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31.
A fluidized landslide on a natural slope by artificial rainfall 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
Hirotaka?Ochiai Yasuhiko?OkadaEmail author Gen?Furuya Yoichi?Okura Takuro?Matsui Toshiaki?Sammori Tomomi?Terajima Kyoji?Sassa 《Landslides》2004,1(3):211-219
An experiment to induce a fluidized landslide by artificial rainfall was conducted on a natural slope at Mt. Kaba-san in the village of Yamato, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. The experimental slope was 30 m long, 5 m wide, and the average slope gradient was 33°. A landslide initiated 24,627.5 s (410 m/27.5 s) after the start of sprinkling at a rainfall intensity of 78 mm/h. The landslide mass was 14 m long and 1.2 m deep (at maximum). It first slid, then fluidized, and changed into a debris flow. The travel distance was up to 50 m in 17s. The apparent friction angle of the fluidized landslide was 16.7°. Formation of the sliding surface was detected by soil-strain probes. Motion of the surface of the failed landslide mass was determined by stereo photogrammetry. 相似文献
32.
Taku Tsuchiya Takamitsu Yamanaka Masanori Matsui 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1998,25(2):94-100
A two-body interatomic potential model for GeO2 polymorphs has been determined to simulate the structure change of them by semi-empirical procedure, total lattice energy
minimization of GeO2 polymorphs. Based on this potential, two polymorphs of GeO2; α-quartz-type and rutile-type, have been reproduced using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. Crystal structures, bulk moduli, volume thermal expansion coefficients and enthalpies of these
polymorphs of GeO2 were simulated. In spite of the simple form of the potential, these simulated structural values, bulk moduli and thermal
expansivities are in excellent agreement with the reliable experimental data in respect to both polymorphs. Using this potential,
MD simulation was further used to study the structural changes of GeO2 under high pressure. We have investigated the pressure-induced amorphization. As reported in previous experimental studies,
quartz-type GeO2 undergoes pressure-induced crystalline-to-amorphous transformation at room temperature, the same as other quartz compounds;
SiO2, AlPO4. Under hydrostatic compression, in this study, α-quartz-type GeO2 transformed to a denser amorphous state at 7.4 GPa with change of the packing of oxygen ions and increase of germanium coordination.
At higher pressure still, rutile-type GeO2 transformed to a new phase of CaCl2-type structure as a post-rutile candidate.
Received: 29 July 1996 / Revised, accepted: 30 April 1997 相似文献
33.
The structural and elastic properties of the ilmenite and perovskite phases of MgSiO3 are investigated with a computational model based on energy minimization. The potential energies of these two crystals are approximated by the sum of Coulomb, van der Waals, and repulsion terms between atoms. Required energy parameters are derived by fitting the parameters to the observed crystal structures of these two phases as well as to the measured elastic constants of the ilmenite phase. The resulting potential model is applied to predicting the elastic constants of the perovskite phase. The calculated bulk modulus of the perovskite phase compares favorably with the data obtained from volume-compression experiments as well as the values estimated from empirical elasticity systematics of perovskite type compounds. The predicted shear modulus of the perovskite phase is also in reasonable agreement with the values proposed from similar empirical elasticity systematics. Subsequently, the model is used to simulate the high pressure behaviors of the crystal structures and elastic constants of these two phases. 相似文献
34.
Using a Fizeau interferometry technique, we have measured the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of single-crystal forsterite (Mg2SiO4) along three axial directions to 1023 K during heating and cooling cycles. Overall, the present data are consistent in magnitude (within 1 to 2%) with those previously reported but have less scatter. We used the Grüneisen statistical mechanical approach in analzying the data. The least-squares method was applied to evaluate thermal parameters (?, Q 0, k and a) in two cases. The expansion coefficients in wider temperature ranges were extrapolated by using the parameters of solution 2 (i.e., solution by fixing ? and k). In contrast to earlier findings, our results show that for forsterite the Grüneisen parameter decreases with temperature, implying that it does not behave too differently from fayalite (Fe2SiO4) and periclase (MgO). 相似文献
35.
36.
Varghese Swamy Leonid S. Dubrovinsky Masanori Matsui 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1997,24(6):440-446
We investigated the lattice vibrational properties and lattice dynamical behaviour of diopside by combining laser micro-Raman spectroscopic measurements with quasi-harmonic lattice dynamic simulation using a transferable interatomic potential. We obtained polarized Raman spectra from a Fe-poor natural diopside and the temperature dependencies of the Raman modes to 1125?K from high-temperature Raman spectra of a Fe-poor and a Fe-rich natural diopside. The various modes display different temperature dependencies: from ?0.021?cm?1/K to ?0.004?cm?1/K. The temperature shift of low frequency modes is generally higher. A comparison of experimentally determined frequencies and symmetries of vibrational modes of the optical type (Raman and infrared) obtained in this and earlier studies with those calculated by us suggests that a consistent characterization of the vibrational properties was achieved. The good agreement between the experimental and simulated data on the temperature-dpendencies of the Raman modes (within 5%), crystal structure (2%), bulk modulus (5%), volume thermal expansivity (6%), and constant volume heat capacity (0.2%) testifies to the applicability of the transferable interatomic potential and the lattice dynamic model to predicting the vibrational, physical, and thermodynamic properties. The simulated properties from the lattice dynamic calculations are very similar to those obtained by molecular dynamic calculations with the same potential model. 相似文献
37.
Evolution and effect of the stress concentration and rock failure in the deep multi-seam coal mining 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mingwei Zhang Hideki Shimada Takashi Sasaoka Kikuo Matsui Linming Dou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(3):629-643
Supports crushing accident occasionally occurs in the protected seam exploitation of deep multi-seam coal mining structure and results in adverse effect to the production. To prevent its recurrence in a newly developed working field, a 3D numerical extraction model was built based on the geologic and mining conditions of Jining coal mine to evolve the changes, state and characteristics of the reconstructed vertical and lateral stress in rock interlayer after protective seam exploitation. Stress release and increase zones of this mining structure were separated. Mining-induced localized stress concentration and the interlayer rock failure behavior were explored. The action of concentrated stress on the hydraulic supports in protected seam was discussed upon the major stress redistribution. Using the infinitesimal strain method, a mechanical model was created to further explore, from the vertical and lateral directions, the cause and mechanism of localized stress concentration and rock failure behavior in rock interlayer. The field investigation was finally performed to verify the numerical and mechanical results, and the essential control measures were proposed to prevent this accident. Key findings of this study bring some new insights into the deep multi-seam coal extraction and help to promote a more reliable underground mining. 相似文献
38.
Nobuo Sugimoto Yukari Hara Atsushi Shimizu Tomoaki Nishizawa Ichiro Matsui Masataka Nishikawa 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(1):27-39
The Asian dust events in 2008 (May 24–June 4 in 2008) and in 2009 (March 12–25, October 13–26, and December 15–28 in 2009) were analyzed with the lidar network observations, surface observations in China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia, and with the chemical transport model CFORS. Transport of Asian dust and mixing of dust with air pollution aerosols were studied. The event of May 24 to June 4 in 2008 was a significant event unusually late in the spring dust season. The dust event of March 12–25, 2009 was an interesting example of elevated dust layer, and transport of dust from the elevated dust layer to the ground by the boundary layer activity was observed with the lidars and surface observations in Japan. The concentration of air pollution aerosols was relatively high during the dust event, and the results suggest that vertical structure as well as transport path is important for the mixing of dust and air pollution aerosols. The dust events in October and December 2009 were examples of dust events in autumn and winter. The online mode CFORS reproduced the observation data generally well, except for the event of May 24 to June 4 in 2008. The results of the fourdimensional variational assimilation of the lidar network data reproduced the dust concentration in Korea and Japan reasonably in that event. 相似文献
39.
Hideki Shimada Yanlong Chen Koichi Araki Takashi Sasaoka Kikuo Matsui 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(2):289-297
Based on experimental and numerical investigations, the present paper focuses on under ground scope (UGS) chemical grouting
method that can actually improve the pipeline surrounding foundation to solve pipeline saggy damage. According to the experimental
results, a solution-type injection material could make lager soil deformation, using less total slurry amount than suspension-type
injection material. Therefore, a suspension-type injection material with shorter gel time is more suitable for the UGS method,
making it more effective to reinforce the pipeline foundation and restore pipelines. The results of some patterns of injection
tests revealed relationship between the behavior of the grouting material and the deformation of the soil. It is found that
the material can be injected into a foundation by fracture grouting if the permeation coefficient is lower than 1.00 × 10−3 mm/s. The situation was analyzed by using 2-D finite element method analysis software Phase2, and the analysis result proposes
that the real data and simulation data are nearly the same in impermeable soil. Furthermore, even if the construction object
is permeable soil, it can also be become impermeable soil by two phases grouting: soil improvement grouting and restoration
grouting. 相似文献
40.
Hiroshi Yamamoto Natsumi Nakamori Masaru Terabayashi Hafiz Ur Rehman Masahiro Ishikawa Yoshiyuki Kaneko Takashi Matsui 《Island Arc》2010,19(3):458-469
Geological observations in the Horoman area, south‐central Hokkaido, show that the Horoman peridotite complex of the Hidaka metamorphic belt is a tectonic slice about 1200 m thick. The peridotite slab is intercalated into a gently east‐dipping structure. The underlying unit is a Cretaceous–Paleogene accretionary complex. Riedel shear planes in the sedimentary layers of the accretionary complex near the structural bottom of the peridotite slab indicate top‐to‐the‐west (thrust) displacement. The overlying unit is composed of felsic–pelitic gneisses and mafic–felsic intrusive rocks (the Hidaka metamorphic rocks). The boundary surface between the peridotite complex and metamorphic rocks forms a domal structure. Microstructures of sheared metamorphic rocks near the structural top of the peridotite slab indicate top‐to‐the‐east (normal) displacement. The results combined with previous studies suggest that the Horoman peridotite complex was emplaced onto the Asian margin (Northeast Japan) during the collision between the Asian margin and the Hidaka crustal block. 相似文献