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101.
The results of first application of automated bottom station for studying chemical exchange across the water-bed interface
(IO RAS lander) were obtained for the case of sediments in the northwestern Black Sea near Gelendzhik (Golubaya Bay). The
lander is equipped with bottom chambers, sensors of environmental characteristics, and samplers, allowing fluxes of chemical
elements through the water-bed interface to be determined directly. Bottom sediments were represented by organogenous silts
containing hydrogen sulfide. The high activity of diagenetic processes resulted in a higher consumption of O2 by sediments (the flux from the bottom water was 130 mM/(m2/day), high fluxes of biogenic elements (P, Si,) and metals (Mn, Fe). At the same time, fluxes across the water-bed interface
were evaluated based on the difference between concentrations of these elements in the near-bed and silt water (Fick’s law).
The obtained data demonstrate the priority of direct measurements of fluxes (lander) over the calculation method. The first
application of the lander suggests the need for methodological improvements both of engineering character and in chemical-analytical
support. 相似文献
102.
103.
Vladimir Kossobokov Jean-Louis Le Mouël Vincent Courtillot 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(7-8):595-606
We study the effect of solar variability on temperatures recorded in three European stations with the longest gapless series available (Prague, Bologna and Uccle). Following a pattern recognition approach, we partition daily temperature “indices” (minimum, maximum and range) in two separate classes with respect to the level of solar activity (high H vs low L 11 year cycles). Using the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics, multiple shuffles of data, and other partitions, we demonstrate that the separation between the probability distribution functions of H and L temperatures is statistically significant and robust. We find that average annual variations for the H and L classes display common and site-specific patterns. For practically all series considered, differences between graphs of annual change for the two classes H and L are large (~1 °C). Solar activity accounts, at least in part, for the multi-decadal variations in temperature observed at these European sites in the past two centuries. 相似文献
104.
To model ice conditions in the eastern Gulf of Finland, a high-resolution three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is coupled with the advanced sea-ice model HELMI (Haapala et al., 2005). To test the model in extreme situations, the ice pattern in the eastern Gulf of Finland was simulated for a mild ice winter (2007–2008) and for a moderate one (2003–2004). The reference runs were performed on the assumption that the ice in the model domain is fast ice if the sea depth is less than 10 m. Using this assumption, the ice thickness averaged over the Neva Bay (the easternmost part of the Gulf of Finland) is overestimated by the model for almost the entire wintertime in the mild winter and during the ice formation and melting periods in the moderate winter, as compared with the thickness reported in ice charts. 相似文献
105.
Vladimir Sokolov Takashi Furumura Friedemann Wenzel 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(4):767-786
The estimation of strength of shaking at a site from the initial P-wave portion of ground motion is the key problems for shortening
the alert time of the earthquake Early Warning (EEW). The most of the techniques proposed for the purpose utilize (a) ground
motion models based on the estimated magnitude and hypocentral distance, or (b) the interim proxies, such as initial vertical
displacement P
d
. We suggest the instrumental Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) intensity (JMAI) as a characteristic for fast estimation of damage potential in the EEW systems. We investigated the scaling relations between
JMAI measured using the whole earthquake recordings (overall intensity) and using particular time intervals of various duration
(2.0–8.0 s) starting from the P-wave arrival (preliminary intensity). The dataset included 3,660 records (K-NET and the KiK-net
networks) from 55 events (M
W 4.1–7.4) occurred in 1999–2008 in Japan. We showed that the time interval of 4–5 s from the P-wave arrival can be used for
reliable estimations of the overall intensity with the average standard error of about 0.5 JMA units. The uncertainty in the
prediction may be reduced by consideration of local site conditions or by development of the station-specific models. 相似文献
106.
Hartmut H. Hellmer Monika Rhein Günther Heinemann Janna Abalichin Wafa Abouchami Oliver Baars Ulrich Cubasch Klaus Dethloff Lars Ebner Eberhard Fahrbach Martin Frank Gereon Gollan Richard J. Greatbatch Jens Grieger Vladimir M. Gryanik Micha Gryschka Judith Hauck Mario Hoppema Oliver Huhn Torsten Kanzow Boris P. Koch Gert König-Langlo Ulrike Langematz Gregor C. Leckebusch Christof Lüpkes Stephan Paul Annette Rinke Bjoern Rost Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff Michael Schröder Gunther Seckmeyer Torben Stichel Volker Strass Ralph Timmermann Scarlett Trimborn Uwe Ulbrich Celia Venchiarutti Ulrike Wacker Sascha Willmes Dieter Wolf-Gladrow 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(11):1379-1413
107.
Zoran Sušić Marinko Toljić Vladimir Bulatović Toša Ninkov Uroš Stojadinović 《Acta Geophysica》2016,64(5):1626-1654
In tectonically complex environments, such as the Pannonian Basin surrounded by the Alps–Dinarides and Carpathians orogens, monitoring of recent deformations represents very challenging matter. Efficient quantification of active continental deformations demands the use of a multidisciplinary approach, including neotectonic, seismotectonic and geodetic methods. The present-day tectonic mobility in the Pannonian Basin is predominantly controlled by the northward movement of the Adria micro-plate, which has produced compressional stresses that were party accommodated by the Alps-Dinarides thrust belt and partly transferred towards its hinterland. Influence of thus induced stresses on the recent strain field, deformations and tectonic mobility in the southern segment of the Pannonian Basin has been investigated using GPS measurements of the horizontal mobility in the Vojvodina area (northern Serbia). 相似文献
108.
Natalia Fedorova Vladimir Levit Aliton Oliveira da Silva Deydila Michele Bonfim dos Santos 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(4):689-709
Visibility analysis and forecast at the Maceio International Airport in the Brazilian Northeast (NEB) was the principal goal of this investigation. Surface meteorological data of the Maceio International Airport were used for low visibility frequency study. Low visibility in NEB was provoked more frequently by light fog (LF) formation (1,098 or 92 h month?1 on average). Haze and fog were very rare (81 h and one event per year, respectively on average). Light fog with a visibility less than 2 km usually was detected together with rain or drizzle. Low visibility was observed more frequently at night and during the rainy season. Applications of the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model for light fog forecast were tested. Thermodynamic processes were studied by vertical profile, elaborated by: (1) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data for Maceio (because of some radiosonde absence) and (2) forecast vertical temperature and humidity profiles were produced, using Air Parcels Trajectories of the HYSPLIT model at the pattern levels. The synoptic situations before and during low visibility phenomena were analyzed using different products of NCEP reanalysis, the high resolution (10 km) ETA model and infrared satellite images. Wave disturbance in the trade winds field, localized on the northwest periphery of the South Atlantic subtropical High, usually accompanied the phenomena. A humidity advection, weak ascendant movement and thermal inversion absence at the low levels were created by these waves. The middle level’s descendent movement provoked the humidity accumulation at levels below. Satisfactory results of the HYSPLIT model applications for light fog forecast were obtained with 12 h antecedence. In particular, stable level forecast by the ETA model was forecast satisfactorily with 12 h antecedence; vertical movements were predicted better with up to 48 h antecedence. The PSU/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5) and PAFOG models were tested for analysis and forecast of an intensive fog event. Intensive fog provoked a fatal accident of a small airplane near the Maceio Airport in 2007. These fog formation processes were studied by NCEP reanalysis data, the high resolution regional model MM5, and satellite and radar data. Fog formation was simulated by PAFOG model and satisfactory results were obtained with 10 h antecedence. 相似文献
109.
Darija Vukić Lušić Dražen Lušić Denis Pešut Vladimir Mićović Marin Glad Lovorka Bilajac Vesna Peršić 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013
The quality of bathing water is of considerable public importance due to the possibility of fecal contamination. In 2009, Croatia implemented the new European Bathing Water Directive (BWD, 2006/7/EC) establishing stricter microbiological standards for new parameters with new reference methods. This study aims to evaluate the equivalence of different methods according to the old and revised BWD and to provide the possibility of data comparison. Furthermore, the directive requires the establishment of the bathing water profile (BWP) for pollution risk assessment. The estimation of consistency of pollution risk assessment with obtained microbiological results was also performed. 相似文献
110.
Vladimir Sabinin 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(4):311-320
New computational techniques of QVOA analysis (Quality factor Versus Offset and Azimuth) for fracture characterization are developed. The techniques are applied to synthetic surface data of reflection with noise. 相似文献