全文获取类型
收费全文 | 173篇 |
免费 | 22篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 8篇 |
大气科学 | 19篇 |
地球物理 | 49篇 |
地质学 | 55篇 |
海洋学 | 15篇 |
天文学 | 43篇 |
自然地理 | 8篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 6篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 1篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1925年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有197条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
Recirculating wells are increasingly being used for ground water remediation and aquifer characterization investigations. Determination of flow rate is required for proper design and spacing of recirculation wells. The measurement of flow rate, however, can be difficult using standard equipment. To overcome some of the flow measurement problems associated with more common measurement systems, a new device in the form of a downhole weir was developed for recirculating wells that use a two-casing design. The weir was designed to measure flow rates between 10 and 40 gpm. In this flow range, the weir had an accuracy of ±2.8 gpm. This accuracy may be improved with some modifications. 相似文献
43.
44.
Mars surface characteristics at and near the Viking Chryse and Tritonis Lacus landing areas were determined by radio scatter using the new 12.6 cm radar at the Arecibo Observatory during 1975–1976. Interpretation of each power spectrum suggests rms surface tilts of 4° at the final A1WNW (47.9°W, 22.5°N) site, 5° near the original A1 site, and 6° between the two. At the back-up site (A2) surface roughness estimates were about 4°. Striking changes in surface texture have been found near the eastern bases of Tharsis Montes and Albor Tholus, each volcanic feature marking the western boundary of very smooth surface units. The roughness sensed at 1 to 100 m scales by radar appears to be relatively independent of the surface units defined at large scale lengths by photogeologists. Radar properties thus provide an additional means by which planetary surfaces may be characterized. 相似文献
45.
46.
Using stable isotopes to quantify water sources for trees and shrubs in a riparian cottonwood ecosystem in flood and drought years 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Riparian cottonwood forests in dry regions of western North America do not typically receive sufficient growing season precipitation to completely support their relatively high transpiration requirements. Water used in transpiration by riparian ecosystems must include alluvial groundwater or water stored in the potentially large reservoir of the unsaturated soil zone. We used the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of stem xylem water to evaluate water sources used by the dominant riparian cottonwood (Populus spp.) trees and shrubs (Shepherdia argentea and Symphoricarpos occidentalis) in Lethbridge, Alberta, during 3 years of contrasting environmental conditions. Cottonwoods did not exclusively take up alluvial groundwater but made extensive use of water sourced from the unsaturated soil zone. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of cottonwood stem water did not strongly overlap with those of alluvial groundwater, which were closely associated with the local meteoric water line. Instead, cottonwood stem water δ18O and δ2H values were located below the local meteoric water line, forming a line with a low slope that was indicative of water exposed to evaporative enrichment of heavy isotopes. In addition, cottonwood xylem water isotope compositions had negative values of deuterium excess (d‐excess) and line‐conditioned (deuterium) excess (lc‐excess), both of which provided evidence that water taken up by the cottonwoods had been exposed to fractionation during evaporation. The shrub species had lower values of d‐excess and lc‐excess than had the cottonwood trees due to shallower rooting depths, and the d‐excess values declined during the growing season, as shallow soil water that was taken up by the plants was exposed to increasing, cumulative evaporative enrichment. The apparent differences in functional rooting pattern between cottonwoods and the shrub species, strongly influenced the ratio of net photosynthesis to stomatal conductance (intrinsic water‐use efficiency), as shown by variation among species in the δ13C values of leaf tissue. 相似文献
47.
Interaction of Aquatic Dissolved Organic Matter(DOM) with Amitrole: The Nature of the Bound Residues
In this study the binding behaviour of the herbicide amitrole with humic substances respectively dissolved organic matter (DOM) is presented. The results of the binding and release experiments using radio actively 14C-labelled amitrole ledto the conclusion that the binding of amitrole is very low. About 70% of amitrole bound to humic substances was not extractable. The releasable amitrole portion of the purified DOM-amitrolecomplexes led to a harmful effect in the cress test. Solid-state cross polarisation (CP) magic angle spinning (MAS) 15N-NMR spectroscopy is a powerful spectroscopic method to elucidate the structure of bound xenobiotics. In addition extraction experiments were used resulting in a binding scheme of amitrole to DOM, where above all the covalent bonding occurred via acid amide bonds. 相似文献
48.
Tyler B. Coplen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(16):3948-3957
The δ18O of ground water (−13.54 ± 0.05 ‰) and inorganically precipitated Holocene vein calcite (+14.56 ± 0.03 ‰) from Devils Hole cave #2 in southcentral Nevada yield an oxygen isotopic fractionation factor between calcite and water at 33.7 °C of 1.02849 ± 0.00013 (1000 ln αcalcite-water = 28.09 ± 0.13). Using the commonly accepted value of ∂(αcalcite-water)/∂T of −0.00020 K−1, this corresponds to a 1000 ln αcalcite-water value at 25 °C of 29.80, which differs substantially from the current accepted value of 28.3. Use of previously published oxygen isotopic fractionation factors would yield a calcite precipitation temperature in Devils Hole that is 8 °C lower than the measured ground water temperature. Alternatively, previously published fractionation factors would yield a δ18O of water, from which the calcite precipitated, that is too negative by 1.5 ‰ using a temperature of 33.7 °C. Several lines of evidence indicate that the geochemical environment of Devils Hole has been remarkably constant for at least 10 ka. Accordingly, a re-evaluation of calcite-water oxygen isotopic fractionation factor may be in order.Assuming the Devils Hole oxygen isotopic value of αcalcite-water represents thermodynamic equilibrium, many marine carbonates are precipitated with a δ18O value that is too low, apparently due to a kinetic isotopic fractionation that preferentially enriches 16O in the solid carbonate over 18O, feigning oxygen isotopic equilibrium. 相似文献
49.
Tyler Volk 《Climatic change》2007,85(3-4):251-258
Axel Kleidon (Clim Change 66:271–319, 2004) proposed that the organisms that constitute Earth’s biota have free parameters
that can be selected to create states of maximum entropy production (MEP) on various scales, from the biota to the planetary
radiation balance of the Earth system. I show that Kleidon’s concept, here called the biotic-MEP hypothesis, is fundamentally
mistaken. A thought experiment with a life form that would be selected against even though it would generate a higher degree
of entropy demonstrates my case: A hypothetical tree that puts forth a non-productive but high-entropy producing black carpet
of tissue clearly separates out entropy production from other biological processes and shows that entropy production is not
a functional adaptation and therefore it cannot be selected for. A real world example comes from dimethyl sulfide-emitting
plankton, which, by increasing cloud albedo, do not raise but rather lower the entropy flux of the Earth system. I provide
a number of other examples of biotic processes that individually either decrease or increase the environmental entropy production.
It is argued that biological effects on environmental entropy production can be expected to include both positive and negative
examples, because these effects are merely by-products of the actual processes that are selected for by evolution. Given my
framework of entropy production as a by-product of the true processes that are being selected for, the concept of MEP on environmental
scales has no great relevance for discussions of biological evolution or the time history of the effects of life on the global
system. 相似文献
50.
Bistatic radar observations of Mars' north polar region during 1977–1978 showed surface rms slope σβ ranging from 1 to 6°; these values apply to horizontal scales of 1–100 m. Values of roughness tend to decrease with increasing latitude (especially over 65–80°N), but there are many exceptions. The smoothest surfaces (σβ≤1°) appear to be inclusions within generally rougher (σβ~3°) terrain, rather than broad expanses of very smooth material. The permanent north polar cap is relatively uniform with 2.5?σβ?3.0°. Considerable structure has been found in echo spectra, indicating a heterogeneous and perhaps anisotropic scattering surface. Echo spectra obtained from the same region, but several months apart (1°<LS<62°), show no significant differences in inferred roughness. Estimates of reflectivity and dielectric constant are systematically low in the polar region. This may indicate that surface material north of 65°N is less dense than that near the equator, but more study of these data is needed. Estimates of surface roughness and dielectric constant in the equatorial region are consistent with results from Earth-based measurements to the accuracy of our analysis. 相似文献