Annual variations in the surface radiation budget and soil water and heat content in the Upper Yellow River area     

Suosuo Li  Shihua Lü  Yinhuan Ao  Lunyu Shang 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(2):389-395

Measurements taken between July 2006 to May 2007 at the Maqu station in the Upper Yellow River area were used to study the surface radiation budget and soil water and heat content in this area. These data revealed distinct seasonal variations in downward shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, upward longwave radiation and net radiation, with larger values in the summer than in winter because of solar altitudinal angle. The upward shortwave radiation factor is not obvious because of albedo (or snow). Surface albedo in the summer was lower than in the winter and was directly associated with soil moisture and solar altitudinal angle. The annual averaged albedo was 0.26. Soil heat flux, soil temperature and soil water content changed substantially with time and depth. The soil temperature gradient was positive from August to February and was related to the surface net radiation and the heat condition of the soil itself. There was a negative correlation between soil temperature gradient and net radiation, and the correlation coefficient achieved a significance level of 0.01. Because of frozen state of the soil, the maximum soil thermal conductivity value was 1.21 W m⁻¹°C⁻¹ in January 2007. In May 2007, soil thermal conductivity was 0.23 W m⁻¹°C⁻¹, which is the lowest value measured in the study, likely due to the fact that the soil was drier then than in other months. The soil thermal conductivity values for the four seasons were 0.27, 0.38, 0.55 and 0.83 W m⁻¹°C⁻¹, respectively.  相似文献   

利用近场强震记录反演2016年日本熊本县地震震源破裂过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑傲  王铭锋  章文波 《地球物理学报》2017,60(5):1713-1724

2016年4月15日16时25分（UTC）,日本熊本县发生M_W7.1强烈地震,给当地人员、建筑及经济造成严重灾难和巨大损失.日本地震观测网F-net给出的震源机制解显示此次地震的震源位置为130.7630°E,32.7545°N,深度12.45 km,节面Ⅰ：走向N131°E、倾角53°、滑动角-7°;节面Ⅱ：走向N226°E、倾角84°、滑动角-142°.与此同时,余震的震中分布及其震源机制结果显示主震的震源机制在破裂过程中有可能发生了变化,单一的震源机制不足以充分解释观测数据.本文依据GNSS和InSAR地表形变反演结果为约束,并结合活动构造资料为参考,构建了震源机制变化的有限断层模型,采用水平层状介质模型,利用日本强震观测台网K-NET和KiK-net的近场加速度观测记录,通过多时间窗线性波形反演方法反演了此次地震的震源破裂过程.研究结果显示,这是一次沿Futagawa-Hinagu断层带发生的右旋走滑破裂事件,发震断层分为南北两段,其中北段走向N235°E、倾角60°,南段走向N205°E、倾角72°,断层深度范围和余震深度分布基本一致,断层面上滑动主要集中于断层北段,最大滑动量约7.9 m,整个断层的破裂过程持续约18 s,释放地震矩5.47×10¹⁹ N·m（M_W7.1）.  相似文献   

Temporo-spatial Characteristics of Swarm Distribution before Two MS6.0 Earthquakes in the Tianshan Area, China and Their Application to Earthquake Prediction     

Zhang Linlin  Ao Xueming 《中国地震研究》2017,31(3):395-402

The Nilka-Gongliu earthquake with M_S6.0 and Xinyuan-Hejing earthquake with M_S6. 6 successively occurred in Xinjiang on November 1,2011 and June 30,2012. Massive swarm activity was observed in a large area around the main shock epicenters before the two strong earthquakes. Main features are as follows:(1) The swarm activities not only increased significantly in number of earthquakes,but also presented a distinct swarm gap in spatial distribution,and the epicenters of the following strong earthquakes were all located in the swarm gap.(2) The duration of the swarm gap lasted longer,for 2-3 years.(3) The time-history characteristics of the swarms cumulative frequency indicates that swarm activity was quieter a few months before the main shocks. Finally,we discuss the results as well as the issues of their application in earthquake prediction.  相似文献   

含采空区层状岩体微震信号传播规律试验研究     

贾宝新  王坤  孙傲  周琳力  孙闯  苏丽娟 《岩土力学》2020,41(10):3255-3265

微震信号在层状岩体中传播规律的研究对于实现震源准确定位具有重要的现实意义。在天然岩体中,微震信号在岩层中传播的速度,不仅受其内部因素即岩石自身物理性质的影响,还受外部因素如地质结构面、断层及采空区等条件的影响。通过室内试验的方法对微震信号在不同岩层及采空区处的传播规律进行研究。结果表明：波速随着传播距离的增加而逐渐衰减,且岩层密度越大衰减越慢;穿过的结构面数量越多,微震信号传播速度衰减比例越大;能量的衰减与波速的衰减一致。采空区断面横截面积越大,微震信号通过的用时越长;采空区周围岩石密度、弹性模量等物理性质的数值越大,微震信号通过时衰减越少。边际谱分析结果表明：断层对频率高的微震信号阻碍作用更强。  相似文献   

靶场测量装备中GPS换装北斗卫星导航系统方案设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王晖  田奥 《海洋测绘》2015,35(1):73-75

目前,根据装备试验要求,利用北斗卫星导航系统全面替换靶场测量装备中所使用的GPS已成为必须开展的工作。如果直接替换,则现有测量系统需重新进行测试,代价较高。为此,结合靶场测量装备实际情况,设计一种基于北斗卫星导航系统,集定位、测姿、授时为一体的便携式信息采集分发系统,系统具备多种对外数据传输接口,无需对现有装备进行较大改造,即可全面实现北斗取代GPS的目的。  相似文献   

Impact of Wind on Tide-Induced Advective Salt Transport in A Well-Mixed Estuary     

CHEN Wei-lun  ZHU Yu-liang  KONG Jun  CHU Ao  ZHANG Wei-sheng 《中国海洋工程》2021,(1):107-122

The tide-induced net advective salt flux in well-mixed estuaries consists of five terms according to the method from Kjerfve.The term resulted from the vertical variation in salinity can be negligible in well-mixed estuaries with four tide-induced salt flux terms,known as F1?F4.To explore the effects of wind on these salt fluxes,the current-salinity analytical model combined with the perturbation analysis is extended by including wind.Analytical expressions for the four salt fluxes are derived separately in the present model.Under the assumption that only the M₂ tidal component is accounted for and the salt flux generated by diffusion is not studied,the tide-induced net advective salt flux Q_sx is in the seaward direction without the wind effect.By applying the Western Scheldt estuary case,the wind influence on the tidal advection salt flux(TASF)distribution in the F4 term was investigated.The phase difference between zero-order velocity and first-order salinity(Δφ)at the surface layer of the estuary is larger than 90°and smaller than 90°at the bottom layer,which leads to landward TASF in the surface layer and seaward TASF in the bottom layer.The distribution ofΔφis not uniform in the horizontal direction with wind included,which differs from the result without wind.In the case of seaward wind with the speed of 18 m/s,the decrease in the zeroth-order velocity phase(φu)at the surface layer is larger than that of the first-order salinity phase(φs)downstream,which leads to an abnormal seaward TASF in this region.Owing to the surface stress caused by wind,the Stokes compensation flow in the middle and lower reaches increases/decreases with the increase of the landward/seaward wind,while the upstream situation is opposite.Thus,the first-order velocity in the middle and lower reaches increases/decreases with the increase of the landward/seaward wind,while the upstream situation is also opposite.The first-order salinity also increases/decreases with the increase of landward/seaward wind,while the upstream salinity tends to zero.Therefore,the tide-induced net advective salt flux Q_sx increases/decreases with the increase of the landward/seaward wind,which is contrary to the usual recognition.  相似文献   

Relationship between sub-cloud secondary evaporation and stable isotope in precipitation in different regions of China     

Guo-feng Zhu  Jia-fang Li  Pei-ji Shi  Yuan-qing He  Ao Cai  Hua-li Tong  Yuan-feng Liu  Ling Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(10):876

  相似文献   

黄河上游玛曲草原湍流统计特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李锁锁  吕世华  高艳红  奥银焕  柳媛普 《地球科学进展》2012,27(8):901-907

湍流运动是大气最基本的运动特征,是大气能量物质交换的主要方式。利用玛曲气候与环境综合观测研究站2006年12月至2007年1月的湍流观测资料,分析了湍流方差特征、湍流动能及湍流强度等湍流统计特征,结果表明:无量纲化的风速脉动σu/u*,σv/u*,σw/u*与稳定度z/L符合1/3次方规律;大气处于中性层结时,在近中性条件下,无量纲化风速方差σu/u*,σv/u*,σw/u*分别趋于常数A=3.42,B=3.34,C=1.02;无因次化温度脉动方差σT/|T*|和湿度脉动方差σq/|q*|与稳定度z/L的变化都比较离散,基本上不能拟合出-1/3次方规律。湍流动能随风速增大而增大,白天比夜间明显,相比之下,夜间湍流动能较小,且随风速的增大比较缓慢;湍流动能随稳定的变化是非常明显的,在稳定度近中性时湍流动能取得最大值。湍流强度Iu,Iv,Iw随风速的增大而减小,当风速在0 m/s5 m/s时,湍流强度变化很小。  相似文献   

一种天气雷达相噪异常检测分析方法     

周钦强  敖振浪  黄宏智 《气象科技》2013,41(4):608-613

相位噪声是脉冲多普勒天气雷达系统的重要性能指标,直接反映雷达系统的相干性.为了透彻理解天气雷达相位噪声指标的物理意义,归纳了天气雷达相位噪声指标异常的排查分析方法,以指导天气雷达机务人员测试排查天气雷达相噪指标异常故障.在深入分析相位噪声物理意义的基础上,根据新一代多普勒天气雷达相噪指标的测试原理和方法,对可能影响雷达系统相位噪声的各种因素进行总结分析,提出了一种天气雷达相噪指标异常的排查分析方法,河源天气雷达相噪超标的故障排除案例证明了该方法的有效性.  相似文献   

基于梯度观测小时数据的南岳山降水日变化特征     

彭莉莉  邓剑波  谢傲 《湖北气象》2020,39(2):201-206

利用南岳山南坡不同海拔高度上的3个气象观测站2015年9月1日-2018年8月31日逐时降水资料,分析了南岳山降水日演变特征。结果表明:从山底到山顶总降水量逐渐增加,存在3个降水峰值时段,分别在清晨、午后和傍晚,清晨雨量峰值主要由该时段降水频次较高所致,午后与傍晚雨量峰值主要与该时段降水强度较大有关,山顶高山站与山底站降水量差异主要体现在午后与傍晚时段;小时最大降水量主要出现在午后至傍晚,山底站短时强降水出现时段较分散,山腰和山顶高山站短时强降水主要集中在午后至傍晚时段;持续时间小于等于6 h的短持续降水频次多于持续时间大于6 h长持续降水频次,其主要出现在午后至傍晚,长持续降水过程多出现在凌晨至中午,其对总降水量的贡献大于短持续降水。  相似文献