川西鲜水河呷拉宗古滑坡发育特征与形成演化过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘筱怡  张永双  郭长宝  吴瑞安  任三绍  沈亚麒 《地质学报》2019,93(7):1767-1777

青藏高原东缘是中国乃至全球地形陡度最大、内外动力作用最强烈、天气变化极端频繁的区域,复杂的地质演化过程导致该区成为古滑坡分布最集中和复活危害最大的地区。本文以川西鲜水河断裂带呷拉宗古滑坡为研究对象,在野外调查、钻探和物探、InSAR监测、室内试验及数值模拟分析的基础上,对呷拉宗古滑坡的发育特征、形成演化过程及复活因素进行了分析研究。结果表明,①呷拉宗古滑坡形成于距今约42～30ka的晚更新世晚期,体积达3150×10~4 m~3,属巨型古滑坡;②鲜水河断裂活动是呷拉宗古滑坡形成的主控因素,历史强震的震裂效应形成古滑坡的雏形,后续的断裂蠕滑作用进一步造成坡体开裂,加剧大气降水渗入,并对裂缝有扩展作用;③SBAS-InSAR监测及数值模拟结果显示,目前该滑坡整体稳定性较好,但在多个部位存在不同程度的裂缝、陡坎及坍塌,局部变形强烈,在强震和极端降雨条件下可能发生较大规模复活滑动。建议加强采取排水和抗滑等防护措施。  相似文献   

基于面向对象分类法的川藏铁路沿线大型滑坡遥感解译     

宿方睿  郭长宝  张学科  申维  刘筱怡  任三绍 《现代地质》2017,31(5):930

川藏铁路位于青藏高原中东部,其地形地貌和地质构造复杂,是我国大型滑坡发育最为密集的地区,严重影响了我国西南地区的人类生命财产安全和重大工程建设。在面上资料分析的基础上,重点以川藏铁路沿线茶树山滑坡、川藏公路102道班滑坡、八宿怒江滑坡、理塘乱石包高速远程滑坡为例,在ENVI51和eCognition软件平台上,利用高分辨率WorldView 2以及Landsat遥感卫星数据,结合野外实地调查,采用基于面向对象分类法对滑坡的遥感信息进行分析研究。结果表明,采用面向对象分类法可以提取出关键信息和目标区域,再结合目视解译,能够得到滑坡的细部信息,提高遥感影像滑坡解译的成功率,特别是对川藏铁路沿线等地质条件复杂区域的滑坡调查工作有重要意义。最后,结合灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)对古滑坡和新生滑坡的识别进行探讨。基于灰度共生矩阵和植被指数提出了滑坡遥感信息量判别(GVI)模型,并构建模型的质量函数IGVI;统计样本的结果显示古滑坡的IGVI值明显低于新生滑坡,表明本研究提出的GVI模型可以为识别古滑坡和新生滑坡提供依据。  相似文献   

沟灌土壤湿润体空间矩特征参数估算模型          下载免费PDF全文

聂卫波  马孝义  聂坤堃  费良军 《水科学进展》2017,28(6):829-838

为进一步增加矩分析理论在研究沟灌土壤湿润体运移特性方面的实用性,采用数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,定量分析了土壤初始含水率、入渗水深、沟底宽和边坡系数等因素对沟灌自由入渗条件下土壤湿润体空间矩特征参数的影响,并建立了其与主要影响因素间的函数关系式。结果表明,土壤初始含水率、入渗水深和沟底宽对垂直向土壤水分分布的质量重心影响较大;水平向湿润锋的平均离散度主要受土壤初始含水率、入渗水深、沟底宽和边坡系数的影响,而垂直向对土壤初始含水率和入渗水深变化的敏感性较高;选取不同土壤质地对所建模型的可靠性进行了验证,结果表明所建模型估算不同入渗时刻的空间矩特征参数值与根据HYDRUS软件模拟结果所得计算值具有高度一致性,所有验证组合条件下两者相对误差绝对值均值均低于8.5%,且无显著性差异,说明所建模型估算沟灌土壤湿润体空间矩特征参数具有高度可靠性。研究结果可为沟灌灌水方案设计和管理提供理论基础和技术支撑。  相似文献   

Characteristics and numerical runout modelling of a catastrophic rock avalanche triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Wenjia valley,Mianzhu, Sichuan,China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Aiguo Xing  Xiaoyi Yuan  Qiang Xu  Qihua Zhao  Heqing Huang  Qiangong Cheng 《Landslides》2017,14(1):83-98

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered more than 100 rock avalanches with volumes greater than 10 million cubic metres. The rock avalanche with the longest runout amongst these destructive landslides occurred in the Wenjia valley, Mianzhu, Sichuan, China. The landslide involved the failure of about 27.5 million cubic metres of sandstone from the source area. The displaced material travelled about 4,170 m with an elevation descent of about 1,360 m, equivalent to a fahrböschung of 16.9° and covered an area of 1.5 million square metres, with the final deposited volume of approximately 49 million cubic metres. The catastrophic event destroyed the village of Yanjing, killed 48 people and buried some houses at the mouth of the Wenjia valley. On the basis of a detailed field investigation, we introduce basic characteristics of the rock avalanche and find that the rock avalanche resulted in two run-ups and a superelevation along the runout path, and downslope enlargement due to the entrainment of path materials. A numerical model (DAN3D) is used to simulate the post-failure behaviour of the rock avalanche. By means of trial and error, a combination of the frictional model and Voellmy model is found to provide the best performance in simulating this rock avalanche. The simulation results reveal that the rock avalanche had a duration of about 240 s and an average velocity of 17.4 m/s.  相似文献   

宽频带海底地震仪的研制          下载免费PDF全文

李江  庄灿涛  薛兵  朱小毅  陈阳  朱杰  彭朝勇  叶鹏  梁鸿森  刘明辉  杨桂存  周银兴  林湛  李建飞 《地震学报》2010,32(5):610-618

为填补我国海洋地震监测和海洋地震研究的空白,获得对海洋地震多发区域的监测能力,特此进行宽频带海底地震仪的研制.本文详细介绍了宽频带海底地震仪的设计目标、基本工作原理、组成结构及性能技术指标和研制过程.此外,还介绍了宽频带海底地震仪在中国南海东北部海域应用实例的实验结果,展示了宽频带海底地震仪在3000m海底所记录到的数据资料.  相似文献   

The multi-scale numerical modeling system for research on the relationship between urban planning and meteorological environment   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

FANG Xiaoyi  JIANG Weimei  MIAO Shiguang  ZHANG Ning  XU Min  JI Chongping  CHEN Xianyan  WEI Jianmin  WANG Zhihu  WANG Xiaoyun 《大气科学进展》2004,21(1):103-112

Considering the urban characteristics, a customized multi-scale numerical modeling system is established to simulate the urban meteorological environment.THE system mainly involves three spatial scales;the urban scale, urban sub-domain scale, and single to few buildings scale. In it, different underlying surface types are employed, the building drag factor is used to replace its roughness in the influence on the urban wind field, the effects of building distribution, azimuth and screening of shortwave radiation are added, and the influence of anthropogenic heating is also taken into account. All the numerical tests indicate that the simulated results are reasonably in agreement with the observational data, so the system can be used to simulate the urban meteorological environment. Making use of it, the characteristics of the meteorological environment from the urban to urban sub-domain scales, even the among-buildings scale,can be recognized. As long as the urban planning scheme is given, the corresponding simulated results can be obtained so as to meet the need of optimizing urban planning.  相似文献   

卒中进展方联合阿加曲班治疗急性进展型脑梗死临床疗效观察          下载免费PDF全文

王晓艺  刘叶辉  李文娟 《应用海洋学学报》2023,39(4):7

目的：观察卒中进展方联合阿加曲班治疗穿支动脉病变型急性进展型脑梗死痰瘀阻络证的疗效及安全性。方法：选取穿支动脉病变型急性进展型脑梗死痰瘀阻络证患者36 例,按随机对照原则将其分为治疗组和对照组,每组各18 例。2组均给予西医常规基础治疗,对照组加用阿加曲班静脉泵入治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加服卒中进展方治疗,2组均治疗14 d。比较2组治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、改良运动功能（mRS）评分、中医证候积分、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）及同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平变化,并观察综合疗效及不良事件发生率。结果：总有效率治疗组为94.44%（17/18）,对照组为66.67%（12/18）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2组治疗7 d、14 d后NIHSS评分,治疗后3个月的mRS评分,治疗后中医证候积分、hs-CRP及Hcy水平均较治疗前下降,且治疗组下降幅度较对照组更大（P＜0.05）。治疗过程中,2组均未出现肝肾功能损害、出血等不良事件。结论：卒中进展方联合阿加曲班注射液治疗穿支动脉病变型急性进展型脑梗死痰瘀阻络证,可有效改善患者神经功能预后、减轻炎症反应,且安全性较好。  相似文献   

热源强迫对非线性重力内波影响的初步分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李国平  杨小怡 《大气科学》1998,22(5):791-797

利用相平面分析法,由Boussinesq方程组导出了与非线性重力内波有关的KdV方程,然后用直接积分法得到两类孤立波解,并且讨论了3种不同型式的热源强迫对孤立波解的影响。  相似文献   

Thinner Sea Ice Contribution to the Remarkable Polynya Formation North of Greenland in August 2018     

Xiaoyi SHEN  Chang-Qing KE  Bin CHENG  Wentao XIA  Mengmeng LI  Xuening YU  Haili LI 《大气科学进展》2021,38(9):1474-1485

In August 2018, a remarkable polynya was observed off the north coast of Greenland, a perennial ice zone where thick sea ice cover persists. In order to investigate the formation process of this polynya, satellite observations, a coupled iceocean model, ocean profiling data, and atmosphere reanalysis data were applied. We found that the thinnest sea ice cover in August since 1978(mean value of 1.1 m, compared to the average value of 2.8 m during 1978-2017) and the modest southerly wind caused by a positive North Atlantic Oscillation(mean value of 0.82, compared to the climatological value of-0.02) were responsible for the formation and maintenance of this polynya. The opening mechanism of this polynya differs from the one formed in February 2018 in the same area caused by persistent anomalously high wind. Sea ice drift patterns have become more responsive to the atmospheric forcing due to thinning of sea ice cover in this region.  相似文献   

溢油模型与SSD曲线法评估渤海溢油事件的海洋生态风险     

童砚滨  邓增安  姜晓轶 《海洋通报》2020,39(3):390-400

海上溢油事故不仅会造成大面积的海水污染,还会对海洋生态系统造成严重破坏。为此,采用有效的方法评估溢油事件引起的生态风险,对防灾减灾工作具有重要意义。本文以发生于2011年6月的渤海蓬莱19-3溢油事故为例,使用两种溢油模型(GNOME轨迹模型与ADIOS风化模型)模拟了事故初期油膜的运动轨迹与风化过程。基于模拟结果,利用CAFE模型(Chemical Aquatic Fate and Effect)拟合了相应的物种敏感度分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)曲线,首次结合三种模型工具对渤海进行了生态风险评估研究。结果显示,随着原油的持续泄漏,其主要有毒物质(苯系物)浓度达到了1 300μg/L,超过了1%危害浓度值(Hazard Concentration 1%,HC1)。结果表明,在事故初期所产生的生态风险不可忽视,并且风险(多个物种的潜在影响分数)会在96 h内以每日约1%的趋势增长。本文结合溢油运动轨迹和SSD曲线,绘制出了事故期间的生态风险时空分布图。经过定量化的评估,首次发现事故的整体生态风险随时间呈近似二次函数增长,同溢油轨迹一样,向西北方向扩散,越靠近溢油源的海域生态风险概率越高。  相似文献