SIMULATION OF POLLUTANTS IN RIVER SYSTEMS USING FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD     

ZAHEER Iqbal  CUI Guang Bai Ph D candidate  College of Water Resources  Environment  Hohai University  Nanjing  China E-mail: zaheeriqbal@hotmail.com Prof. College of Water Resources  Environment  Hohai University  Nanjing  China 《国际泥沙研究》2002,17(2)

1 INTRODUCTION Numerical computation provides an easily extended and user-friendly environment with computer aided programming for the simulation of pollutants in river systems. In the most of water quality assessment and monitoring problems during water pollution control and environmental impact assessment studies of river systems, mathematical modeling has been playing a key role for the last two decades. The majority of existing water quality models are the mechanistic and are based o…  相似文献   

Local perceptions of and adaptation to climate variability and change: the case of shrimp farming communities in the coastal region of Bangladesh     

Masud Iqbal Md Shameem  Salim Momtaz  Anthony S. Kiem 《Climatic change》2015,133(2):253-266

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Structural model of the Balkassar area,Potwar Plateau,Pakistan     

Shahid Iqbal  Gulraiz Akhter  Sehrish Bibi 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2015,104(8):2253-2272

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Long-term activity of earthquake-induced landslides: A case study from Qionghai Lake Basin,Southwest of China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xue-li Wei  Ning-sheng Chen  Qian-gong Cheng  Na He  Ming-feng Deng  Javed Iqbal Tanoli 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):607-624

Earthquake-triggered landslides are a major geological hazard in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and have prolonged impact on earth surface processes and fluvial system. To determine how long co-seismic landslides affect basins, a massive number of landslides existing in Qionghai Lake Basin were investigated for landslide distribution characteristics and geomorphological evidences, with further comparison and analysis using historic seismic analog method. The landslides found in Qionghai Lake Basin showed clear features of seismic triggering with strongly controlled by Zemuhe fault. These landslides are still active at present. Some new slides generally occur in ancient slope failure zones causing serious secondary hazards in recent years. In this study we strengthen the idea that the landslides triggered by the 185o Xichang earthquake （Ms7.5） have long term activity and prolonged impact on the mountain disasters with a period of more than 16o years. Our results support growing evidence that coseismic landslides have a prolonged effect on secondary disasters in a basin, and invite more careful consideration of the relationship between current basin condition and landslide history for a longer period.  相似文献   

Measuring temperature variability of five major cities of Pakistan     

M Jawed Iqbal  J Quamar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(3-4):595-606

Changes in surface air temperature during the last century are widely discussed among researches in the field of climate change. This paper measures the variability of annual surface air temperature of five major cities of Pakistan (Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, Hyderabad and Karachi) for the period from 1882 to 2003. We perform an exploratory analysis which shows that the annual landmass air temperature series of five relatively more important climate stations of Pakistan obey the normal distribution. A subsequent trend analysis shows that the temperature has been increasing in the twentieth century for the five (major) cities of Pakistan, the increase being 0.3°C to 1.0°C. We computations based on Bayesian analysis for two samples (e.g., for Lahore, we use data for the period from 1882 to 1960 and 1961–2000 for first sample and second sample, respectively) of temperature data of five cites shows that the average of annual mean temperature for the second period is higher than the average of first period. Thus, Bayesian inferencing shows that the general pattern of evolution of temperature over Pakistan is pretty similar to the current global warming configuration.  相似文献   

Influence of Azores High pressure on Middle Eastern rainfall     

M. J. Iqbal  Sultan Hameed  Farheen Khan 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(1-2):211-221

Several studies demonstrate that North Atlantic Oscillation influences variability of climate over Middle East. We use the centers of action approach for the study of winter rainfall variability over Middle East, taking into account variations in the components of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Azores High and the Icelandic Low pressure systems. The results show there is a negative relation between the interannual variations of winter rainfall over Middle East and Azores High pressure. The east–west shifts of Indian Ocean high pressure has also impact on precipitation over Middle East, there being more precipitation when the Indian Ocean High shifts eastward versus when it is westward. We present a regression model for Middle East precipitation in which the Azores High pressure and the Indian Ocean High longitude are independent variables and it explains 40 % of the variance of precipitation during 1952–2002. Furthermore, the ongoing decrease in winter precipitation over the Middle East is attributed to the increasing pressure of the Azores High over the same period.  相似文献   

Scalar-tensor cosmology and GSLT with entropy corrections     

M. Sharif  Saira Waheed 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,349(2):1003-1014

This paper investigates the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics using both the power law and logarithmic entropy corrected formulas in a general scalar-tensor gravity. For this purpose, we take non-flat FRW universe model filled with magnetized perfect fluid matter bounded by four different horizons namely Hubble, apparent, particle and event horizons. We introduce a non-minimal interaction between scalar and matter fields and take Lagrangian density of non-linear electromagnetic effects. Finally, we extend this study to anisotropic case by taking Bianchi I universe model bounded by apparent horizon only and investigate the role of anisotropy parameter on the validity of GSLT. In this case, we also explore the behavior of some cosmological parameters.  相似文献   

Magnetized chameleonic Brans-Dicke cosmology and phase space analysis     

M. Sharif  Saira Waheed 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,351(1):329-349

This paper deals with the study of dynamical or phase space analysis of Bianchi I universe in Brans-Dicke gravity with chameleon scalar field. For this purpose, the matter contents are taken to be perfect fluid with magnetic field effects described by the non-linear Maxwell Lagrangian density. By taking some ansatz for the field potential and the interaction function in chameleon cosmology, we discuss three cases: Bianchi I universe with perfect fluid, FRW universe with magnetized perfect fluid and Bianchi I universe with magnetized perfect fluid. In all cases, we calculate fixed or critical points and discuss stability of the respective configuration for radiation as well as matter dominated eras. We also evaluate some cosmological parameters in each case for matter dominated era only and investigate their cosmological implications.  相似文献   

Bianchi type universe and superpotential reconstruction in scalar-tensor cosmology     

M. Sharif  Saira Waheed 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,352(2):909-919

The nature of scalar field potentials plays a dominant role in the cosmological dynamics of scalar-tensor gravity. The superpotential reconstruction technique is an interesting way to determine the nature of scalar field potentials by taking the Hubble parameter as a function of scalar field. The present study is an application of this technique in the gravitational framework of scalar-tensor gravity using LRS Bianchi type I universe. We explore the nature of scalar field potentials for some particular cases. It is found that the potentials in all cases turn out to be of polynomial nature and the anisotropy parameter m classifies its degree. The graphical behavior of the directional Hubble parameter shows monotonic behavior which is in contrast to the FRW case.  相似文献   

P-wave minimum 1D velocity model for central and northern Pakistan     

Soomro  Riaz Ahmed  Iqbal  Saleem  Shah  Muhammad Ali  Iqbal  Talat 《Journal of Seismology》2022,26(5):1039-1049

Journal of Seismology - We present a P-wave minimum 1D velocity model for central and northern Pakistan along with station delays. The velocity model and appropriate station delays are obtained...  相似文献