水流冲刷过程中河岸崩塌问题研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

沈婷  李国英  张幸农 《岩土力学》2005,26(Z1):260-263

采用土工数值分析方法,对水流冲刷过程中的河岸崩塌问题进行了分析。分析了水流冲刷引起的河岸后退距离及后退过程中坡内的渗流情况与坡体的稳定性;探讨了水流冲刷过程中岸坡崩塌的发生机理;指出了坡内的渗流作用与坡前水流的冲刷作用是岸坡发生崩塌的主要动力因素,而岸坡土体的物质组成和分布、岸坡坡度等则是岸坡发生崩塌的主要内在因素;并提出了相应的工程防护措施。  相似文献   

箱形隧道基坑下已建地铁盾构隧道隆起位移的控制分析与设计   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

杨挺  王心联  许琼鹤  王义 《岩土力学》2005,26(Z1):187-192

结合南京火车站站前广场龙蟠路隧道（南侧）西段上跨已建成的地铁1号线双线盾构隧道时的基坑支护工程,采用排桩与桩板支护法有效地解决了基坑开挖中盾构隧道隆起位移控制的难题。并就箱形隧道基坑下已建地铁盾构隧道隆起位移的控制分析计算、排桩与桩板支护设计及施工方法、施工中的位移监控量测结果作了较详细地分析论述。  相似文献   

Integration of remotely sensed C factor into SWAT for modelling sediment yield     

Xianfeng Song  Zheng Duan  Yasuyuki Kono  Mingyu Wang 《水文研究》2011,25(22):3387-3398

The C factor, representing the impact of plant and ground cover on soil loss, is one of the important factors of the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model sediment yield. The daily update of C factors in SWAT was originally determined by land use types and plant growth cycles. This does not reflect the spatial variation of C values that exists within a large land use area. We present a new approach to integrate remotely sensed C factors into SWAT for highlighting the effect of detailed vegetative cover data on soil erosion and sediment yield. First, the C factor was estimated using the abundance of ground components extracted from remote sensing images. Then, the gridding data of the C factor were aggregated to hydrological response units (HRUs), instead of to land use units of SWAT. In the end, the C factor values in HRUs were integrated into SWAT to predict sediment yield by modifying the ysed subroutine. This substitution work not only increases the spatial variation of the C factor in SWAT, but also makes it possible to utilize other sources of C databases rather than those from the United States. The demonstration in the Dage basin shows that the modified SWAT produces reasonable results in water flow simulation and sediment yield prediction using remotely sensed C values. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (E_NS) and R² for surface runoff range from 0·69 to 0·77 and 0·73 to 0·87, respectively. The coefficients E_NS and R² for sediment yield were generally above 0·70 and 0·60, respectively. The soil erosion risk map based on sediment yield prediction at the HRU level illustrates instructive details on spatial distribution of soil loss. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The impact of the South–North Water Transfer Project (CTP)'s central route on groundwater table in the Hai River basin,North China          下载免费PDF全文

Aizhong Ye  Qingyun Duan  Wei Chu  Jing Xu  Yuna Mao 《水文研究》2014,28(23):5755-5768

The central route of the South–North Water Transfer Project (CTP) is designed to divert approximately 9.5 billion m³ of water per year from the Han River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River, to the Hai River basin in the north China. The main purpose of this study is to assess the impact of CTP on groundwater table in the Hai River basin. Our study features a large‐scale distributed hydrological model that couples a physically based groundwater module, which is sub‐basin‐based, with a conceptual surface water module, which is grid‐based. There are several grids in each sub‐basin and water exchange among grid that are considered. Our model couples surface water module and groundwater module and calculates human water use at the same time. The simulation results indicate that even with the water supply by CTP, the groundwater table will continue to decline in the Hai River basin. However, the CTP water can evidently reduce the decline rate, helping alleviate groundwater overexploitation in Hai River region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

风观测对障碍物距离要求的定量评估     

田东霞  郭建侠  关彦华  陈挺  薛筝筝 《高原气象》2015,(3):870-880

为定量评估气象站风观测对障碍物的距离要求,通过流体力学模式(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)对单体建筑物进行了敏感性试验分析,并用河北沽源构筑物观测试验对模拟结果进行了验证。结果表明:(1)按照来流风速90%进行风速影响范围评估,障碍物对风速的影响距离为迎风面上3倍建筑物高度,背风面为28.5倍建筑物高度;按风向偏差10°进行风向影响范围评估时,障碍物对风向的影响距离为迎风面1.4倍建筑物高度,背风面为6.8倍建筑物高度,侧风向为2.8倍建筑物高度,垂直方向上为4倍建筑物高度。(2)对来流风速、建筑物厚度、建筑物高度、建筑物视宽角、来流风向的敏感性分析表明,10 m风速、风向测量对障碍物距高比的要求随背景风速的增大而增大;随着建筑物厚度的增大,10 m风速、风向观测对距高比的要求减小;当障碍物高度6 m时,对10 m风速、风向观测影响不明显,当障碍物高度6 m时,对距高比的要求随障碍物高度的增加而减小;随着建筑物视宽角的增大,10 m风速、风向观测对距高比的要求增大;来流风向与建筑物呈45°时,风速影响区域增大,风向影响区域水平方向增大、侧方向减小。  相似文献   

Advances in research on atmospheric energy propagation and the interactions between different latitudes     

杨崧  邓开强  丁敏芳  胡春迪 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(6):859-883

Early theoretical analyses indicated that the tropics and extratropics are relatively independent due to the existence of critical latitudes. However, considerable observational evidence has shown that a clear dynamical link exists between the tropics and midlatitudes. To better understand such atmospheric teleconnection, several theories of wave energy propagation are reviewed in this paper: (1) great circle theory, which reveals the characteristics of Rossby waves propagating in the spherical atmosphere; (2) westerly duct theory, which suggests a “corridor” through which the midlatitude disturbances in one hemisphere can propagate into the other hemisphere; (3) energy accumulation-wave emanation theory, which proposes processes through which tropical disturbances can affect the atmospheric motion in higher latitudes; (4) equatorial wave expansion theory, which further explains the physical mechanisms involved in the interaction between the tropics and extratropics; and (5) meridional basic flow theory, which argues that stationary waves can propagate across the tropical easterlies under certain conditions. In addition, the progress made in diagnosing wave-flow interaction, particularly for Rossby waves, inertial-gravity waves, and Kelvin waves, is also reviewed. The meridional propagation of atmospheric energy exhibits significant annual and interannual variations, closely related to ENSO and variation in the westerly jets and tropical upper-tropospheric troughs, amongst others.  相似文献   

顾及多径环境差异和粗差的GNSS-MR土壤湿度反演     

李婷  张显云  邓小东  李宏达  聂士海 《遥感学报》2021,25(6):1324-1337

针对基于单系统单卫星GNSS-MR（GNSS Multipath Reflectometry）土壤湿度反演的可靠性不高、实际可操作性不强和最小二乘估计不具鲁棒性的缺点,为获取更优的延迟相位估值,并改善GNSS-MR土壤湿度反演的可靠性和实际可操作性,同时简化繁杂的选星过程,提出了一种基于抗差估计的多系统多卫星组合GNSS-MR土壤湿度反演算法。该算法首先顾及多径环境的差异性、多径误差的周期特性等进行信噪比SNR（Signal to Noise Ratio）观测值的筛选,然后采用基于IGGIII（Weight Function III Developed by Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics）权函数的抗差估计解求延迟相位,进而获得表征土壤湿度变化趋势的延迟相位组合。实验结果表明,相较于未采用抗差估计的多系统多卫星组合（方案1）和单卫星组合（方案3）,得益于抗差估计良好的鲁棒性,基于抗差估计的多系统多卫星组合（方案2）和单卫星组合（方案4）获得了较高的建模精度,所得延迟相位与实测土壤湿度间的相关系数分别为0.97和0.95、土壤湿度拟合残差的均方根误差分别为0.010和0.012;同时,方案2和方案4还取得了较高的土壤湿度预报精度,土壤湿度预测值与土壤湿度实测值间的相关系数分别为0.92和0.91、土壤湿度预报残差的均方根误差分别为0.016和0.023;此外,相比于方案4,方案2在采用抗差估计解求延迟相位的基础上,采用多系统多卫星组合进一步提升了延迟相位的估值精度,从而不仅避免了复杂的选星过程,而且还获得了更好的建模效果和更高的土壤湿度预报精度。  相似文献   

基于S变换和瞬时旅行时属性的自动初至拾取方法研究     

陈常乐  刘财  胡婷  刘洋 《世界地质》2015,34(1):219-225

地震波走时拾取是地震资料前期处理过程中的一个重要步骤,同时也是后期层析成像方法中计算速度的重要依据。本文提出了一种新的自动初至拾取的方法,利用地震信号的瞬时旅行时属性进行地震波自动初至拾取,瞬时旅行时属性的计算包括两个独立但相关联的部分,首先通过S变换将地震信号转换到时频域,然后利用映射算子将时频域表征映像回时间域得到瞬时旅行时,从而实现自动拾取初至。理论模型和实际地震资料处理的结果表明,该方法可以有效地拾取地震波初至时间。  相似文献   

长春市城市扩展与土地利用效率研究     

田富有  张楚宜  杨莹  魏双建  王菲  杨霆 《世界地质》2015,34(4):1140-1148

基于四期遥感影像数据(TM、ETM、WFV2)对城市建成区进行调查,研究1990年以来长春市的扩展情况,并结合统计年鉴资料,对长春市城市土地利用效率进行研究。结果表明:1990—2013年长春市建成区的面积持续增加,除东北方向之外,其他方向扩展明显;长春市的发展方式以外部扩张与内部填充发展交替进行,并且城市建成区形状简单,土地利用受城市规划影响较大,城市向着有序的方向发展,有利于城市土地利用效率的提高;1990—2012年城市土地利用效率虽有波动,但整体呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

南海南沙海域主要盆地含油气系统特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨明慧  张厚和  廖宗宝  罗晓华  杨光  龚婷 《地学前缘》2015,(3):48-58

南沙海域主要盆地含油气系统及其成藏要素受构造演化阶段控制和影响,表现为不同类型盆地的充填却具有类似的特点,即同期地层沉积特征相似且起分隔作用的不整合年龄相当。主要盆地经历了古近纪—早中新世裂谷期和中中新世以来的后裂谷期构造发展阶段,发育4种各具特色的含油气系统:(1)万安盆地西部发育裂谷早期湖相含油气系统;(2)万安盆地东部、曾母盆地巴林坚地区、礼乐盆地和西北巴拉望盆地发育裂谷晚期海侵三角洲含油气系统;(3)曾母盆地中、西卢卡尼亚和东纳土纳发育后裂谷早期海相含油气系统;(4)文莱-沙巴盆地发育后裂谷晚期海退三角洲含油气系统。烃源岩以中新统泥岩为主;煤系仅对气有贡献;其中海陆过渡相烃源岩占主导地位;海相烃源岩对油的贡献约占一半;陆相烃源岩贡献微弱。储层以上中新统砂岩、中—上中新统灰岩为主;前者聚油,后者聚气。聚油圈闭以构造为主,其次是地层-构造圈闭;聚气圈闭则依次为地层、地层-构造和构造;基岩圈闭常为前裂谷期的裂缝性火成岩或变质岩。  相似文献