The ecology of hazardousness,the experience of South America     

Theo L. Hills Dr. 《GeoJournal》1982,6(2):151-156

In many parts of South America, the socio-economic condition of the population is such that in many respects the people, because of their vulnerable state, are a disaster waiting to occur. The triggering action of the disaster will be an extreme physical or biophysical event. If any advance is to be made in natural hazard management, then the focus must be upon people first. Halt the process of underdevelopment in South American societies and you have taken a major step forward in natural hazard management. The major concern of this paper is not so much with the competition for first place in hazard proneness in South America, but rather the elaboration of the total ecology of what we commonly designate as disasters, which ordinarily occur at the interface of extreme natural phenomena and vulnerable settlement patterns, and which should be seen, as the extreme situation which is implicit in the everyday condition of the population. Vulnerability is the key concept in this relationship. South American nations vary greatly in their hazard proneness, in the vulnerability of sectors in their societies, in the losses and general repercussions of hazardous events, and in their ability to cope effectively with the post-disaster situation, either alone or with international aid.  相似文献   

The earth's dynamic systems: W.K. Hamblin, 1974. Burgess,Minneapolis, Minn., 578 pp., U.S. $14.95     

Theo Gibb 《Earth》1975,11(4):372-373

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Towards a new concept of the tectogenesis of the Pyrenees     

Theo Engeser  Wolfgang Schwentke 《Tectonophysics》1986,129(1-4)

Crustal structures of the Central and Eastern Pyrenees are compared with those of the Alps and Carpathians. By analogy, northward subduction/underthrusting in the Central and Eastern Pyrenees is proposed. Southward subduction/underthrusting is found along the North Iberian margin and Western Pyrenees. Hence, a flip—a change in the direction of subduction/underthrusting—is postulated between the Central and Western Pyrenees.  相似文献   

Bayesian Deep Learning for Spatial Interpolation in the Presence of Auxiliary Information     

Kirkwood  Charlie  Economou  Theo  Pugeault  Nicolas  Odbert  Henry 《Mathematical Geosciences》2022,54(3):507-531

Mathematical Geosciences - Earth scientists increasingly deal with ‘big data’. For spatial interpolation tasks, variants of kriging have long been regarded as the established...  相似文献   

The effect of gauge length on axially incident P‐waves measured using fibre optic distributed vibration sensing          下载免费PDF全文

Timothy Dean  Theo Cuny  Arthur H. Hartog 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(1):184-193

Distributed vibration sensing, also known as distributed acoustic sensing, is a relatively new method for recording vertical seismic profile data using a fibre optic cable as the sensor. The signal obtained from such systems is a distributed measurement over a length of fibre referred to as the gauge length. In this paper, we show that gauge length selection is one of the most important acquisition parameters for a distributed vibration sensing survey. If the gauge length is too small, then the signal‐to‐noise ratio will be poor. If the gauge length is too large, resolution will be reduced and the shape of the wavelet will be distorted. The optimum gauge length, as derived here, is a function of the velocity and frequencies of the seismic waves being measured. If these attributes vary considerably over the depth of a survey, then the use of different gauge lengths is recommended. The significant increases in data quality resulting from the use of multiple gauge length values are demonstrated using field data.  相似文献   

Dark clasts in the Khor Temiki aubrite: Not basalts     

Horton E. Newsom  Theo Ntaflos  Klaus Keil 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1996,31(1):146-151

Abstract— The enstatite achondrite meteorites (aubrites) are ultramafic assemblages with highly variable bulk rare earth element (REE) compositions. An enrichment of REE in a dark clast from the Khor Temiki aubrite led Wolf et al. (1983) to suggest that such dark clasts could be the basaltic (i.e., enstatite-plagioclase) complements to the ultramafic aubrites, with the relatively high REE contents resulting from the presence of plagioclase, which is a common carrier of the REEs. We have studied several dark clasts from the Khor Temiki aubrite and find no evidence for a basaltic character for such material. The microscopic character of the dark clasts is not significantly different from the main portions of Khor Temiki and consists either of highly brecciated material, containing a fine-grained matrix, or of enstatite grains with abundant inclusions. We suggest that the dark clasts are shock-darkened, heterogeneous Khor Temiki material that, by chance, contained variable trace contents of oldhamite (CaS), which has been shown to be a major carrier of REE in aubrites. We find that the REE contents of the clasts range from 0.1 to ～20× CI. Most have negative Eu anomalies, but one has a small positive anomaly. Extensive searches have failed to identify basaltic material in Khor Temiki and other aubrites. The absence of basaltic material is consistent with, but does not prove, the model of Wilson and Keil (1991). They calculate that, on an asteroidal parent body < ～100 km in radius, a volatile-rich basaltic partial melt erupted with a velocity greater than the escape velocity of the asteroid and, thus, was lost into space ～ 4.55 Ga ago.  相似文献   

Community collaboration and climate change research in the Canadian Arctic     

Tristan D. Pearce  James D. Ford  Gita J. Laidler  Barry Smit  Frank Duerden  Mishak Allarut  Mark Andrachuk  Steven Baryluk  rew Dialla  Pootoogoo Elee  Annie Goose  Theo Ikummaq  Eric Joamie  Fred Kataoyak  Eric Loring  Stephanie Meakin  Scott Nickels  Kip Shappa  Jamal Shirley  & Johanna Wandel 《Polar research》2009,28(1):10-27

Research on climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation, particularly projects aiming to contribute to practical adaptation initiatives, requires active involvement and collaboration with community members and local, regional and national organizations that use this research for policy-making. Arctic communities are already experiencing and adapting to environmental and socio-cultural changes, and researchers have a practical and ethical responsibility to engage with communities that are the focus of the research. This paper draws on the experiences of researchers working with communities across the Canadian Arctic, together with the expertise of Inuit organizations, Northern research institutes and community partners, to outline key considerations for effectively engaging Arctic communities in collaborative research. These considerations include: initiating early and ongoing communication with communities, and regional and national contacts; involving communities in research design and development; facilitating opportunities for local employment; and disseminating research findings. Examples of each consideration are drawn from climate change research conducted with communities in the Canadian Arctic.  相似文献   

Challenges to calibration: Facing an increasingly critical environment     

Olsthoorn TN  Kamps PT 《Ground water》2006,44(6):876-879

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Understanding activity scheduling and rescheduling behaviour: Theory and numerical illustration     

Chang-Hyeon Joh  Theo A. Arentze  Harry J.P. Timmermans 《GeoJournal》2001,53(4):359-371

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Atmospheric measurements during Polarstern cruise ANT VII/1, 54° N to 32° S: An overview     

U. Platt  J. Rudolph  T. Brauers  G. W. Harris 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,15(3-4):203-214

A comprehensive set of trace gas concentrations and meteorological parameters were measured simultaneously during a cruise of the research vessel Polarstern from Bremerhaven (54° N, 8° E) to Rio Grande (32° S, 52° W) during the period from 15 September to 9 October 1988. This paper describes the general features of the cruise and summarizes the measurements made, the techniques employed, and the placement of the instruments on board the ship. The synoptic data base is used to characterize the nature and possible origins of the air masses encountered during the cruise and to draw some general conclusions from the measurements.  相似文献