Determinants of farmers’ choice of adaptation methods to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Temesgen Tadesse Deressa  Rashid M. Hassan  Claudia Ringler  Tekie Alemu  Mahmud Yesuf 《Global Environmental Change》2009,19(2):248-255

This study identifies the major methods used by farmers to adapt to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia, the factors that affect their choice of method, and the barriers to adaptation. The methods identified include use of different crop varieties, tree planting, soil conservation, early and late planting, and irrigation. Results from the discrete choice model employed indicate that the level of education, gender, age, and wealth of the head of household; access to extension and credit; information on climate, social capital, agroecological settings, and temperature all influence farmers’ choices. The main barriers include lack of information on adaptation methods and financial constraints.  相似文献   

Hydrogeological environment and groundwater occurrences of the alluvial aquifers in parts of the Central Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India     

Rashid Umar 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(6):969-978

A detailed hydrogeological investigation was carried out in parts of the Central Ganga Plain, India, with the objective of assessing the aquifer framework and its resource potential. The area was studied because of its dual hydrogeological situation, that is water logging and soil salinization in the canal command areas and depletion of aquifers in the western part of the basin. A comprehensive investigation of the aquifer system between the Ganga River and Kali River revealed its lateral and vertical dimensions and hydrogeological characteristics. Moreover, study of the groundwater occurrences, movements and behaviour, in terms of water level fluctuation with time and space, confirms the coexistence of over exploitation as well as water logging in the area.

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Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at

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Resumen Una investigación hidrogeológica detallada se llevó a cabo en partes de la Llanura de Ganga Central, India, con el objetivo de evaluar la estructura del acuífero y su potencial del recurso. El área fue estudiada por su doble situación hidrogeológica, es decir la saturación con agua y salinización de suelos en las áreas dominadas por el canal y vaciamiento de acuíferos en el la parte occidental de la cuenca. Una investigación completa del sistema acuífero entre el Río Ganga y el Río Kali, reveló sus dimensiones verticales y laterales y las características hidrogeológicas. Además, los estudios sobre la ocurrencia del agua subterránea, sus movimientos y comportamiento, en lo que se refiere al nivel de agua, y a su fluctuación en el tiempo y el espacio, confirma la co-existencia en el área de sobre- explotación así como de saturación con agua.

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Résumé L'objectif de cette étude hydrogéologique détaillée de portions de la Plaine Centrale du Gange est de déreminer la structure aquifère et la ressource potentielle. L'intérêt de la zone repose sur sa dualité du point de vue hydrogéologique, les zones influencées par le canal présentent une remontée de la nappe avec une salinisation des sols, la portion Ouest du bassin présente une baisse du niveau des aquifères. Par cette étude, le système aquifère compris entre la rivière du Gange et la rivière Kali révèle ses dimensions latérales et verticales ainsi que ses caractéristiques hydrogéologiques. De plus, l'étude des événements, des mouvements et du régime hydrogéologique affectant le niveau phréatique confirme la co-existence de surexploitation et de saturation des sols dans la région.

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The structure of urban space, movement and co-presence: The case of Atlanta     

John Peponis  Catherine Ross  Mahbub Rashid 《Geoforum》1997,28(3-4)

Urban areas in Atlanta are analyzed using a computer based technique known as ‘space syntax’ to reveal an underlying systematic and consistent relationship between pedestrian or vehicular movement and spatial configuration. This provides a framework for discussing how far different urban morphologies are characterized by similar regular patterns; how design choices can affect the social use of space; and how methodological and theoretical issues, such as the study of the effects of scale, can be formulated with greater clarity.  相似文献   

Effect of foliation orientation on the P- and S-wave velocity anisotropies and dynamic elastic constants of the quartz-micaschists metamorphic rocks,Angouran mine,Iran     

Ramin Nikrouz  Hassan Moomivand  Rashid Azad 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(16):669

Laboratory measurements are required to study geophysical properties of the subsurface because of lacking direct observation of Earth’s crust. In this research, compressional (P) and shear (S) wave velocity measurements have been conducted on cylindrical specimens of Quartz-micaschist cored using rock blocks taken from the zinc and lead Angouran mine, Zanjan, northwest of Iran. Cylindrical rock specimens were prepared from the blocks by coring in 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° into the foliation direction. P- and S-wave velocities were measured along the cylindrical specimens with different foliation orientations. Percent variations of the P- and S-wave velocities (Thomsen’s anisotropic parameters ε and γ) and constant dynamic modulus of test results have been determined. Percent variations of the P-wave velocity (ε) increase with an increase of the foliation angle with respect to the propagating waves direction by a parabolic function as it shows P-wave velocity differences up to a maximum value of 50 %. Thomsen’s anisotropic parameter of γ has also the same function with the foliation angle. Meanwhile, foliation orientation has a much greater influence on ε than γ for foliation angle from 45° to 90° as \( \frac{\varepsilon }{\gamma } \) ratio increases with an increase of foliation angle. Values of dynamic elastic modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio (ν), shear modulus (μ), bulk modulus (K), and Lamé’s constant (λ) increase with the increase of foliation angle with the parabolic function. The results show that dynamic elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Lamé’s constant have anisotropic behavior in relation with the foliation orientation.  相似文献   

Rapid analysis of risk assessment using developed simulation of chemical industrial accidents software package   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. El Harbawi Ph.D.  S. Mustapha Ph.D.  T. S. Y. Choong Ph.D.  S. Abdul Rashid Ph.D.  S. A. S. A. Kadir Ph.D.  Z. Abdul Rashid M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(1):53-64

The environmental consequences are defined as consequences of accidental release of hazardous substances to the natural environment. This release can lead to many hazards depending on the material stored. The consequences of these hazards to the environment are widespread and have significant importance to human communities living in the surroundings. The mathematical models are extremely useful tools to predict the impacts of chemical process accidents. The objective of this paper is to develop a software package for accident simulation and damage potential estimation. The software is coded in visual basic and is compatible with windows working environments. The software is called Simulation of chemical industrial accident. This application is a comprehensive software package which can be integrated with geographical information system to predict and display the consequence of chemical hazards. The software is a user-friendly and effective tool for evaluating the consequences of major chemical accidents, process decision making for land-use planning, namely locating suitable hazardous installations, hazardous waste disposal areas and emergency response plan.  相似文献   

Marine ecosystem variability and human community responses: The example of Ghana,West Africa     

R. Ian Perry  U. Rashid Sumaila 《Marine Policy》2007

This study describes variability in the marine ecosystem of Ghana, West Africa, on several temporal and spatial scales and discusses how the human communities using this ecosystem respond to this variability to cope socially and economically. Ghanaian marine waters are part of an upwelling system with strong seasonal and inter-annual variability. Much of this variability is forced at large spatial scales in the tropical Atlantic and by El Niño—Southern Oscillation events in the Pacific Ocean, which influence inter-annual variability of sea surface temperature and pelagic fish landings off Ghana. At decadal scales, Ghanaian marine waters experienced cool sea temperatures and low fishery landings during the 1960s, rapid warming and increases in fishery landings during the late 1970s and 1980s, and variable temperatures and fishery landings during the 1990s. In the late 1990s, pelagic and demersal fish populations appeared to be declining, partly due to over-fishing, although the per capita supply (domestic production plus net imports) of fish was kept high by increased imports. Artisanal fishers and fishing communities in Ghana have devised strategies to deal with variability on seasonal and inter-annual scales. These livelihood strategies include: (i) exploiting marine and terrestrial natural resources more intensively, initially at local scales but expanding to regional scales; (ii) ensuring multiple and diversified income sources; (iii) investing in social relationships and communities for support; and (iv) undertaking seasonal or permanent migrations. In addition, the national government imports fish to deal with shortages. However, these strategies may be less adapted to variability at decadal scales, and may not be sustainable when viewed at the larger scales of environmental change.  相似文献   

Bearing capacity of soft soil model treated with end-bearing bottom ash columns     

Razieh Moradi  Aminaton Marto  Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid  Mohammad Moeen Moradi  Abideen Adekunle Ganiyu  Suksun Horpibulsuk 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(3):100

Granular column technique is a soil improvement method used to increase the bearing capacity of a soft soil area by replacing the soil with a group of granular column materials. The by-product utilisation is a worldwide interest for sustainable infrastructure development. Bottom ash, which is a combustion deposit derived from coal burning, is a potential by-product that could be used alternatively to sand or aggregate as a green granular column material. This research is to study the potential use of the bottom ash column-improved soft clay by conducting a series of small-scale physical modelling test. The bearing capacity behaviour and failure mode of soft clay improved with end-bearing group of bottom ash columns with and without geotextile encasement are investigated. The bearing capacity of soft clay is significantly enhanced by the inclusion of bottom ash columns; that is, 239% of bearing capacity improvement is observed with only 13% of improvement area. The bulging of the bottom ash column is transferred to buckling failure with higher bearing capacity when the bottom ash column is encased by geotextile. The outcome of this research leads to the usage of bottom ash by-product as a granular column material in sustainable soil improvement technique.  相似文献   

Development of a New Empirical Relation to Assess P-wave Velocity Anisotropy of Rocks     

Moomivand  Hassan  Moomivand  Hussamuddin  Nikrouz  Ramin  Azad  Rashid 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(3):1537-1550

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Several physical parameters and anisotropy related to rock textural arrangements, schistosity and weakness planes such as cracks and joints affect the...  相似文献   

Development of Rapid Consolidation Equipment for Cohesive Soil   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Khairul Anuar Kassim  Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid  Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh  Chong Siaw Yah  Lam Chee Siang  Norhazilan Mohd Noor  Hossein Moayedi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2015,33(1):167-174

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Seismic hazard and probability assessment of Kashmir valley,northwest Himalaya,India     

Rakesh Chandra  Javid Ahmad Dar  Shakil Ahmad Romshoo  Irfan Rashid  Imtiyaz A. Parvez  Sareer Ahmad Mir  Midhat Fayaz 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(3):1451-1477

Seismic hazard analysis of the northwest Himalayan belt was carried out by using extreme value theory (EVT). The rate of seismicity (a value) and recurrence intervals with the given earthquake magnitude (b value) was calculated from the observed data using Gutenberg–Richter Law. The statistical evaluation of 12,125 events from 1902 to 2017 shows the increasing trend in their inter-arrival times. The frequency–magnitude relation exhibits a linear downslope trend with negative slope of 0.8277 and positive intercept of 4.6977. The empirical results showed that the annual risk probability of high magnitude earthquake M?≥?7.7 in 50 years is 88% with recurrence period of 47 years, probability of M?≤?7.5 in 50 years is 97% with recurrence period of 27 years, and probability of M?≤?6.5 in 50 years is 100% with recurrence period of 4 years. Kashmir valley, located in the NW Himalaya, encompasses a peculiar tectonic and structural setup. The patterns of the present and historical seismicity records of the valley suggest a long-term strain accumulation along NNW and SSE extensions with the decline in the seismic gap, posing a potential threat of earthquakes in the future. The Kashmir valley is characterized by the typical lithological, tectono-geomorphic, geotechnical, hydrogeological and socioeconomic settings that augment the earthquake vulnerability associated with the seismicity of the region. The cumulative impact of the various influencing parameters therefore exacerbates the seismic hazard risk of the valley to future earthquake events.  相似文献