Weekly phytoplankton samples were taken from western Hong Kong (Lamma) from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999 and from Port Shelter in
Eastern Hong Kong from January 1998 to December 1999. During that time diatom blooms occurred repeatedly at both sites but
never in synchrony. One species would bloom at one site and then weeks later it or another species would bloom at the other
site; while the 1998 red tide of the mucus producing dinoflagellateGymnodinium mikimotoi occurred at both sites. It first occurred at the Port Shelter site in March and did not appear at the Lamma site until April.
With the single exception of this species, no other dinoflagellate reached bloom concentrations at the Lamma site. In addition,
dinoflagellate abundance at the Lamma site was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that at the Port Shelter site. This was correlated
with a significantly higher turbidity (i. e. low Secchi transparency) and higher turbulence (stronger currents) at the Lamma
site.
Annual variation in surface temperature correlated with total surface phytoplankton abundance at both our sample sites. Phytoplankton
abundance increased in spring as water temperatures warmed. In fall, as surface water temperatures began to decline and the
monsoon rains became less frequent there was a reduction in phytoplankton abundance associated with the reduction in temperature
and light. Because so many variables co-occur with temperature (e. g. the amount of rainfall light intensity and light duration
etc.) it is not possible to cite temperature as the causal factor associated weth controlling phytoplankton abundance at our
two sample sites.
Our data support the rather controversial notion that percentage-wise, there are relatively more harmful bloom forming species
in nutrient-rich coastal waters than there are in the world's oceans. 16% of the dinoflagellate species and 10.3% of the diatom
species observed at our two sample sites were classed as harmful. These percentages were higher than those cited by Sournia
(1995) for the worlds oceans (9.6% and 6.8% respectively). This raises the possibility that there are relatively more toxic
species in the nutrient-rich coastal waters of the world than there are in the mid ocean nutrient-poor areas of the world.
Some reasons for this are briefly discussed. 相似文献
We construct atmosphere models for strongly magnetized neutron stars with surface fields and effective temperatures . The atmospheres directly determine the characteristics of thermal emission from isolated neutron stars, including radio pulsars, soft gamma-ray repeaters, and anomalous X-ray pulsars. In our models, the atmosphere is composed of pure hydrogen or helium and is assumed to be fully ionized. The radiative opacities include free–free absorption and scattering by both electrons and ions computed for the two photon polarization modes in the magnetized electron–ion plasma. Since the radiation emerges from deep layers in the atmosphere with , plasma effects can significantly modify the photon opacities by changing the properties of the polarization modes. In the case where the magnetic field and the surface normal are parallel, we solve the full, angle-dependent, coupled radiative transfer equations for both polarization modes. We also construct atmosphere models for general field orientations based on the diffusion approximation of the transport equations and compare the results with models based on full radiative transport. In general, the emergent thermal radiation exhibits significant deviation from blackbody, with harder spectra at high energies. The spectra also show a broad feature around the ion cyclotron resonance , where Z and A are the atomic charge and atomic mass of the ion, respectively; this feature is particularly pronounced when . Detection of the resonance feature would provide a direct measurement of the surface magnetic fields on magnetars. 相似文献
The Madang Cenozoic sodic alkaline basalt occurred in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where is a key tectonic transform region of Tibet, North China, and Yangtze blocks. The basalts are characterized by the variation in SiO2=42%–51%, Na2O/K2O>4, belonging to the sodic alkaline basalt series. The rocks are enriched in Ba, Th, Nb, Ta, relative to a slight depletion in K, Rb in the trace and rare earth element (REE) spider diagrams that are similar to the typical oceanic island alkaline basalt. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions suggest that they are derived from a mixed mantle reservoir. The western Qinling-Songpan tectonic region was controlled by Tibet, North China and Yangtze blocks since Cenozoic, therefore, the region was in the stage of the substance converge from the mantle to upper crust, producing a mixed mantle reservoir in the studied area. The Madang basalts occurred in the specific tectonic background, they result from partial melting of a mixed asthenospheric mantle reservoir in the western Qinling-Songpan tectonic node.
Trends and uncertainties of surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are evaluated by using observations at 100 meteorological stations during the period 1951–2013. The sampling error variances of gridded monthly data are estimated for every month and every grid box of data. The gridded data and their sampling error variances are used to calculate TP averages, their trends, and associated uncertainties. It is shown that large sampling error variances dominate northern and western TP, while small variances appear over southern and eastern TP. Every month from January to December has a positive linear trend during the study period. February has the largest trend of 0.34 ± 0.18°C (10 yr)–1, and April the smallest at 0.15 ± 0.11°C (10 yr)–1. The uncertainties decrease steadily with time, implying that they are not large enough to alter the TP warming trend. 相似文献