时域反射仪在监测青藏高原活动层水分变化过程中的应用   总被引：27，自引：13，他引：14  

王绍令  杨梅学  小池俊雄  赵林 《冰川冻土》2000,22(1):78-84

时域反射仪（ＴＤＲ）是一种利用电磁脉冲方法,根据电磁波在土层中的传播速度测试不同土层 的介电常数,接介电常数值可获不同土类在冻融状态下的未冻水含量和总体积含水量．ＴＤＲ仪可在 野外环境下无破损地测得融土和冻土的液态水含量,尤其是能测出不同负温下冻土中未冻水的变 化．该仪器最适用于测量均质细颗粒土的体积含水量,经与烘干称重法对比,ＴＤＲ仪应用在青藏高 原上不同融土类所测含水量值的误差范围：粉土和细砂为±２．５％,粘土和亚粘土为±３．０％,砂砾石 土和碎石土为±５％．经过反复的野外实践证明,用 ＴＤＲ仪测上层含水量具有简便、快速及稳定等 优点,是值得推广的方法．根据青藏公路沿线８个场地埋置的ＴＤＲ仪和地温仪所获的一个年周期的 水、热资料（１９９７．８～１９９８．７）,分析了高原活动层在冻融过程中温度场和水分场的耦合所导致的水分迁移及水分场重分布的规律  相似文献   

Test of the extrapolation method for the numerical integration of the Keplerian motion     

Toshio Fukushima 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1988,45(1-3):73-76

Two extrapolation methods (Gragg's method and GBS method) were tested for the numerical integration of the Keplerian motion. The tests cleared that the Gragg's method is better for the orbit computation and is 1) easy to control, 2) highly accurate, 3) tough, 4) economic, and 5) very flexible against the close encounter.  相似文献   

Possible observational evidence for the θ⁻² angular distribution of the opening half-angle of gamma-ray burst jets     

Daisuke Yonetoku  Ryo Yamazaki  Takashi Nakamura  Toshio Murakami 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,362(3):1114-1118

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Hydrothermal spinel,corundum and diaspore in lower oceanic crustal troctolites from the Hess Deep Rift     

Toshio Nozaka  Romain Meyer  Robert P. Wintsch  Bryan Wathen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,171(6):53

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Ventilation revealed by the observation of dissolved oxygen concentration south of the Kuroshio Extension during 2012–2013     

Akira?NaganoEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Toshio?Suga  Yoshimi?Kawai  Masahide?Wakita  Kazuyuki?Uehara  Kyoko?Taniguchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2016,72(6):837-850

From the moored buoy observation at \(33.9^{\circ }\)N, \(144.9^{\circ }\)E south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), we obtained Eulerian time series of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) at 200, 400, and 600 m depths from June 2012 to March 2013. We observed ventilation by meso- and submesoscale processes that transport water southward across the KE jet. First, the cyclonic mesoscale eddy in June 2012 substantially depressed DO at depths of 400 and 600 m but maintained DO at 200 m, suggesting near-surface lateral transport of high-DO water derived from the north of the KE. Second, subduction of high-DO (>230 \({\upmu }\)mol kg\(^{-1}\)) water to a depth of 600 m was observed from early February to March 2013, associated with a mesoscale/submesoscale meandering of the KE jet. In mid-March 2013, shipboard hydrographic data were collected where the water mass at the mooring site would be advected by the eastward current on the southern flank of the KE. Based on these data, the subduction event was identified as an intrusion of an anomalously thick water mass from approximately 400–900 dbar. Ventilation of the subtropical mode water at a depth of 200 m around a subsurface DO maximum layer was detected as a rapid rise in DO in January 2013. This occurred after a significant seasonal decrease in DO at a rate of \(-0.130 \pm 0.007\) \({\upmu }\)mol kg\(^{-1}\) day\(^{-1}\) from July to December 2012.  相似文献   

Horizontal electric fields in the middle latitude     

Ogawa Toshio  Tanaka Yoshikazu  Huzita Akira  Yasuhara Michihiro 《Planetary and Space Science》1975,23(5):825-830

Three dimensional electric fields were measured at the altitude of about 27 km in the stratosphere over the Pacific Ocean about 200–400 km away from the Sanriku coast of Honsyu Island (L = 1·4) on 16–17 October 1973, which was magnetically disturbed. The average horizontal electric field thus measured is about 10 mV/m, and the electric field vectors made clockwise semidiurnal rotations rather than diurnal. Daily variation of this electric field was compared with data at L = 2·7–3·5 published by Mozer (1973) and was found to be very similar. This suggests that these electric fields are of common origin in the plasmasphere. From their mean daily variation it is estimated that the plasmaspheric convection is decreased in the night side and is increased in the day side by 200–300 m/sec, and there is an outward flow in the first half of the afternoon and an inward flow in the plasma bulge region of about 500 m/sec.  相似文献   

On the recent development of simple,coupled ocean-atmosphere models of ENSO   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Toshio Yamagata 《Journal of Oceanography》1986,42(4):299-307

Based on simple model results, I describe the recent progress in our understanding of physical mechanisms directly associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. In particular, I extract two extremes from recent simple coupled models in order to interprete two complementary phases of interannual ENSO events. I also discuss what is most necessary for more complete model studies useful to improve forecasting skills.  相似文献   

Structure of a pair of anticyclonic vortices in northern part of the South China Sea in autumn of 1994     

Fu Gang  Toshio Yamagata 《海洋学报(英文版)》2002,21(2):203-216

A pair of remarkable meso-scale anticyclonic vortices, one formed closely to another, inthe northern part of the South China Sea during the period from the later August to early September of 1994 were documented by the in situ observation data. Their spatial structures were examined in detail from the horizontal and two nearly perpendicular/vertical angles of view. It was shown that the horizontal scales of these two vortices were around 100, 50 km, and their vertical scales were about 500, 1000 m, respectively. Two "warm core" structures associated with these two vortices were found in their horizontal and vertical analyses. The closer spacing of these two vortices (namely, 60 km), which was smaller than the Rossby radius of deformation, suggested that they might merge with each other during their next evolution stages and form into a larger vortex eventually.  相似文献   

Further study of synoptic variability in Wakasa Bay, Japan     

Shin-ichiro Umatani  Noriaki Masunaga  Toshio Yamagata 《Progress in Oceanography》1986,17(3-4)

Observations of synoptic variability from CTD and current meter measurements in Wakasa Bay, Japan in summer of 1980 and 1981 are compared with the results of 1979 reported by Yamagata, Umatani, Masunaga and Matsuura (1984). It is suggested that the speed and direction of propagation can basically be explained in terms of shelf wave dynamics.In the 1980 event, a dense (colder and more saline) water advanced eastward along the north coast at about 10 km day⁻¹. The lateral scale of the phenomenon was about 30 to 40 km, in agreement with the Rossby internal radius of deformation. The T-S and current data suggest that the 1980 cold event was dominated by phase propagation. In the 1981 event, a light (warmer and less saline) water area advanced eastward at the speed similar to the 1980 cold event, but the T-S and current data suggest that Lagrangian drift of water particles associated with strong eddy motions was not negligible.  相似文献   

Interannual variability of the Kuroshio Extension and its relation to the Southern Oscillation/El Niño     

Toshio Yamagata  Yoshiaki Shibao  Shin-ichiro Umatanit 《Journal of Oceanography》1985,41(4):274-281

The interannual variability of the temperature structure of the Kuroshio Extension is studied by establishing time series for the period 1950 to 1970 and then comparing it with the time series of sea level differences across the North Equatorial Current obtained by Wyrtki (1975). First, the present analysis shows a significant correlation between the interannual fluctuation of the Kuroshio Extension and the eddy activity south of the Kuroshio axis, suggesting the importance of the eddy-driven mechanism. Secondly, spectral analysis shows close connections between the Kuroshio Extension and the North Equatorial Current with a reasonable time lag of about 1.5 years. This time lag of the mid-latitude variability is also supported by other independent data. In particular, the present preliminary study strongly suggests that the bimodal behavior of the Kuroshio path south of Japan and the intensity of the Kuroshio Countercurrent are closely connected with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño.  相似文献