砂岩储层中不同赋存状态油砂抽提物的地球化学特征:长链酮①——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例     

赵欣  史基安  谢正温  王琪  王有孝 《沉积学报》2006,24(1):129-134

对采自西峰油田三叠系延长组六个油砂样品中游离烃、束缚烃的饱和烃、芳烃和氯仿馏分进行了系统的分析。在氯仿馏分中检测出一系列异常丰富的正构烷基酮化合物，其碳数分布范围C13～ C33,具有强烈的奇碳优势。研究表明:正构烷基酮的演化受热演化（成熟度）的影响，在成熟度较低的束缚烃中，主要分布正构烷基 2 酮；而在成熟度较高的游离烃中，主要为正构烷基 3,4,5,6（或更高） 酮异构体。表现为随着成熟度的增加，正构烷基酮的羰基(∶CO)由2位向更高位迁移的趋势。正构烷基酮的形成是由于菌藻类和高等植物类脂中的脂肪酸，在粘土矿物等催化作用下，经β 氧化后脱羧基而形成。在束缚烃和游离烃中正构烷基酮的分布特征，可用于油气成藏差异的研究。  相似文献   

Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes   总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1  

XIE Ping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)

Because of the obvious importance of P as a nutrient that often accelerates growth of phytoplankton (including toxic cyanobacteria) and therefore worsens water quality, much interest has been devoted to P exchange across the sediment-water interface. Generally, the release mode of P from the sediment differed greatly between shallow and deep lakes, and much of the effort has been focused on iron and oxygen, and also on the relevant environmental factors, for example, turbulence and decomposition, but a large part of the P variation in shallow lakes remains unexplained. This paper reviews experimental and field studies on the mechanisms of P release from the sediment in the shallow temperate (in Europe) and subtropical (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China) lakes, and it is suggested that pH rather than DO might be more important in driving the seasonal dynamics of internal P loading in these shallow lakes, i.e., intense photosynthesis of phytoplankton increases pH of the lake water and thus may increase pH of the surface sediment, leading to enhanced release of P (especially iron-bound P) from the sediment. Based on the selective pump of P (but not N) from the sediment by algal blooms, it is concluded that photosynthesis which is closely related to eutrophication level is the driving force for the seasonal variation of internal P loading in shallow lakes. This is a new finding. Additionally, the selective pump of P from the sediment by algal blooms not only explains satisfactorily why both TP and PO4-P in the hypereutrophic Lake Donghu declined significantly since the mid-1980s when heavy cyanobacterial blooms were eliminated by the nontraditional biomanipulation (massive stocking of the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps), but also explains why TP in European lakes decreased remarkably in the spring clear-water phase with less phytoplankton during the seasonal succession of aquatic communities or when phytoplankton biomass was decreased by traditional biomanipulation. Compared with deep lakes, wax and wane of phytoplankton due to alternations in the ecosystem structure is also able to exert significant influences on the P exchange at the sediment-water interface in shallow lakes. In other words, biological activities are also able to drive P release from sediments, and such a static P release process is especially more prominent in eutrophic shallow lakes with dense phytoplankton.  相似文献   

Mineralogical and geochemical study of a newly discovered mafic granulite, northwest China: Implications for tectonic evolution of the Altay Orogenic Belt   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Han-Lin  Chen  Zi-Long  Li  Shu-Feng  Yang  Chuan-Wan  Dong  Wen-Jiao  Xiao  Yoshiaki  Tainosho 《Island Arc》2006,15(1):210-222

Abstract A mafic granulite body was newly discovered in the Altay Orogenic Belt, northwest China. The rocks comprise a suite of coarse‐grained and fine‐grained granulites. Orthopyroxenes (hypersthenes) in the rocks have high X_Mg and low Al₂O₃ contents, whereas clinopyroxenes have low TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents. Amphiboles and biotites have a high Mg/(Mg + Fe²⁺) ratio and low contents of F and Cl. The peak metamorphic pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions are estimated as 750–780°C and 6–7 kbar, and retrograde P–T conditions are in the range of 590–620°C and 2.3–3.7 kbar, indicating significant decompression. Metamorphic reactions and P–T estimates define a clockwise P–T path. Geochemically, the rocks are high in Mg/(Mg + Fe) and Al₂O₃, depleted in U, Th, K and Rb, and characterized by light rare earth element enrichment and a weak positive Eu anomaly. The Altay mafic granulite shows depleted Nb, P and Ti contents in the mid‐oceanic ridge basalt normalized spider diagram. The geochemical characteristics suggest that the protolith of the Altay mafic granulite was calc‐alkaline basalt and andesite with an island‐arc affinity. The rock has a high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio with ?Nd(0) > 0, indicating derivation from a mantle‐depleted source. In the present study, a two‐stage model for the evolution of the Altay mafic granulite is proposed: an early stage in which calc‐alkaline basalt and andesite with island‐arc affinity were subducted into a deeper level of the crust and subjected to granulite‐facies metamorphism generating the mafic granulite, followed by the later stage exhumation of the system into the upper crust by the late Paleozoic thrusting.  相似文献   

西藏普兰石炭纪地层的厘定及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

魏文通  专少鹏  刘洪章  张振利  孙肖  张宽 《沉积与特提斯地质》2006,26(3):22-25

通过区域地质调查,利用确定上覆、下伏地层时代与区域地层对比方法,结合邻区古生物年代特征,对西藏普兰北喜马拉雅分区下石炭统进行了厘定。普兰地区早石炭世受沉积环境与物质供应量等因素影响,岩性、岩石组合特征与邻区略有差异,其下部以变质粉晶灰岩为主夹变质泥质粉砂岩,厘定为亚里组;上部以变质细粒砂岩为主夹变质粉晶灰岩,厘定为纳兴组。  相似文献   

四川九寨沟地区泥盆—三叠系多重地层划分对比及沉积环境          下载免费PDF全文

彭东  谢云喜王明光吴树通 《中国地质》2006,33(5):1013-1022

位于青藏高原东缘四川盆地接壤处的四川九寨沟地区发育了总厚6000m以上的碳酸盐岩,通过1:5万区域地质调查和一系列专项调查,将该区内岩石地层划分为9个岩组。生物地层划分了3个珊瑚组合带,3个腕足组合带,1个腕足顶峰带,2个双壳顶峰带以及有孔虫组合带和顶峰带各1个。生态地层研究划分了两个生态群落。根据地球化学元素特征划分了11个地球化学段。研究了地层的常量元素和碳同位素特征。对碳酸盐岩进行了微相分析。综合各项沉积标志进行了沉积环境判别,其中岷河组沉积环境最为特殊,属于碳酸盐岩和陆源碎屑的混合沉积体系。  相似文献   

离子色谱法测定五氧化二铌和五氧化二钽中痕量氟氯和硫酸根离子的前处理方法     

刘肖 滕曼蔡亚岐  牟世芬 《岩矿测试》2006,25(4):319-322

采用马弗炉将样品与NaOH混合进行熔融煅烧，热去离子水提取、离心、稀释后过OnGuard Ⅱ H柱和过滤膜进行前处理，抑制型电导离子色谱法检测，测定了Ta2O5和Nb2O5的氟离子、氯离子和硫酸根离子。该方法对三种被测阴离子的检测限（s／N=3）在0．15～0．70μg／g（以固体样品实际浓度计）或0．136～0．623μg／L（以溶液浓度计），标准曲线线性范围均在两个数量级以上，方法的精密度（RSD，n=7）小于5．46％，回收率为88％～106％，具有灵敏度高、选择性好、重现性佳、对环境友好等特点，用于实际样品的检测，结果令人满意。  相似文献   

动态高压下斜长石的熔融和玻璃化研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谢先德陈鸣  王德强王英 《岩石学报》2006,22(2):503-509

斜长石在冲击波产生的动态高温高压作用下较易熔融和淬火为非晶态物质，其矿物学名为熔长石。在随州陨石冲击变质特征的研究中，发现橄榄石、辉石等矿物除出现微裂隙外均保存完好，而多数斜长石颗粒则已熔融和玻璃化。可区分出两种形态的熔长石，一种是保持了原有矿物颗粒外形的‘继形熔长石’，另一种则以熔池状和脉状体形式产出的‘改形熔长石’。两种熔长石的光学和物理性质相似，它们的化学成分与晶质斜长石也基本相同，说明斜长石在高压下熔融时没有与周围物质发生明显的组分交换。在吉林陨石的人工冲击实验产物中，斜长石是最先熔融的硅酸盐矿物，也多以填隙的他形颗粒或脉状体和熔池的形式产出。经与其它陨石的静态高压淬火实验研究结果的比较，推定继形和改形熔长石的形成条件为≈20GPa和≤1100℃。本研究结果对了解地幔橄榄岩和俯冲的大洋板片部分熔融作用，以及地球火山岩玻璃和超基性岩中铬尖晶石的玻璃相岩浆包襄体物理化学性质有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

缅甸硬玉岩区的硬玉化绿辉石岩   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

易晓施光海  何明跃 《岩石学报》2006,22(4):971-976

绿辉石岩是缅甸硬玉岩区一种新的岩石类型,普遍遭受多期次硬玉化.未发生硬玉化的绿辉石含较高TFeO和CaO,但较低的MgO,按化学成分分类部分已属霓石-普通辉石系列的中间相.这种绿辉石很可能是硬玉质的流体/熔体交代地幔辉石岩类的产物,与主期大规模硬玉岩的结晶、钠质-钠钙质角闪石边和钠铬辉石的形成同期或稍后,是该区第Ⅰ期的硬玉化.沿绿辉石的解理或裂隙交代并伴有充填的硬玉是在相对拉张的构造背景下形成的,是该区第Ⅱ期的硬玉化.切割早期绿辉石和硬玉的充填硬玉细脉可能是最晚一期的硬玉化.硬玉化绿辉石岩的结构与显微构造特征指示了在缅甸硬玉岩区,至少存在不少于3期的硬玉化的交代充填作用.文中讨论了硬玉化物质的可能来源,认为其可能与俯冲板片上的沉积物有密切关系.  相似文献   

南岭西段花山-姑婆山侵入岩带锆石U-Pb年龄格架及其地质意义   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17  

朱金初张佩华  谢才富张辉 杨策 《岩石学报》2006,22(9):2270-2278

花山-姑婆山侵入岩带位于南岭西段,由牛庙、同安、花山、金子岭、乌羊山和姑婆山等岩体所组成,10个锆石样品的 SHRIMP U-Pb 法、LA-ICP-MS 法和熔融法定年结果显示,该带中主要的闪长质和花岗质岩体侵位于160～163Ma 这一狭窄的时间范围内,表明中—晚侏罗世之交是本区岩浆活动的高峰时期,它们在时间上、空间上、物质来源上、构造背景上和成因机制上有着十分密切的联系。姑婆山里松花岗岩与其中暗色包体结晶年龄的一致性,从一个重要的方面否定了暗色包体是浅部围岩捕虏体或深部熔融残留体的可能性,并为它们的岩浆混合成因提供了一个重要依据。具有充分分异演化特征的新路晚阶段细粒花岗岩小岩体中锆石的 U-Pb 年龄值为151Ma,比主体花岗岩大约晚10Ma,它可能反映了本区主体花岗岩岩浆房分离结晶和演化的时间跨度。桂岭和大宁岩体侵位于加里东晚期。  相似文献   

冰碛层水文地质特征及其对工程影响的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

谢春庆  邱延峻 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(5):90-94

文章以西部某重大工程为例，在详实的调查和试验基础上，研究了冰碛层的水文地质特征及其对工程的影响。研究结果表明：场区冰碛层渗透系数小，透水性微弱，且在垂向上随深度增加，呈逐渐变小趋势；工程条件下，地表水、地下水不会再在场区内冰碛层中形成新的架空块碎石结构，也不会发生渗透破坏，对工程影响微弱。  相似文献