冬季太平洋三种海温异常型及其对欧亚大气环流的影响     

熊安元  屠其璞 《热带气象学报》1991,(3):237-245

通过对冬季太平洋海温场及滞后0—6月的欧亚500hPa高度场的联合REOF相关分析发现,与500hPa环流异常相联系的冬季海温异常分布可分为三种类型:EC型、KC型和WD型,其异常中心区域分别对应于赤道中东太平洋——加利福利亚海流区、黑潮区和北太平洋西风漂流区。各型海温异常对欧亚500hPa环流具有不同的滞后影响特征,滞后0—3月的影响区主要是低纬度地区,4个月以后可达中纬度地区,尤其是对我国东部上空环流的影响。无论是中纬度海洋还是低纬度海洋均可对滞后4个月以后的东亚中纬度环流产生明显影响。   相似文献   

栅栏在防止前沿积沙中的作用——以沙坡头地区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

凌裕泉  金炯  邹本功  丛自立  温向乐  屠 《中国沙漠》1984,4(3):16-25

在沙坡头地区的铁路北侧,进行了防护带的前沿栅栏阻沙试验研究。经过三个风季初步观测表明:格状沙丘的主梁移动是缓慢的,通过栅栏阻沙量计算求得其移速为0.56米/年。而沙丘副梁的前移迅速是格状沙丘的主要运动及其危害形式。据测定主风向上的可能输沙量平均为6.5m³/米宽·年,栅栏阻沙量平均为5.5m³/米宽·年,栅栏平均阻沙效率为70-80%。因此,利用栅栏等工程措施防止防护带前沿积沙是可行的,有效的。  相似文献   

Isozyme Analysis of Spotted Halibut Verasper variegatus Temminck et Schlegel   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LIUManhong GAOTianxiang ZHANGXiumei CHENSiqing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(1):43-48

To investigate the tissue-specificities of isozymes and the genetic structure of wild spotted halibut ( Verasper variegatus) population, horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was performed on 45 individuals collected in part of the Yellow Sea. The performances of 17 isozymes in 8 kinds of tissues or organs were screened preliminarily in a TC-7.0 buffer system. The results showed that the screened isozymes displayed remarkable tissue-specificities. Finally, 14 enzymes (AAT, ADH, EST, GPI, G3PDH, IDHP, LAP, LDH, MDH, MPI, PGDH, PGM, SDH and SOD) and 4 kinds of tissues (eye, skeleton muscle, liver and heart) were selected for genetic analysis. Fourteen isozymes are encoded by 20 loci, and 9 of them are poly-morphic. The polymorphic loci are AAT-1*, GPI-2*, G3PDH*, IDHP-1*, LDH*, MPI*, PGM-1*, PGM-2* and SDH*, and the proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.450 0 (P0.99). The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities are 0.027 8 and 0.026 5, respectively and the average effective number of alleles is 1.067 5.  相似文献   

Controls of preferential orientation of earthquake- and rainfall-triggered landslides in Taiwan's orogenic mountain belt     

Yi-Chin Chen  Kang-Tsung Chang  Su-Fen Wang  Jr-Chuan Huang  Cheng-Ku Yu  Jien-Yi Tu  Hone-Jay Chu  Cheng-Chien Liu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(9):1661-1674

Landsliding usually occurs on specific hillslope aspect, which may reflect the control of specific geo-environmental factors, triggering factors, or their interaction. To explore this notion, this study used island-wide landslide inventories of the Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999 (M_W = 7.6) and Typhoon Morakot in 2009 in Taiwan to investigate the preferential orientation of landslides and the controls of landslide triggers and geological settings. The results showed two patterns. The orientations of earthquake-triggered landslides were toward the aspect facing away from the epicenter in areas with peak ground acceleration (PGA) ≥ 0.6 g and landslide ratio ≥ 1%, suggesting that the orientations were controlled by seismic wave propagation. Rainfall-triggered landslides tended to occur on dip slopes, instead of the windward slopes, suggesting that geological settings were a more effective control of the mass wasting processes on hillslope scale than the rainfall condition. This study highlights the importance of the endogenic processes, namely seismic wave and geological settings, on the predesigned orientation of landslides triggered by either earthquake or rainfall, which can in turn improve our knowledge of landscape evolution and landslide prediction. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls is coupled to nitrogen fixation by a legume-rhizobium symbiosis     

Chen Tu  YongMing Luo  Ying Teng  Peter Christie 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(3):285-291

Chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs), represent a particularly serious environmental problem and human health risk worldwide. Leguminous plants and their symbiotic bacteria(rhizobia) are important components of the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. However, there have been relatively few detailed studies of the remediation of PCB-contaminated soils by legume-rhizobia symbionts. Here we report for the first time evidence of the reductive dechlorination of 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl(PCB 28) by an alfalfa-rhizobium nitrogen fixing symbiont. Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) inoculated with wild-type Sinorhizobium meliloti had significantly larger biomass and PCB 28 accumulation than alfalfa inoculated with the nitrogenase negative mutant rhizobium Sm Y. Dechlorination products of PCB 28, 2,4′-dichlorobiphenyl(PCB 8), and the emission of chloride ion(Cl-) were also found to decrease significantly in the ineffective nodules infected by the mutant strain Sm Y. We therefore hypothesize that N2-fixation by the legume-rhizobium symbiont is coupled with the reductive dechlorination of PCBs within the nodules. The combination of these two processes is of great importance to the biogeochemical cycling and bioremediation of organochlorine pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems.  相似文献   

南方红壤区长期水土流失综合治理显著减少河流输沙——以鄱阳湖流域赣江上游平江为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

聂小飞  郑海金  涂安国  莫明浩  宋月君  谢颂华  王飞 《湖泊科学》2021,33(3):935-946

长时间序列水沙数据分析有助于科学评价流域尺度水土保持减流减沙效应,为科学开展区域水土保持成效评估提供实现路径.本文选取南方红壤区水土保持工程最为集中、持续时间最长的典型流域——平江流域,基于1975-2014年的逐日降水量、流量、含沙量数据,综合应用预置白M-K检验法、Theil-Sen趋势度估计法、Pettitt检验法与累积量斜率变化率比较法,开展河流水沙变化特征及归因分析,揭示长期水土流失治理对河流水沙的影响.结果表明:(1)1975-2014年平江年输沙量、汛期输沙量和非汛期输沙量均存在显著减少趋势,年均减少率分别为2.38×10⁴、1.75×10⁴和0.44×10⁴t/a,汛期输沙量在流域开始实施系统水土流失治理时即发生突变,而年输沙量和非汛期输沙量在系列国家水土保持重点工程实施一段时间后方开始突变;(2)流域长期水土保持显著减少平江输沙,但对径流无显著影响,重点治理期、治理后期以水土保持为主的生态保护工程对输沙量减少的贡献均在94.0%以上,且生态保护工程对汛期输沙量减少的贡献较非汛期的更为突出;(3)以水土保持为主的长期生态保护工程导致平江全年、汛期、非汛期输沙量分别减少59.3%、60.7%和55.7%;(4)在剔除大型水利工程(尤其是大中型水库)建设影响后,南方红壤区可以基于长时间序列水沙数据分析科学评价流域尺度水土保持减流减沙效应.研究结果可以为南方红壤区流域尺度水土保持减流减沙效应评价提供参考,并有望为区域系列国家生态保护与建设工程的布局和管理提供科学依据.  相似文献   

2008—2022年上海大莲湖湿地营养盐时空分布特征、水质评价及来源解析     

孙婷婷  涂耀仁  罗鹏程  刘生辉  高佳欣  顾心彤  寇佳怡  段艳平  高峻 《湖泊科学》2023,35(3):886-896

为了解大莲湖湿地区域水体营养盐的时空分布特征及污染来源,本文系统汇整了2008—2022年大莲湖湿地的水质数据,于2021—2022年丰水期和枯水期针对6种不同土地利用类型进行水样采集分析,也于2021年平水期进行各指标的24 h昼夜监测分析。年际研究结果表明,2008—2022年期间大莲湖湖区总氮(TN)浓度基本处于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅳ～Ⅴ类水质标准,在2009年枯水期达到最大值(2.97 mg/L);湖区氨氮浓度近年来满足Ⅲ类水质标准;总磷浓度在2021年的丰水期达到最大值0.79 mg/L,超过Ⅴ类水标准限值0.4 mg/L。湖区水质较生态修复之前有所好转,但营养盐浓度依旧处于较高水平。整体趋势与淀山湖的营养盐浓度基本一致,说明上游淀山湖入湖来水可能是造成大莲湖营养盐增高的原因之一。季节性研究结果显示,水体各类指标存在一定季节性差异,枯水期略劣于丰水期。不排除入湖河流带来的污染对大莲湖湿地区域产生影响,丰枯水期鱼塘和荷花塘水体营养盐和有机物质超标现象突出,尤其是鱼塘点位TN浓度是Ⅴ类水标准限值2.0 mg/L的2～4倍。24 h昼夜监测结果发现,大部...  相似文献   

大气负离子自动测报仪的研制     

李伟  王经业  陆勇  刘凤琴  涂满红 《气象科技》2008,36(6):834-836

空气中负离子浓度是空气质量好坏的标志之一.为了满足国内外相关部门对测量大气负离子仪器的需求,研制开发了专利产品WIMD-A系列大气负离子自动测报仪,该自动测报仪符合相关的国家推荐标准,实现了从数据采集到传输的全部自动化、智能化,工作环境的空气湿度可以从0～100%,彻底取代了人工观测.业务运行结果表明仪器忭能稳定,工作可靠,减轻了观测人员的工作强度.  相似文献   

一些金矿床地质问题的讨论   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

涂光炽 《地质找矿论丛》1988,(1):1-8

金矿床的地质找矿问题是当前广大地学工作者比较关心和注意的问题。本文为作者1987年10月在首届全国冶金地质金矿讨论会上所作的学术报告,经修改补充而成。主要从金矿床的一些地质特征,如岩石、构造、成矿时代、矿源岩和围岩蚀变等方面的特殊性,提出金矿地质找矿问题的一些设想及应该注意的问题,和大家共同讨论。  相似文献