单一均质土覆盖层厚度对地表峰值加速度和反应谱平台值的影响     

文雯  宋廷苏  王珏 《地震研究》2012,35(4)

选择粘土、粉土、砂土、砾石4类土场地构造了140个单一均质土剖面,输入峰值分别为50、100、150、200、300 Gal的各3条人工合成地震动时程,使用一维等效线性波动法,进行了土层地表地震反应计算,并对计算得到的地表峰值加速度和反应谱平台值做了统计分析和讨论.结果表明:不同土类地表峰值加速度和反应谱平台值随覆盖层增大达到最大值的厚度不同;不同幅值的基底输入,不同土类的覆盖层情况下,地表峰值加速度相对于基岩值加速度的放大倍数并不具有规律性,同是Ⅱ类场地,中软和中硬场地土条件下放大倍数的差异也是明显的.  相似文献   

内蒙古锡林浩特I型花岗岩的时代及构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范中林  柯于富  陈文  杨伟卫  孙孝峰 《火山地质与矿产》2012,(3):191-197

在内蒙古锡林浩特水库地区出露的花岗岩确定为I型花岗岩,具有较高的Cr、Co、Ni丰度。Ca、Al含量和N2O／K2O比值较高,Fe、Mg含量较低。微量元素蛛网图中显示出明显的Nb、Ta、P、Ti负异常。在SiO2-K2O及AFM图中,花岗质岩石投在钙碱性系列区;在构造环境判别图中,花岗质岩石样品都投在火山弧＋同碰撞花岗岩区。锆石测年结果显示平均年龄为317．0±4．0Ma,属晚石炭世。这套晚石炭世岛弧花岗岩的存在,表明加里东期古亚洲洋并未完全关闭,晚石炭世时仍然存在洋壳的俯冲消减事件。从区域上看,是北侧的贺根山洋盆向南俯冲的结果。  相似文献   

Dynamic performance analysis of a seismically isolated bridge under braking force     

Fang Yu  Liuhan ·heisha Wen  Fulin Zhou  Lieping Ye 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(1):35-42

In order to study the dynamic performance of seismically isolated bridges under the most unfavorable loads in the longitudinal direction,a dynamic equation for vehicle braking in the longitudinal direction is established.A four or fiveorder Runge-Kutta method is adopted to obtain the time-history response of a wheel set under braking force.The quadratic discretization method is then used to transform this time-history into a braking and bending force time-history of a structural fixed node,and a dynamic response analysis of the seismically isolated bridge under the vehicle’s braking force is carried out using ANSYS,a universal finite element analysis software.According to the results,seismic isolation design results in a more rational distribution of braking force among piers;the influence of the initial braking velocity on the vehicle braking force is negligible;the location where the first wheel set leaves the bridge is the most unfavorable parking location;a seismic isolation bridge bearing constructed according to typical design methods enters into a yield stage under the braking force, while the shearing force at the bottom of the pier declines as the isolation period is extended;the design requirements can be met when the yield displacement of the seismic isolation bearing is less than 5 mm and the yield strength is greater than the braking force.  相似文献   

Simulation of annual biogeochemical cycles of nutrient balance, phytoplankton bloom(s), and DO in Puget Sound using an unstructured grid model     

Tarang Khangaonkar  Brandon Sackmann  Wen Long  Teizeen Mohamedali  Mindy Roberts 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(9):1353-1379

Nutrient pollution from rivers, nonpoint source runoff, and nearly 100 wastewater discharges is a potential threat to the ecological health of Puget Sound with evidence of hypoxia in some basins. However, the relative contributions of loads entering Puget Sound from natural and anthropogenic sources, and the effects of exchange flow from the Pacific Ocean are not well understood. Development of a quantitative model of Puget Sound is thus presented to help improve our understanding of the annual biogeochemical cycles in this system using the unstructured grid Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model framework and the Integrated Compartment Model (CE-QUAL-ICM) water quality kinetics. Results based on 2006 data show that phytoplankton growth and die-off, succession between two species of algae, nutrient dynamics, and dissolved oxygen in Puget Sound are strongly tied to seasonal variation of temperature, solar radiation, and the annual exchange and flushing induced by upwelled Pacific Ocean waters. Concentrations in the mixed outflow surface layer occupying approximately 5–20?m of the upper water column show strong effects of eutrophication from natural and anthropogenic sources, spring and summer algae blooms, accompanied by depleted nutrients but high dissolved oxygen levels. The bottom layer reflects dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations of upwelled Pacific Ocean water modulated by mixing with biologically active surface outflow in the Strait of Juan de Fuca prior to entering Puget Sound over the Admiralty Inlet. The effect of reflux mixing at the Admiralty Inlet sill resulting in lower nutrient and higher dissolved oxygen levels in bottom waters of Puget Sound than the incoming upwelled Pacific Ocean water is reproduced. By late winter, with the reduction in algal activity, water column constituents of interest, were renewed and the system appeared to reset with cooler temperature, higher nutrient, and higher dissolved oxygen waters from the Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

西北地区某干旱河流设计情景下的年径流量预测分析     

董雯  崔保山 《冰川冻土》2012,34(5):1236-1240

人类活动和气候变化对流域水文水资源的影响及由此所带来的社会、 经济和生态效应, 使得新疆精河流域出现了严重的水资源短缺和生态危机. 为此, 实施跨流域调水是解决艾比湖流域生态环境保护的必要措施, 精河上游支流是跨流域引入外水的唯一捷径河流. 根据前期研究计算的年径流量系列, 在经过论证的流域现状水平(C_v=0.12, C_s/C_v=2.00)的基础上, 采用水文频率分析方法, 设计并预测了流域规划的近期和远期目标情景下的年径流量情势. 结果显示: 为了使保证率p=75%, 近期目标要求流域的输水量为8.62×10⁸ m³, 远期目标为14.39×10⁸ m³. 跨流域调水可以满足流域多方面的实际用水需求.  相似文献   

大泷六线鱼人工繁殖及育苗技术初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

潘雷  胡发文  高凤祥  菅玉霞  张少春  王雪  郭文 《海洋科学》2012,36(12):39-44

总结了2009 ～2010年关于大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)人工繁殖及育苗技术的研究结果,论述了大泷六线鱼苗种繁育的关键技术.通过对亲鱼强化培育和促熟,创新发明人工平面授精技术和网箱吊式孵化技术,加强饵料的合理搭配与投喂、水质调控技术等措施,突破了大泷六线鱼人工繁殖的技术难点,明显提高了受精率、孵化率和苗种成活率,解决了人工繁殖大泷六线鱼苗种生产问题.在水温16～ 17℃,盐度31,光照500 ～ 1000 1x的培育条件下,大泷六线鱼鱼苗经过90 ～ 100 d的培育,全长生长至5 ～6cm.2009和2010年分别培育出全长5 cm以上大泷六线鱼鱼苗4.1万尾、11.4万尾,苗种成活率分别达到41.7％、43.2％,在国内首次实现了大泷六线鱼人工规模化繁育.  相似文献   

南堡油田保持中深层泥页岩井壁稳定钻井液研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王荐  卢淑芹  朱宽亮  向兴金  陈金霞  吴彬  舒福昌  蒋卓 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(1):92-96

在南堡油田中深层钻井过程中,东二、东三、沙一段泥页岩的剥落掉块经常造成井壁坍塌掉块、钻具阻卡、电测遇阻等井下复杂情况。分析了中深层泥页岩的理化特性,研究探讨了泥页岩的坍塌机理。在此基础上,提出了选用强封堵抑制型钻井液是有效抑制中深层泥页岩剥落掉块的根本措施。这一研究成果对于在南堡油田中深层开发工程中提高钻速、减少井下复杂情况发生具有重要意义。  相似文献   

广东近岸海湾表层沉积物的稀土元素特征及其物源示踪     

颜彬  苗莉  黄蔚霞  陈忠  陆钧  古森昌  颜文 《热带海洋学报》2012,(2):67-79

本文对广东省近岸10个典型海湾的表层沉积物进行了系统的稀土元素(rare earth elements,REE)测试和分析,以期发现沉积物的物源组成特征及其控制因素。研究结果表明,同一海湾内沉积物的稀土丰度差异不明显,但不同海湾之间具有一定的差别(133.58—251.77mg.kg 1)。球粒陨石标准化配分曲线表现出轻稀土(La到Eu)富集、重稀土(Gd到Lu)亏损、δEu负异常等典型的陆源沉积物特征;PAAS(Post-Archean Australian Shale)标准化配分模式显示出明显的中稀土(Sm到Ho)富集特征,与已报道的国内河流沉积物REE特征相似。海湾沉积物与入海河流沉积物及流域内的原岩组成特征的比较说明,后者对海湾沉积物的控制作用明显。REE配分曲线的一致性和中稀土富集特征表明海湾沉积物主要来自汇入海湾的山溪及河流输入的沉积物。  相似文献   

Composition and distribution of fish species collected during the fourth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2010     

LIN Longshan  LIAO Yunchih  ZHANG Jing  ZHENG Senlin  XIANG Peng  YU Xingguang  WU Risheng  SHAO Kwangtsao 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,23(2):116-127

There are awareness and concerns caused by the decreasing sea ice coverage around the Arctic and Antarctic due to effects of climate change. Emphasis in this study was on rapid changes in Arctic sea ice coverage and its impacts on the marine ecology during the fourth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2010. Our purpose was to establish a baseline of Arctic fish compositions, and consequent effects of climate change on the fish community and biogeography. Fish specimens were col- lected using a multinet middle-water trawl, French-type beam trawl, otter trawl, and triangular bottom trawl. In total, 36 tows were carried out along the shelf of the Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. in total, 41 fish species belonging to 14 families in 7 orders were collected during the expedition. Among them, the Scorpaeniformes, including 17 species, accounted for almost one third of the total number （34.8%）, followed by 14 species of the Perciformes （27.0%）, 5 species of the Pleuronecti- formes （22.3%）, and 2 species of the Gadiformes （15.4%）. The top 6 most abundant species were Hippoglossoides robustus, Bore- gadus saida, Myoxocephalus scorpius, Lumpenus fabricii, Artediellus scaber, and Gymnoeanthus trieuspis. Abundant species var- ied according to the different fishing methods; numbers of families and species recorded did not differ with the various fishing methods; species and abundances decreased with depth and latitude; and species extending over their known geographic ranges were observed during the expedition. Station information, species list, and color photographs of all fishes are provided.  相似文献   

Organic carbon deposition flux on the North Chukchi Sea shelf based on 210pb radioactivity dating     

LI Yiliang  YU Wen  HE Jianhua  SU Jian 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,23(4):231-236

Deposition of organic carbon forms the final net effect of the ocean carbon sink at a certain time scale. Organic carbon deposition on the Arctic shelves plays a particularly important role in the global carbon cycle because of the broad shelf area and rich nutrient concentration. To determine the organic carbon deposition flux at the northern margin of the Chukchi Sea shelf, the 210pb dating method was used to analyze the age and deposition rate of sediment samples from station R17 of the third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results showed that the deposition rate was 0.6 mm＇aI, the apparent deposition mass flux was 0.72 kg.m2a1, and the organic carbon deposition flux was 517 mmol C.m2.al. It was estimated that at least 16% of the export organic carbon flux out of the euphoric zone was transferred and chronically buried into the sediment, a value which was much higher than the average ratio （-10%） for low- to mid-latitude regions, indicating a highly effective carbon sink at the northern mar- gin of the Chukchi Sea shelf. With the decrease of sea ice coverage caused by warming in the Arctic Ocean, it could be inferred that the Arctic shelves will play an increasingly important role in the global carbon cycle.  相似文献