东海盆地西湖凹陷油岩地球化学特征及原油成因来源          下载免费PDF全文

苏奥  陈红汉 《地球科学》2015,40(6):1072-1082

东海盆地西湖凹陷具有大量的原油资源,但对于原油成因讨论较少.采集西湖凹陷多个油样和岩样,利用气相色谱和傅里叶红外光谱等手段,全面分析了该区烃源岩和原油的地球化学特征,综合讨论了原油来源以及凝析油和高蜡轻质油的成因.研究结果表明,平湖组煤系源岩均处于热演化的成熟阶段,其中碳质泥岩和煤岩以陆源生物为主要生源,其干酪根类型为Ⅲ型,暗色泥岩则具有陆源生物和水生生物双重生源贡献,其干酪根类型Ⅱ-Ⅲ型,同时碳质泥岩和煤的生油潜力远高于泥岩.原油主要为凝析油和轻质油,凝析油具有低密度、低蜡等“六低一高”的特点,轻质油具有高蜡特质,而且轻烃组分有明显差异.生标参数显示大部分原油为腐殖型,少部分原油表现出具有腐殖和腐泥母质的特点,同时该区原油均处于中等成熟阶段.油油对比和油岩对比表明大部分油来自平湖组碳质泥岩和煤岩,具有典型Ⅲ型腐殖油的特征;少部分油来自暗色泥岩,具有Ⅱ-Ⅲ型油的特征(总体上仍偏腐殖型).凝析油和轻质油的物性及轻烃组分的差异与源岩母质无关.凝析油是干酪根在成熟演化阶段生成的原油遭受蒸发分馏作用的结果,高蜡轻质油除了是“蒸发分馏作用”的残余油外,还有部分是“混合作用”的结果.   相似文献   

长江三角洲近46 a气温和降水的变化趋势   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

潘敖大  王珂清  曾燕  谢志清  苗茜 《大气科学学报》2011,34(2):180-188

利用长江三角洲地区84个气象站观测数据,分析了长江三角洲1961—2006年气温和降水的时空变化趋势。结果表明,46 a间长江三角洲地区年平均气温上升趋势显著,冬季平均气温的增温幅度最大,春、秋次之。增温显著区域与城市带分布区域吻合。极端最低气温有明显上升,而年极端低温事件日数的下降趋势显著。部分地区的极端最高气温呈上升趋势,在城市密集带尤为突出。年降水量没有明显的变化趋势,但降水的季节分配有所变化,冬、夏季降水量呈现显著上升趋势,秋季降水量明显下降,春季没有明显变化。  相似文献   

Impacts of environmental flow controls on the water table and groundwater chemistry in the Ejina Delta,northwestern China     

Ping Wang  Jingjie Yu  Yichi Zhang  Guobin Fu  Leilei Min  Fei Ao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(1):15-24

The impacts of environmental flow controls on the water table and chemistry of groundwater in the Ejina Delta, an arid inland river basin in northwest China, were investigated with field observations in 2001 and 2009. The results indicate that the shallow groundwater level rose by 0–2 m in the upper reaches of the east tributary of the Heihe River and in the areas of Saihantaolai—Dalaikubu during the period of environmental flow controls. The chemical constituents of the groundwater show a distinct spatial heterogeneity with the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the groundwater increasing from the periphery towards the depocenter of the Ejina Basin. In addition, the rate of groundwater cycling in the south of the Ejina Delta increased, and the mineralization of groundwater declined, while the overall mineralization and salinity increased in the northern regions, especially in the depocenter of the Ejina Basin. Since shallow groundwater is important to the ecology of arid regions, and because understanding the changes in the shallow groundwater environment (groundwater level and hydrochemistry) in response to environmental flow controls is essential for the sustainable improvement of the ecological environment, the results of this paper can be used as a reference for watershed water resources planning and management to help maintain the health and proper function of rivers in arid regions.  相似文献   

霍尔果斯背斜深井井身结构优化设计          下载免费PDF全文

刘奥  曹光福  谢建安  陈松平  辛小亮 《探矿工程》2018,45(2):26-29

霍尔果斯背斜受山前构造的影响,存在地质情况复杂、倾角大、多套压力体系并存以及泥岩含量高等问题,在钻进过程中复杂事故频发,严重制约了该地区油气勘探开发的进程。通过对完钻井的测井资料、地破实验数据、钻井复杂等资料的分析,确定必封点位置,形成适合霍尔果斯背斜深探井的四开井身结构,并针对安集海河组复杂事故率高的情况,采用高密度油基钻井液抑制泥岩水化,从而实现安全钻进。优化后的井身结构在霍尔果斯背斜深探井H11井进行了应用,首次实现了在安集海河组、紫泥泉子组两套压力系统下进行套打,历时5.5 d钻穿“死亡之海”安集海河组,未出现井漏现象,取得了良好的应用效果。优化后的井身结构在H11井的成功应用,不仅为该地区深探井的井身结构设计提供依据,也为该地区后续常规井的四开转三开井身结构提供了指导。  相似文献   

西藏嘎拉勒夕卡岩型铜金矿白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄及其地质意义     

汪傲  赵元艺  许虹  卢伟  郭硕 《地质通报》2014,33(7):1008-1014

西藏嘎拉勒夕卡岩型铜金矿床中铜的资源量达到中型规模,金的资源量达到大型规模。在系统的野外地质调查基础上,选取矿床夕卡岩中保存极好的白云母,测得40Ar-39Ar年龄为91.48Ma±0.68Ma,代表矿床成矿年龄,表明矿床为燕山运动晚期的产物。结合区域地质资料认为,在拉萨地块中北部,成矿年龄约为90Ma的夕卡岩型—斑岩型矿床集中分布在措勤—申扎岩浆弧上;在早白垩世班公湖—怒江洋盆闭合后,狮泉河—永珠—纳木错—嘉黎蛇绿混杂带(Slainajap带)上的弧后盆地和弧间盆地演化成了一系列小洋盆,这些小洋盆的演化与中拉萨地块北部成矿年龄约为90Ma的夕卡岩—斑岩型矿床的形成有更直接的关系。今后宜加大在措勤—申扎岩浆弧上寻找成矿年龄约为90Ma的夕卡岩—斑岩型矿床的力度。  相似文献   

Impacts of relative sea level rise on the shoreface deposition,Shuidong Bay,South China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Xiaoling Zhang  Zhijun Dai  Ao Chu  Jinzhou Du 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3503-3515

The influence of relative sea level rise on shoreface deposition helps to elucidate changes in beach and nearshore geomorphology in response to different forcing factors. In this study, two sets of sediment samples, one from 1982 and one from 2004, from the Shuidong Bay of South China were analyzed to determine the changes in shoreface depositions. An EOF (Empirical orthogonal function) method was used to examine how these depositions changed based on the relative sea level rise. The results show that shoreface sediments of Shuidong Bay are mainly composed of sand. Fine-grained sediments are distributed in the lower shoreface/offshore area, and coarse-grained sediments are mainly found in the upper shoreface/nearshore area. Due to the altered hydrological forcing caused by relative sea level rise, the sand fraction in sediments increased from 84.7 % in 1982 to over 90 % in 2004, and the clay and silt fractions decreased from 11.8 % in 1982 to 5.6 % in 2004. Grain-size parameters in sediments in 2004 became coarser, slightly more well sorted, less skewed and had lower kurtosis than those in 1982. In addition, the shoreface deposition of Shuidong in 1982 and 2004 is distinctly different: a polarized mode was described by the first eigenfunctions, and a homogenized mode was described by the second eigenfunctions. The former means that the sediment components developed towards the two opposite poles, undergoing both coarsening and refining processes. The second mode indicates that the secondary variation in sediment components was mostly in the three intermediate-grained sand components. In the future, the Shuidong Bay shoreface may be subjected to even further erosion because of increases in the energy of the environment resulting from rapid relative sea level rise.  相似文献   

Study of the comprehensive risk analysis of dam-break flooding based on the numerical simulation of flood routing. Part I: model development     

Ruirui Sun  Xiaoling Wang  Zhengyin Zhou  Xuefei Ao  Xiaopei Sun  Mingrui Song 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(3):1547-1568

Dam-break floods have been of increasing concern to safety engineers and decision makers. The presence of complex terrain in inundation areas multiplies the simulation difficulty of flood routing. In previous studies, representing the flood routing parameters empirically does not reflect the characteristics of flood routing, which strongly influences the accurate assessment of the dam-break consequences. The basis for carrying out dangerous reservoir reinforcement is just engineering safety, without considering the actual situation of downstream areas. In this study, a comprehensive risk analysis of the dam-break flood was implemented based on the numerical simulation of flood routing. First, coupled with the volume of fluid method, a three-dimensional k–? turbulence mathematical model was developed for flood routing in complex inundation areas. Then, based on the flow parameters obtained through computational fluid dynamics modeling, the attribute measure methodology was used for the evaluation of consequences combined with the calculation of the dam-break consequences (loss of life, economic loss, social and environmental influence). Furthermore, a methodology containing the combined weight method and the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method was proposed for risk ranking of dangerous reservoirs due to its logical consideration of scalar values that simultaneously account for both the best and worst alternatives. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to provide information about the stability of risk ranking. The aforementioned model and methodology are applied to a case involving five reservoirs in the Haihe River Basin in China for Part II of this study.  相似文献   

Study of the comprehensive risk analysis of dam-break flooding based on the numerical simulation of flood routing. Part II: Model application and results     

Zhengyin Zhou  Xiaoling Wang  Ruirui Sun  Xuefei Ao  Xiaopei Sun  Mingrui Song 《Natural Hazards》2014,72(2):675-700

The present model and methodology described in Part I of this work are applied to perform a comprehensive risk analysis of the dam-break flood of five reservoirs in the Haihe River Basin, China. The results indicate that the three-dimensional numerical simulation considering complex terrain can reflect the characteristics of flood routing and the three-dimensional phenomena. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that the risk grades of the consequences induced by a gradual or instantaneous dam break of the Dongwushi reservoir are extremely serious, as determined through the attribute synthetic approach. The results obtained from ranking the risk by the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method are that the Dongwushi reservoir has the most serious consequences when the dam breaks followed by the Lincheng reservoir, the Miaogong reservoir and the Yunzhou reservoir, and the Youyi reservoir has the least severe consequences. Though the ranking of the relatively comprehensive risk coincides with that of the consequences, the dam safety measured by the dam failure probability plays an important role in ranking the risk. A sensitivity analysis is performed by individually increasing the weight of each criterion by 20 %, and the ranking order is not changed, suggesting that the evaluation model is reasonable, stable and reliable.  相似文献   

Bootstrap aggregating approach to short-term load forecasting using meteorological parameters for demand side management in the North-Eastern Region of India     

Sarkar  Dipu  Ao  Taliakum  Gunturi  Sravan Kumar 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,148(3-4):1111-1125

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Electricity is an essential commodity that must be generated in response to demand. Hydroelectric power plants, fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and wind energy...  相似文献   

构造附加动力对煤变质过程的影响          下载免费PDF全文

敖卫华  黄文辉  唐修义  陈萍 《地质科学》2012,47(2):517-529

本文从固体力学、构造物理化学的角度分析了煤岩所受应力的来源、性质以及应力在煤变质过程中的影响方式。作者在前人研究基础上,阐述了构造动力影响过程中煤岩能量的转换形式,分析了应力在烟煤分子团聚过程中的影响。研究认为,煤岩所受的各种应力(压应力、拉应力、剪应力)为地层压力与构造动力所造成的附加内力。这种附加内力可以分解为构造附加静水压力与偏应力两部分。构造附加静水压力主要影响煤岩的物理性质,如孔隙度、颗粒性质与瓦斯吸附特征,并对煤的化学煤化过程有缓慢促进作用。偏应力主要使煤岩发生变形和位移。煤化过程中,由构造运动所产生的动能转化为各种形式的热能、表面能、弹性变形能以及声、光、电、磁等形态能量。  相似文献