Vertical Structures of Convective and Stratiform Clouds in Boreal Summer over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Neighboring Regions     

Yafei YAN  Yimin LIU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(10):1089-1102

Cloud is essential in the atmosphere, condensing water vapor and generating strong convective or large-scale persistent precipitation. In this work, the relationships between cloud vertical macro- or microphysical properties, radiative heating rate, and precipitation for convective and stratiform clouds in boreal summer over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite measurements and TRMM precipitation data. The precipitation intensity caused by convective clouds is twofold stronger than that by stratiform clouds. The vertical macrophysics of both cloud types show similar features over the TP, with the region weakening the precipitation intensity and compressing the cloud vertical expansion and variation in cloud top height, but having an uplift effect on the average cloud top height. The vertical microphysics of both cloud types under conditions of no rain over the TP are characterized by lower-level ice water, ice particles with a relatively larger range of sizes, and a relatively lower occurrence of denser ice particles. The features are similar to other regions when precipitation enhances, but convective clouds gather denser and larger ice particles than stratiform clouds over the TP. The atmospheric shortwave (longwave) heating (cooling) rate strengthens with increased precipitation for both cloud types. The longwave cooling layer is thicker when the rainfall rate is less than 100 mm d^?1, but the net heating layer is typically compressed for the profiles of both cloud types over the TP. This study provides insights into the associations between clouds and precipitation, and an observational basis for improving the simulation of convective and stratiform clouds over the TP in climate models.  相似文献   

Comparative Study on Rock Breaking Performances by Arc and Wedge TBM Hob with Two Blades     

Zhang  Xuhui  Wu  Junjie  Hu  Dingbang  He  Miaolei  Xia  Yimin 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(6):4581-4591

To compare the rock breaking performances caused by the arc and wedge hob with two blades, a rock cutting model with two hob blades is established and a series of rock cutting simulations are performed based on the particle flow code. Meanwhile, the rock breaking process, crack extension pattern, rock cutting force and rock cutting efficiency etc. are investigated in this study. The results present that the rock breaking area and the lateral crack length induced by the arc blades is much greater than that induced by the wedge blades. The optimal cutting spacing of the arc and wedge blades is 60 mm and 30 mm respectively. It confirms that the wedge blades can significantly reduce the rock cutting force and raise the rock cutting efficiency compared with the arc blades, which can provide a reference for the hard rock tunneling by the tunnel boring machine.

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甘肃舟曲县牙豁口滑坡发育特征与成因分析     

吴玮江  王国亚  刘兴荣  马伊民  董耀刚 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):544-554

2019年7月16日,位于舟曲—化马深大活动断裂带的舟曲县牙豁口发生滑坡,滑坡长1 920 m,宽50~190 m,体积212×10⁴ m³,为典型的推移式大型长条状断层破碎带堆积层滑坡。滑坡自上而下沿原老滑道分级分块逐步发育形成,滑动历时近50天,最大滑距500 m,滑坡破坏X414县道、养鸡场等,并使岷江呈半堵塞状态,影响汛期行洪安全。通过现场调查、监测、无人机测量、岩土试验和收集历史滑坡资料,对牙豁口滑坡形成的地质环境、滑坡发育历史、滑坡分级分块特征、滑动过程和成因进行了系统研究。牙豁口滑坡分为上、下相对独立的两级滑坡。上级滑坡又可分为南支滑块和北支滑块两部分,在老滑坡的基础上长期孕育发展,上级滑坡北支滑块在2013年前就已活动,2019年7月16日上级滑坡南支滑块开始剧烈滑动,并推挤北支滑块前部一同复活滑动。上级滑坡约10×10⁴ m³滑体下滑加载于下级滑坡,下级滑坡于7月24日由上向下逐步扩展变形和滑动,下级滑坡又可分为上、中、下三段滑体,滑坡前缘于8月10日达到岷江边,使岷江呈半堵状态。牙豁口滑坡总体具有孕育历史悠久、滑动历时长、滑动速度较低、分级分块差异性滑动的特点。长期活动的深大断裂带及凹槽状地形、软弱易滑的灰黑色风化破碎炭质板岩、地下水和大气降水的强烈作用、两侧崩滑体的堆积加载是滑坡发生的主要原因。  相似文献   

液舱晃荡载荷计算与强度校核系统研究     

赵吉  许一敏  程成  冷文浩 《海洋工程》2015,33(5):1-9

随着薄膜型LNG运输船的需求量不断增加,晃荡载荷已成为船舶安全性研究的重要内容之一。本文结合中国船级社规范所推荐的公式,对薄膜型LNG船晃荡水平的载荷进行研究,提出载荷计算方法和流程,在MSC.patran的基础上结合二次开发语言PCL,设计了一套晃荡载荷计算与校核系统。该系统对有限元模型进行前后处理,设计了舱室识别算法来搜索晃荡载荷的作用域,实现薄膜型LNG船晃荡载荷的自动计算与施加,完成屈服强度评估。通过算例测试证明本系统自动计算结果的有效性和准确性,可以为工程设计人员大大节约工作量,大幅度提高工作效率。  相似文献   

线性准地转模型中副热带环流对潜热加热的定常响应 Ⅱ.边界约束及风场与层结稳定度的自适应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张亚妮  刘屹岷  吴国雄 《大气科学》2009,33(5)

本文着重研究了线性模型中副热带环流对潜热加热的响应过程中影响高、低压系统中心位置的因子,剖析出边界层中基本流的垂直切变影响低层环流的根本原因,并且探讨了线性模式中基本流和静力稳定度自调整过程的重要作用.结果表明,在β效应和f效应、基本流在经向和垂直方向的二阶切变、以及东、西风基本流作用的非对称性等因素的共同作用下,高、低压中心位于热源北侧.结果还表明,当近地面基本流的垂直切变为零或者当风速随高度减小时,低层气旋和反气旋中心位于地面上,当风速随高度增大具有类似亚洲季风区的结构时,低层气旋和反气旋中心抬升离开地面;进一步考虑热源区附近静力稳定度和基本流自调整过程的作用后,反气旋中心继续抬升至中层,证明对流降水对其东侧对流层中低层副高的形成有重要贡献.指出基于传统线性准地转模式来研究副热带高压形成的缺陷在于应用不适当的下边界条件以及缺乏静力稳定度的自调整机制和基本流对热源的反馈机制,从而得到"潜热加热激发的低层反气旋中心位于洋面上"的不切实际的解.  相似文献   

线性准地转模型中副热带环流对潜热加热的定常响应II.边界约束及风场与层结稳定度的自适应     

张亚妮  刘屹岷  吴国雄 《大气科学》2009,33(5):891-902

本文着重研究了线性模型中副热带环流对潜热加热的响应过程中影响高、低压系统中心位置的因子, 剖析出边界层中基本流的垂直切变影响低层环流的根本原因, 并且探讨了线性模式中基本流和静力稳定度自调整过程的重要作用。结果表明, 在β效应和f效应、基本流在经向和垂直方向的二阶切变、以及东、西风基本流作用的非对称性等因素的共同作用下, 高、低压中心位于热源北侧。结果还表明, 当近地面基本流的垂直切变为零或者当风速随高度减小时, 低层气旋和反气旋中心位于地面上, 当风速随高度增大具有类似亚洲季风区的结构时, 低层气旋和反气旋中心抬升离开地面; 进一步考虑热源区附近静力稳定度和基本流自调整过程的作用后, 反气旋中心继续抬升至中层, 证明对流降水对其东侧对流层中低层副高的形成有重要贡献。指出基于传统线性准地转模式来研究副热带高压形成的缺陷在于应用不适当的下边界条件以及缺乏静力稳定度的自调整机制和基本流对热源的反馈机制, 从而得到“潜热加热激发的低层反气旋中心位于洋面上”的不切实际的解。  相似文献   

Comparisons of Soil Moisture Datasets over the Tibetan Plateau and Application to the Simulation of Asia Summer Monsoon Onset   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

BAO Qing  LIU Yimin  SHI Jiancheng  WU Guoxiong 《大气科学进展》2010,27(2):303-314

The influence of soil moisture on Asian monsoon simulation/prediction was less studied, partly due to a lack of available and reliable soil moisture datasets. In this study, we firstly compare several soil moisture datasets over the Tibetan Plateau, and find that the remote sensing products from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) can capture realistic temporal variations of soil moisture better than the two reanalyses (NCEP and ECMWF) during the pre-monsoon season...  相似文献   

青藏高原表面过程对夏季青藏高压的影响--数值试验   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

李伟平  吴国雄  刘屹岷  刘新 《大气科学》2001,25(6):809-816

利用IAP/LASGGOALS气候模式设计了两组敏感性试验,分别考察青藏高原表面感热输送和表面摩擦拖曳对夏季青藏高压的影响.结果表明,表面感热输送显著增强了高原近地层气柱中正涡度的制造和气旋性环流,同时增强了高原上空气柱高层的负涡度制造和反气旋性环流.另一方面,高原表面摩擦拖曳虽然使得低层的辐合略有增加,但施加给整层气柱以反气旋性涡度.因而高原表面的感热输送和表面摩擦拖曳对夏季青藏高压都有增强的作用.表面摩擦拖曳对上空环流的影响随着高度升高而减弱,而表面感热输送引起的高层负涡度的增加与低层正涡度的增加在数值上相当甚至更大.  相似文献   

松林冠层大气湍流结构观测研究     

麻益民  郜永祺  李德新  胡景琳 《气象》1993,19(12):13-18

为了更好地了解大气与物质和能量交换，用二层三维超声风速温度仪测量了重庆市郊松林风速和温度脉动值。采样速率为每秒１次和１１次，数字量记录。计算了湍流动最通量和热通量的日变化，以及湍流风速的统计量和功率谱。结果表明，冠层上动量通量向下传输，而冠层内大多向上传输；冠层内湍流风速ｕ的三阶矩平均值大于零，ｗ的小于零；冠层上无因次湍流风速分量ｕ，ｗ标准差和无因次湍流动能耗散率与局地Ｍｏｎｉｎ－Ｏｂｕｋｈｏｖ长  相似文献   

The Performance of Atmospheric Component Model R42L9 of GOALS／LASG   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

WU Tongwen  LIU Ping  WANG Zaizhi  LIU Yimin  YU Rucong  WU Guoxiong 《大气科学进展》2003,20(5):726-742

This paper examines the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP). It is a spectral model truncated at R42(2.8125°long×1.66°lat) resolution and with nine vertical levels, and referred to as R42L9/LASG hereafter. It is also the new version of atmospheric component model R15L9 of the global ocean-atmosphere-land system (GOALS/LASG). A 40-year simulation in which the model is forced with the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature is compared with the 40-year (1958-97) U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction (NGEP) global reanalysis and the 22-year (1979-2000) Xie-Arkin monthly precipitation climatology. The mean DJF and JJA geographical distributions of precipitation, sea level pressure, 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa and 200-hPa zonal wind, and other fields averaged for the last 30-year integrat  相似文献