涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源化利用模式     

杨顺  黄海  田尤  谢忠胜 《中国地质调查》2019,6(5):124-130

长江流域涪江上游以高山峡谷地貌为主,人地矛盾突出,水热条件较好的泥石流灾损土地是山区居民主要的生产生活场所,高效利用灾损土地是山区发展的重要途径。通过野外调查,初步查明目前涪江上游42处泥石流灾损土地利用类型主要为耕地、林地和建筑用地,分别占调查总数的41.5%、32.8%和12.1%。这42处泥石流灾损土地总面积为2.47 km²,可利用面积为2.12 km²(含已利用建筑用地等),占调查总面积的86%,潜在可利用面积较高。选取土壤肥力、水土保持特性及工程地质特性3个因子进行泥石流灾损土地资源化利用评价,得出涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源化利用模式。评价结果表明,涪江上游泥石流灾损土地可利用潜力主要以中等和较低程度为主,占调查总数的88.09%,因此,涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源具有较大的开发潜力。另外,本文以涪江上游黄家坝为例,得出4种灾损土地利用模式,即村落聚集优化区模式、现代农业耕作区模式、水土保持缓冲区模式及工民建设潜力区模式,并在此基础上提出相应的灾损土地利用建议,为山区土地资源化开发利用提供指导。  相似文献   

从气候角度提高鲜奶产量的潜力   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

沈亚平  包士芳  杨仲生  施和秋  沈建华 《气象》1999,25(11):55-57

提出了总奶产量等于生理产奶量加营养产奶量和气候产奶量,即：Ｙ总＝Ｙ１＋Ｙ２＋Ｙ３,并重点讨论气候产奶量Ｙ３和营养产奶量Ｙ２。结果表明,各月平均水汽压,月平均气温,月平均最低气温和月蒸发量４个因子对气候产奶量影响较大,同时找出１９８８年的各月平均水汽压,１９９３年月平均气温,１９８９年月平均最低气温和１９８８年月蒸发量４个最佳气象条件的相似年,它们最利用于提高气候产奶量,其次找到了低产奶原因－产乳高  相似文献   

西安地铁二号线沿线地裂缝特征、危害及对策   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李新生  王静  王万平  王朋朋  宋彦辉  李忠生  张福忠  彭建兵  李喜安 《工程地质学报》2007,15(4):463-468

地裂缝是西安地区典型的地质灾害,对该地区的各类工程建筑、交通设施、城市生命线工程及土地资源造成威胁,尤其是对拟建的西安地铁二号线的施工与安全运营影响更大。本文首先介绍了西安地裂缝的基本特征,然后阐述了西安地铁二号线穿越地裂缝的基本情况。根据实际观测数据及地表累计活动量确定了地铁二号线穿越的各条地裂缝在不同时间段的活动速率及地裂缝活动的影响范围,在此基础上提出了针对地裂缝灾害的防治措施。  相似文献   

公元前186年甘肃武都地震考证与发震构造探讨   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

袁道阳  雷中生  何文贵  熊振  葛伟鹏  刘兴旺  刘百篪 《地震学报》2007,29(6):654-663

根据历史地震资料的重新考证和野外调查,认为现行地震目录所给出的公元前186年甘肃武都地震的参数不确切,应做如下修正:其重破坏区位于武都县桔柑乡——舟曲县坪定乡之间,震中位于武都县两河口附近,震级为7~71/4级, 烈度达Ⅸ~Ⅹ度. 这次地震重破坏区长轴方向为北西西向,大致与该区的迭部——白龙江断裂带中东段走向相吻合, 时间上与探槽揭露的该断裂段最晚一次古地震事件的年代（83plusmn;46）BC之前可以对比. 该断裂段至今仍保存有部分地震形变带的遗迹. 综合分析认为,公元前186年武都7~71/4级地震的发震构造应为迭部-白龙江断裂带的中东段.   相似文献   

Multiscale evolution of surface air temperature in the arid region of Northwest China and its linkages to ocean oscillations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chen  Zhongsheng  Chen  Yaning  Bai  Ling  Xu  Jianhua 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,130(3-4):945-958

Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is one of the most important links in hydrologic circulation and greatly affects regional agricultural production and water resource management. Its variation has drawn more and more attention in the context of global warming. We used the Penman-Monteith method of the Food and Agriculture Organization, based on meteorological factors such as air temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed, and relative humidity to calculate the ETo over 46 meteorological stations located in the Yangtze River Delta, eastern China, from 1957 to 2014. The spatial distributions and temporal trends in ETo were analyzed based on the modified Mann-Kendall trend test and linear regression method, while ArcGIS software was employed to produce the distribution maps. The multiple stepwise regression method was applied in the analysis of the meteorological variable time series to identify the causes of any observed trends in ETo. The results indicated that annual ETo showed an obvious spatial pattern of higher values in the north than in the south. Annual increasing trends were found at 34 meteorological stations (73.91 % of the total), which were mainly located in the southeast. Among them, 12 (26.09 % of the total) stations showed significant trends. We saw a dominance of increasing trends in the monthly ETo except for January, February, and August. The high value zone of monthly ETo appeared in the northwest from February to June, mid-south area from July to August, and southeast coastal area from September to January. The research period was divided into two stages—stage I (1957–1989) and stage II (1990–2014)—to investigate the long-term temporal ETo variation. In stage I, almost 85 % of the total stations experienced decreasing trends, while more than half of the meteorological stations showed significant increasing trends in annual ETo during stage II except in February and September. Relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration were identified as the most dominant meteorological variables influencing annual ETo changes. The results are expected to assist water resource managers and policy makers in making better planning decisions in the research region.  相似文献   

Distribution and accumulation of soil carbon in temperate wetland,northeast China     

Mingzhi Lyu  Lianxi Sheng  Zhongsheng Zhang  Li Zhang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2016,26(3):295-303

Estimating carbon sequestration and nutrient accumulation rates in Northeast China are important to assess wetlands function as carbon sink buffering greenhouse gas increasing in North Asia. The objectives of this study were to estimate accreting rates of carbon and nutrients in typical temperate wetlands. Results indicated that average soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) contents were 37.81%, 1.59% and 0.08% in peatlands, 5.33%, 0.25% and 0.05% in marshes, 2.92%, 0.27% and 0.10% in marshy meadows, respectively. Chronologies reconstructed by 210 Pb in the present work were acceptable and reliable, and the average time to yield 0–40 cm depth sediment cores was 150 years. Average carbon sequestration rate(Carbonsq), nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation rates were 219.4 g C/(m~2·yr), 9.16 g N/(m~2·yr) and 0.46 g P/(m~2·yr) for peatland; 57.13 g C/(m~2·yr), 5.42 g N/(m~2·yr) and 2.16 g P/(m~2·yr) for marshy meadow; 78.35 g C/(m~2·yr), 8.70 g N/(m~2·yr) and 0.71 g P/(m2·yr) for marshy; respectively. Positive relations existed between Carbonsq with nitrogen and precipitations, indicating that Carbonsq might be strengthened in future climate scenarios.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variation of stable isotopes of river waters, water source identification and water security in the Heishui Valley (China) during the dry-season     

Yuhong Liu  Shuqing An  Zhen Xu  Ningjiang Fan  Jun Cui  Zhongsheng Wang  Shirong Liu  Jiayong Pan  Guanghui Lin 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(2):311-319

Spatial variations of δD and δ¹⁸O among seven tributaries and their water sources were investigated in the Heishui Valley of the Yangtze River, China during the dry-season in 2004. A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) test showed that both δD (p?18O (p?=?0.045) spatially varied among the seven tributaries. The plot of δ¹⁸O versus δD for the river water collected at different locations showed that isotopic fractionation occurred during the snow and glacial melting process. The depleted δ¹⁸O and δD in the tributary waters distributed above the local meteoric water line (LMWL) suggested that the glacial and early snowpack meltwater largely recharged these streams during the early spring. The meltwater was isotopically distinguishable from the precipitation and river water, which had been evaporated during warmer and drier times. If glaciers and snow accumulation diminish with future climate warming, the recharge of these tributaries’ baseflow will decline and the security of the water resource in this watershed will be threatened.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and temporal trends of mean precipitation and extremes in the arid region,northwest of China,during 1960–2010     

Huaijun Wang  Yaning Chen  Zhongsheng Chen 《水文研究》2013,27(12):1807-1818

On the basis of daily precipitation records at 76 meteorological stations in the arid region, northwest of China, the spatial and temporal distribution of mean precipitation and extremes were analysed during 1960–2010. The Mann–Kendall trend test and linear least square method were utilized to detect monotonic trends and magnitudes in annual and seasonal mean precipitation and extremes. The results obtained indicate that both the mean precipitation and the extremes have increased except in consecutive dry days, which showed the opposite trend. The changes in amplitude of both mean precipitation and extremes show seasonal variability. On an annual basis, the number of rain days (R0.1) has significantly increased. Meanwhile, the precipitation intensity as reflected by simple daily intensity index (SDII), number of heavy precipitation days (R10), very wet days (R95p), max 1‐day precipitation amount (RX1day) and max 5‐day precipitation amount (RX5day) has also significantly increased. This suggests that the precipitation increase in the arid region is due to the increase in both precipitation frequency and intensity. Trends in extremes are very highly correlated with mean trends of precipitation. The spatial correlation between trends in extremes and trends in the mean is stronger for winter (DJF) than for annual and other seasons. The regional annual and seasonal precipitation and extremes are observed the step jump in mean in the late 1980s. Overall, the results of this study are good indicators of local climate change, which will definitely enhance human mitigation to natural hazards caused by precipitation extremes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源化利用模式          下载免费PDF全文

杨顺  黄海  田尤  谢忠胜 《中国地质调查》2014,6(5):124-130

长江流域涪江上游以高山峡谷地貌为主,人地矛盾突出,水热条件较好的泥石流灾损土地是山区居民主要的生产生活场所,高效利用灾损土地是山区发展的重要途径。通过野外调查,初步查明目前涪江上游42处泥石流灾损土地利用类型主要为耕地、林地和建筑用地,分别占调查总数的41.5%、32.8%和12.1%。这42处泥石流灾损土地总面积为2.47 km²,可利用面积为2.12 km²(含已利用建筑用地等),占调查总面积的86%,潜在可利用面积较高。选取土壤肥力、水土保持特性及工程地质特性3个因子进行泥石流灾损土地资源化利用评价,得出涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源化利用模式。评价结果表明,涪江上游泥石流灾损土地可利用潜力主要以中等和较低程度为主,占调查总数的88.09%,因此,涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源具有较大的开发潜力。另外,本文以涪江上游黄家坝为例,得出4种灾损土地利用模式,即村落聚集优化区模式、现代农业耕作区模式、水土保持缓冲区模式及工民建设潜力区模式,并在此基础上提出相应的灾损土地利用建议,为山区土地资源化开发利用提供指导。  相似文献   

非洲Melut盆地北部不同地区原油有机地球化学特征及意义     

史忠生  程顶胜  白洁  庞文珠  陈彬滔  薛罗  马轮 《地质学报》2023,97(5):1598-1609

为了明确Melut盆地北部不同地区原油母质来源、沉积环境及亲缘关系,采用饱和烃色谱及色谱-质谱方法,开展了盆地北部不同地区原油地球化学特征分析及对比。研究表明,盆地北部各地区原油正构烷烃无明显奇偶优势,Ts/Tm值1.36～3.47、C₃₁升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)比值0.54～0.60、αααC₂₉20S/(20S+20R)与C₂₉αββ/(ααα+αββ)比值大于0.4,总体表现为成熟原油;伽马蜡烷指数普遍小于0.1,C₂₁三环萜烷具有明显优势,Pr/Ph值0.97～2.31,均值1.61,指示其烃源岩形成于弱还原-弱氧化的淡水湖相环境;生油母质为II～III型混合型。不同地区原油母质来源及成熟度有差异：Moleeta次凹东坡原油为单峰后峰态分布,高碳数正构烷烃含量占优势,C₂₄TeT/C₂₃TT平均值大于1,具有明显的陆源高等植物贡献,原油成熟度较低,发育重质—中质油;Jamous次凹深洼区原油为前峰优势的双峰态分布,C₂₄  相似文献