and analysis provides a detailed understanding of the temporal and spatial adjustments of the channel to specific human interventions, including two artificial channel diversions and changes in water and sediment supply driven by river management, and downstream delta-front development. Adjustments to the diversions included a short-lived period of erosion upstream and significant erosion in the newly activated channel, which progressed downstream. Channel geomorphology widened and deepened during periods when management increased water yield and decreased sediment supply, and narrowed and shallowed during periods when management reduced water yield and the sediment load. Changes along the channel are driven by both upstream and downstream forcing. Finally, there is some evidence that changing delta-front erosion–accretion patterns played an important role in the geomorphic evolution of the deltaic channel; an area that requires further investigation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Sedimentary Facies,Provenance and Geochronology of the Heshangzhen Group: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Jiangnan Orogen,South China     

ZHOU Xiaohu  HU Xiumian  JIANG Ren  GAO Tianshan  MA Xue  XING Guangfu  SUN Gaoyuan  SHU Xujie  ZHAO Xilin 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(4):1138-1158

The Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogen plays an important role in the study of the Precambrian tectonic evolution of South China. The tectonic nature of the Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins is still controversial, due to poor understanding of the sedimentary sequences and the lack of geochronological data. Here, we present sedimentological, provenance and geochronological data from the Heshangzhen Group in the eastern Jiangnan orogen. Sedimentological analysis shows that the Luojiamen Formation was deposited in a submarine fan, and the overlying Hongchicun Formation was deposited in front of a fan delta. The youngest detrital zircons constrain the lower Luojiamen and Hongchicun formations with ages of 827.3 ± 8.4 Ma and 825 ± 12 Ma, respectively. The sandstones of the Luojiamen Formation are characterized by a large number of intermediate to felsic volcanic grains, suggesting a volcanic arc source. In contrast, quartz and sedimentary lithic grains increase in the Hongchicun Formation, showing a new input from a collisional orogenic source. Detrital zircon from six sandstone samples in the Luojiamen and Hongchicun formations yield similar age spectra of 930–820 Ma with a peak at ca. 845–860 Ma, with one main cluster at 930–820 Ma. Detrital zircons of 930–845 Ma show a positive value of εHf(t)(+2.4 to +11, mean +7.6), which is similar to the volcanic arc of the nearby Shuangxiwu Group. There are a minor group of zircons with U-Pb ages ranging from 820 Ma to 845 Ma from the middle part of the Luojiamen Formation and Hongchicun Formation, with εHf(t) values between-20 to +2.4, which are consistent with the characteristics of the Shuangqiaoshan Group. within light of the bidirectional paleocurrents in the Luojiamen Formation, it is speculated that the zircons of 820–845 Ma were recycled from the Shuangqiaoshan Group, which is derived from a continental arc to the northwest. Our data suggests that the Luojiamen Formation was formed in an inter-arc basin, while the Hongchicun Formation was formed in an accretionary wedge-top basin. When juxtaposed with the conglomeratic characteristics at the bottom of the Luojiamen Formation, it is believed that the unconformity represented by the ‘Shen Gong Movement' reflects the rapid erosion and accumulation process of island arc volcanic material. The disconformity between the Luojiamen and Hongchicun formations is the imprint of transition from inter-arc basin to accretionary wedge-top basin,which represents the collision between the Shuangxiwu arc and the Yangtze Plate.  相似文献   

赣北大湖塘平苗矿段白云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义     

余振东  项新葵  谭荣  孙德明  张斯 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1505-1517

赣北大湖塘钨铜多金属矿集区位于扬子板块东南缘、江南造山带中段,是近年来查明的世界级钨矿产地之一。对大湖塘平苗矿段中粗粒白云母花岗岩进行了岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成矿作用的研究,结果表明,此花岗岩内白云母显示原生白云母的特性,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（145.7±0.6）Ma,与区内细粒黑云母花岗岩测试年龄相近,系同源岩浆演化结晶分异的结果,为燕山期多期次岩浆侵入的第二阶段。燕山期岩石单元先后有似斑状黑（二）云母花岗岩→细粒黑云母花岗岩、白云母花岗岩→花岗斑岩,白云母花岗岩是区内重要的成矿地质体之一。地球化学研究表明,该白云母花岗岩为高分异S型花岗岩,具有高硅（w（SiO₂）=73.14%~74.19%）、富碱、过铝质的特征及较高的分异指数,轻重稀土分馏明显,呈左高右低的深V型,Eu表现为强烈的亏损,存在REE四分组效应,Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba的平均值分别为151.81和245.21,表明岩浆是经历多阶段分离结晶、高度分异的结果。  相似文献   

四川盆地区域性雾的客观化预报     

陈茂强  黄廷婷  谭友邦 《高原山地气象研究》2005,25(4)

通过对1991～2000年四川省2～4月雾的气候特征进行分析研究,在掌握其变化特点、规律以及成因的基础之上,进行预报因子的筛选,结合实况气象资料和数值预报产品,通过最优子集回归计算建立了四川雾站数预报的方程.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地顺北区块二叠系井漏复杂的分析及对策          下载免费PDF全文

董小虎  李银婷 《探矿工程》2020,47(2):59-62

顺北区块钻井项目施工中,二叠系的井漏复杂情况较多,漏失量大,易发生再次或多次漏失,严重时导致井壁垮塌掉块卡钻,致使井下复杂情况高发,给钻井工程带来损失,影响了该区块的勘探开发速度。二叠系火成岩发育,地层裂缝发育,地层破裂,钻井时井下复杂主要表现为漏失。针对此问题开展了顺北地区二叠系井漏复杂分析,结合顺北区块施工项目的实际情况以及二叠系地层特点,分析了该区块的二叠系钻进难点,总结了随钻堵漏技术具体的施工措施和不同漏速下的堵漏方案.经过实践验证,该综合防漏堵漏对策能有效减少井漏复杂,提高堵漏效率。  相似文献   

大规模GPS揭示的华北地区现今垂直运动     

赵斌  聂兆生  黄勇  王伟  张彩红  谭凯  杜瑞林 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(5):35-39

对华北地区1999年以来的大规模GPS流动站、连续站观测资料采用最新的数据处理策略进行统一处理,获得364个测站的有效垂直运动速度场。结果显示,该区域垂直形变有升有降,总体上与地貌相关：山西高原、燕山及苏鲁带以隆升为主,而华北平原由于开采地下水造成大面积下沉。通过对垂直运动场进行区域平均分析,得到山西高原平均上升速率为1.8 mm/a,苏鲁造山带及燕山地区上升速率不显著。华北平原的垂直运动主要以沉陷为主,最大下沉速率达144.0 mm/a,平均为40.0 mm/a。大规模GPS垂直运动特征显示,华北地区现今垂直运动是新构造运动的继承,并叠加有人为造成的地面沉降。  相似文献   

南京市呼吸道疾病时间序列模型的建立与分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

米娜谈建国  姚克敏关宏强 《气象科技》2005,33(6):554-558

利用1990～2000年南京市支气管哮喘与感冒逐月就诊人数病例资料和同期国家气象中心资料室的月平均压、温、湿等资料,讨论了2种疾病发病人数的月际和年际变化规律,分别建立了包含气象因子的预报2种疾病逐月就诊人数的条件异方差和动态回归模型。南京地区支气管哮喘就诊人数高峰期出现在春末与秋季,逐年的就诊人数呈现上升趋势,其发病与当月月平均气压、上一个月月平均温度有关。感冒就诊人数高峰期出现在夏秋季,其发病与月平均最低温度和月极端最低温度有关。将模型应用于2种疾病逐月就诊人数的等级预报中,其预报等级准确率分别达75．0％和66．7％,表明此建模方案是可行的,此类模型有一定的使用价值。  相似文献   

近10年我国医疗气象学研究现状及其展望   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

谈建国  郑有飞 《气象科技》2005,33(6):550-553558

综述了近10年来国内有关医疗气象的研究,特别是介绍了前人在常见病（循环系统、消化系统和呼吸系统疾病）、传染病以及各种生物性病原（疾病媒介物、寄生虫、真菌、细菌等）与气象条件关系研究,未来气候变化对人体健康的可能影响以及气象部门在医疗气象方面的预报和服务,并对今后医疗气象的研究方向进行了展望。指出应进一步加强医疗与气象两个学科的全国性协作研究。研究各种气象因素对人体生理、病理及精神状态的影响和气候变化对人类健康的影响,加强气象灾害与疾病的关系及灾后防御措施的研究。  相似文献