波片相位延迟的光强测量法研究     

孙英姿  王东光  张志勇  邓元勇  张洪起  玄伟佳 《天文研究与技术》2008,5(1):74-82

通过Mueller矩阵运算,推导出采用接收光强的方法计算波片相位延迟的唯一表达式,并由此总结归纳出4种测试波片延迟的方法,发现目前发表的多种光强测量法都可归纳为该4种中的一种.文中给出了这4种方法的测试原理,并对各方法中方位角误差带来的测量误差进行了分析及比对,给出不同方法所适宜的测试对象.  相似文献   

Intercomparison of Humidity and Temperature Sensors: GTS1, Vaisala RS80, and CFH   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

BIAN Jianchun  CHEN Hongbin  Holger VOMEL  DUAN Yunjun  XUAN Yuejian  LU Daren 《大气科学进展》2011,28(1):139-146

GTS1 digital radiosonde, developed by the Shanghai Changwang Meteorological Science and Technology Company in 1998, is now widely used in operational radiosonde stations in China. A preliminary comparison of simultaneous humidity measurements by the GTS1 radiosonde, the Vaisala RS80 radiosonde, and the Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH), launched at Kunming in August 2009, reveals a large dry bias produced by the GTS1 humidity sensor. The average relative dry bias is in the order of 10% below 500 hPa, increasing rapidly to 30% above 500 hPa, and up to 55% at 310 hPa. A much larger dry bias is observed in the daytime, and this daytime effect increases with altitude. The GTS1 radiosonde fails to respond to humidity changes in the upper troposphere, and sometimes even in the middle troposphere. The failure of GTS1 in the middle and upper troposphere will result in significant artificial humidity shifts in radiosonde climate records at stations in China where a transition from mechanical to digital radiosondes has occurred. A comparison of simultaneous temperature observations by the GTS1 radiosonde and the Vaisala RS80 radiosonde suggests that these two radiosondes provide highly reproducible temperature measurements in the troposphere, but produce opposite biases for daytime and nighttime measurements in the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, the GTS1 shows a warm bias (<0.5 K) in the daytime and a relatively large cool bias (-0.2 K to -1.6 K) at nighttime.  相似文献   

干侵入在黄河气旋爆发性发展中的作用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

黄彬  钱传海  聂高臻  向纯怡 《气象》2011,37(12):1534-1543

利用数字化的6.7,um卫星水汽图像资料、NCEP/NCAR逐6小时1°×1°再分析等资料和干侵入、位涡理论,对2007年3月3—5日引发渤海强风暴潮的黄河气旋发展过程进行了天气动力学分析,揭示干侵人在爆发性黄河气旋中的特征和作用。结果表明：本次渤海强风暴潮是发生在泰米尔半岛附近不稳定小槽东移发展,东亚大槽重建的过程中,是对流层高层干侵入下沉引起黄河气旋爆发性发展产生强东北大风所致。干侵入具有高位势涡度特征,高位涡区和水汽图像上的暗区形态及强度变化特征对气旋生命史不同阶段有预报指示意义。干冷和暖湿气流沿着等熵面Ω型皱折带南北流动,使得等熵面陡峭程度加大,大气的斜压性增强;尽管高层干侵入在下沉过程中会产生增温效应,但在下沉运动和强冷平流效应的共同作用下,地面气旋的上空出现水平方向温度比临近地区低的现象,大气静力稳定度减小,绝对涡度（ζ_p＋f）增大,促使中低层气旋性涡度发展,垂直上升运动迅速加强,导致地面气旋强烈发展。  相似文献   

Discovery,Genesis and Significance of Metallic Minerals in Evaporate Series in the Kuqa Basin     

CAO Yangtong  LIU Chenglin  XUAN Zhiqiang  JIAO Pengcheng  CHEN Yongzhi  WANG Chunlian 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(6):1448-1465

A large-scale evaporate series is developed in Paleogene-Neogene strata in the Kuqa basin. The series is composed mainly of evaporate with thin beds of clastic rock (mainly mudstone and siltstone). In grayish white medium- and coarse-grained sandstone in Miocene strata, the formation of copper minerals is in close connection with brine. In joint planes, which are developed in vertical strata, are filled with gypsum. Gypsum and copper-mineralized sandstone contains enormous copper minerals, mainly atacamite. According to the SEM analysis for salt rock, gypsum rock, limestone, grayish green siltstone, grayish white medium-coarse-grained sandstone, some minerals are composed of metallic elements including Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni and U etc., in which Au occurs in a native form, Cu occurs in a native form or as atacamite in salt rock, gypsum rock and limestone, Ag occurs as silver sulfide in gypsum, and Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, U occur as compounds along with the above metallic ions in evaporate or clastic rock. From SEM images, we can see that metallic elements or their compounds (oxides or sulfides) “take root” as grains in salt or gypsum crystals, which belong to primary chemical sedimentation along with evaporate, while some grains “float” on surface of salt or gypsum. In the former case, mineral grains were formed together with salt (gypsum) crystals; while in the latter case, minerals were enriched from internal metallic ions (Paleogene evaporate samples) or external metallic ions (Neogene gypsum samples) in the late stage of evaporate formation. The metallic ions in Paleogene evaporate samples might originate from weathered or denudated materials in the south Tianshan Mountains. The metallic ions in the Neogene evaporate samples might be from metal-bearing brine, which migrated upward to surface along fractures and leached into evaporate (gypsum). Occurrence of metallic minerals and their compounds (elementary substance) in Paleogene evaporate proves that diversified metallic minerals exist in evaporate. The source of metallic ions in the Neogene evaporate series shows that evaporate could provide materials for late-stage metallic mineralization.  相似文献   

济宁市建设用地节约集约利用评价研究     

赵跃伦  王燕朋  轩庆水 《山东国土资源》2011,27(8):38-41

随着工业化、城市化进程加快和经济高速发展,济宁市耕地面积逐年减少、城区用地结构不合理,整体容积率较低,村庄建设用地量大,采煤区塌陷所引发的人地矛盾,后备资源日益匮乏等土地利用问题凸显。该文通过对各类建设用地节约集约利用评价,提出了统筹城乡用地结构,严控建设用地规模,盘活存量用地,发展区域产业,优化利用土地资源等土地集约节约利用新途径。  相似文献   

Integrated risk zoning of drought and waterlogging disasters based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in Anhui Province,China   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Zhongyi Sun  Jiquan Zhang  Qi Zhang  Yue Hu  Denghua Yan  Chunyi Wang 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(3):1639-1657

This study presents a methodology for risk analysis, assessment, combination, and regionalization of integrated drought and waterlogging disasters in Anhui Province, which is supported by geographical information systems (GIS) and technique of natural disaster risk assessment from the viewpoints of climatology, geography, disaster science, environmental science, and so on. Along with the global warming, the occurrences of water-related disasters become more frequent and serious. It is necessary to determine the mode of spatial distribution of water-related disaster risk. Based on the principle of natural disaster risk, natural conditions, and socioeconomic situation, drought and waterlogging disaster risk index, which combined hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and restorability, was developed by using combined weights, entropy, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Drought and waterlogging disaster risk zoning map was made out by using GIS spatial analysis technique and gridding GIS technique. It was used for comparing the relative risk of economic and life losses in different grids of Anhui Province. It can also be used to compare the situation of different levels of drought and waterlogging disaster combination risk in a similar place. The result shows that the northwestern and central parts of Anhui Province possess higher risk, while the southwestern and northeastern parts possess lower risk. The information obtained from statistical offices and remote sensing data in relation to results compiled were statistically evaluated. The results obtained from this study are specifically intended to support local and national governmental agencies on water-related disaster management.  相似文献   

多回波激光雷达点云冗余数据辨识及消除     

王丽英  夏玉红  宣野  王晓  姜子昂  郑鑫鑫 《测绘科学》2018,(6):137-141,155

针对多回波激光雷达航带重叠区域的冗余项,该文提出了一种基于邻近点的消冗方法,该方法定义并找到"邻近点"——不同航带扫描的点间距小于某一阈值的两点,随即删除精度较低的激光点以剔除冗余点;针对多回波激光雷达的多次回波间的冗余项,提出一种基于同名点的消冗方法,该方法比较单束激光脉冲中各次回波间的距离,距离等于0则判定存在冗余,随即删除后一次回波对应的数据以剔除冗余点。基于安阳检校场数据、ISPRS测试数据的实验结果表明:该方法可有效消除多回波激光雷达点云中的冗余数据。  相似文献   

湖南宝山-大坊矿区成矿花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及微量元素组成对区域成矿作用的指示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

弥佳茹  袁顺达  轩一撒  张东亮 《岩石学报》2018,34(9):2548-2564

钦-杭成矿带是华南地区新近识别出的一条重要的中生代斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属成矿带。宝山矿床处于铜山岭-宝山-水口山矿区的中部,是湘南地区最大的铜多金属矿床,而大坊金矿床与宝山Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn矿相邻,在空间上亦与花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。矿区内岩浆活动复杂,矿化类型齐全,成矿元素多样。我们对宝山成矿花岗闪长斑岩、花岗闪长质隐爆角砾岩和大坊成矿花岗闪长斑岩进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,结果表明宝山花岗闪长斑岩、花岗闪长质隐爆角砾岩和大坊花岗闪长斑岩的侵位年龄分别为156. 3±0. 9Ma、157. 1±1. 8Ma和154. 5±1. 0Ma,三者在误差范围内一致,均为晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物;锆石Hf同位素研究表明,宝山和大坊矿床的成矿岩体均主要为古元古代地壳物质部分熔融的产物,并有幔源组分的加入;锆石微量元素分析结果显示,上述三类岩石的锆石具有相似的稀土元素配分模式,显示它们可能是同一期岩浆作用的产物。宝山矿区花岗闪长斑岩中锆石的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值平均为355,与全球典型的含铜斑岩的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值( 300)相似。而大坊矿区花岗闪长斑岩中锆石的δEu平均为0. 48,与宝山岩体δEu平均值(0. 42)相近,指示二者具有相对较高的氧逸度,均为与铜金多金属矿化有关的斑岩体。锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及微量元素特征表明,大坊金矿和宝山铜多金属矿床均与矿区花岗闪长斑岩具有时空及成因联系,共同构成钦杭成矿带中段一套与花岗闪长斑岩有关的Cu(Mo)-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag成矿系统。  相似文献   

镁质水泥固化淤泥一维压缩特性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

饶春义  朱剑锋  庹秋水  刘浩旭 《水文地质工程地质》2018,(4):87-94

采用低碳、环保的镁质水泥对淤泥进行固化处理,结合一维压缩试验研究了不同龄期下固化淤泥的压缩特性。首先开展了不同养护龄期下镁质水泥固化淤泥一维压缩实验,结果表明:固化淤泥的e-p曲线与淤泥变化趋势类似,而且随着养护龄期的增加,固化淤泥的孔隙比e逐渐减小。因此,镁质水泥对固化淤泥的孔隙有很好的填充效果。与此同时,固化淤泥的压缩系数随养护龄期呈指数减小趋势,根据压缩系数与龄期之间的函数关系,对太沙基一维固结理论进行修正,建立符合镁质水泥固化淤泥压缩特性的一维固结模型。  相似文献   

基于分段三伽玛分布的降雨偏差纠正方法          下载免费PDF全文

高超  文化  宣伟栋  刘莉  许月萍 《水科学进展》2018,29(2):169-178

为解决全球气候模式模拟降雨与实测降雨存在较大偏差的问题,提出了一种基于分段三伽玛分布的偏差纠正方法。该方法将降雨序列按其分位点分为极小值、常规值和极大值3部分,分别对3部分降雨序列的累积概率分布曲线进行偏差纠正;基于分位数偏差累积思想提出了一种综合性评价指标C,对分段三伽玛方法的偏差纠正效果进行综合评估。应用该方法对CMIP5下18个GCMs在雅鲁藏布江附近17个气象站点的模拟降雨进行偏差纠正,并与单伽玛方法和双伽玛方法进行对比分析。结果表明:分段三伽玛方法可以很好地消除GCMs模拟降雨与实测降雨的偏差,率定期和验证期的偏差纠正效果大多在0.85以上;相比单伽玛和双伽玛方法,分段三伽玛方法在验证期的偏差纠正效果更好,表现更稳健。  相似文献