The Effects of Line-Wing Cutoff in LBL Integration on Radiation Calculations          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Hu  SHI Guangyu  LIU Yi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(2):248-255

There are three basic methods in radiative transfer calculations, i.e., line-by-line (LBL) integration, correlated k-distribution method, and band model. The LBL integration is the most accurate of all, in which, there are two quadrature algorithms named in this paper as integration by lines and by sampling "points when calculating atmospheric transmittance in the considered wavenumber region. Because the LBL integration is the most expensive of all, it is necessary and important to save calculation time but increase calculation speed when it is put into use in the daily operation in atmospheric remote sensing and atmospheric sounding. A simplified LBL method is given in this paper on the basis of integration by lines, which increases computational speed greatly with keeping the same accuracy. Then, we discuss the effects of different cutoff schemes on atmospheric absorption coefficient, transmittance, and cooling rate under both of accurate and simplified LBL methods in detail. There are four cutoff schemes described in this paper, i.e., CUTOFFs 1, 2, 3, and 4. It is shown by this numerical study that the way to cut off spectral line-wing has a great effect on the accuracy and speed of radiative calculations. The relative errors of the calculated absorption coefficients for CUTOFF 2 are the largest under different pressures, while for CUTOFF 1, they are less than 2% at most of sampling points and for CUTOFFs 3 or 4, they are ahnost less than 5% in the calculated spectral region, however, the calculation time is reduced greatly. We find in this study that the transmittance in the lower atmosphere is not sensitive to different LBL methods and different cutoff schemes. Whereas for the higher atmosphere, the differences of transmittance results between CUTOFF 2 and each of other three cutoff schemes are the biggest of all no matter for the accurate LBL or for the simplified LBL integrations. By comparison, the best and optimized cutoff scheme is given in this paper finally.  相似文献   

山西省夏季年际气候异常研究2．北少（多）南多（少）雨型     

宋燕  李智才  朱临洪  张世英 《气象》2008,34(2):61-68

采用EOF分解和合成分析方法研究了1960-2003年山西夏季降水异常之北少(多)南多(少)型(第二类雨型)和山西省气温的变化异常.结果表明,两者具有较好的对应关系.分析了第二类异常雨型的时空分布,并给出相应的典型年份.EOF时间系数变化特征揭示了山西夏季降水第二类雨型有显著的年际振荡.利用合成分析,从500hPa位势高度场、纬向风、850hPa风场、700hPa水汽场和水汽输送场等物理量场研究了山西夏季第二类雨型的环流异常特征.结果表明,第二类雨型与弱的东亚夏季风相关联,北多南少和北少南多是弱夏季风的不同表现.山西省夏季降水北多南少年副高呈带状分布,位置偏北,强度较强;中高纬度地区异常波列呈大圆路径分布,在高纬度地区存在纬向排列的- -波列,同时在东亚大陆沿岸存在经向排列的- -波列.并且华北北部有西风异常,北支锋区偏北,由西南向东北水汽输送较强.北少南多年与之相反.海温场分析表明,第二类雨型与中北太平洋海温异常紧密相关.  相似文献   

东亚大气环流由冬向夏的转变时间及其特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

何金海  祁莉  刘丹妮  朱占云 《气象科学》2010,30(5):591-596

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集及CMAP降水资料分析了东亚大气环流由冬转夏的可能时间及其特征。结果表明,3月底4月初,东亚与西太平洋对流层纬向热力差异由东暖西冷转为东冷西暖,对流层低层大陆高压东移,使得纬向气压梯度发生逆转。与此同时,对流层低层偏南风建立,经向垂直环流也发生季节逆转。同时,3月底4月初华南已出现持续性降水雨带。所有这些特征都表明东亚大气环流可能在3月底4月初已经由冬季型开始转为夏季型。  相似文献   

２００６年 ７—９月的台风季节预报试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

沈新勇  朱文达  杜佳  潘维玉 《气象科学》2010,30(5):676-683

运用NCEP/NCAR逐6 h分辨率为25°×25°GRIB资料,用WRF模式采用水平分辨率为27 km×27 km,垂直38层每6 h输出一次的时空分辨率,对2006年7—9月对西太平洋地区台风为主的天气系统进行季节预报试验。综合低层涡度、地面10 m处风速、海平面气压、暖心结构和持续时间对模式输出资料进行台风生成判定和路径追踪。7月1日—9月30日模拟吻合较好的台风、强热带风暴、热带风暴和热带低压的比例为4/9、1/3、0/1和0/1;模拟较差的比例分别为3/9、1/3、1/1和1/1;漏报率分别为2/9、1/3、0/1和0/1。模拟空报了2个台风、9个强热带风暴和3个热带风暴。模拟台风强度偏弱和吻合较差的原因可能与模式的分辨率、〖JP2〗微物理过程参数设置和积分步长有关。空报的台风、强热带风暴可能与模式自身特点、相关海区的特性和热带波动有关。  相似文献   

豫西深秋一次典型超级单体风暴的多普勒雷达分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吕作俊  朱伟军  牛淑贞  陈红霞  效文娟 《气象与环境科学》2010,33(3):33-40

利用三门峡市多普勒天气雷达资料,分析了2009年10月4日发生在河南渑池县的一次产生冰雹的超级单体风暴的回波结构及演变特征,结果表明:超级单体是在上冷下暖的大尺度环流背景和不稳定层结下产生的;其演变过程经历了生成、发展、成熟、消亡四个阶段;局地生成的弱回波若发展较快,速度场中又有逆风区与之配合,则容易发展成超级单体风暴,应引起高度重视;发展阶段回波强度加速增大,诸如底层钩状回波、有界弱回波区、中气旋等超级单体的典型结构特征开始出现,是发布预警的关键时段,大约可以提前15-30 min;成熟阶段最重要的特征是持续存在的中气旋。超级单体风暴其初始回波出现在4 km左右的中空,具有向上向下迅速发展的特点;最强回波强度大,顶高伸展高;当最强回波底到达地面时意味着冰雹、降水的开始,因而可以通过分析最强回波顶高的演变趋势来确定降雹强弱和时间;VIL可用来判断对流风暴强度,持续高的VIL值可能与超级单体风暴有关。  相似文献   

TMI微波亮温反演热带气旋KUJIRA(T0302)降水结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

元慧慧  王彦磊  李杰  路泽廷  郑红莲  朱尚卿 《气象与环境科学》2010,33(1):7-11

利用热带降雨测量卫星的微波成像仪(TMI)和星载测雨雷达(PR)资料,选取2003年第2号热带气旋KUJIRA降水个例,采用高频通道直接组合方案和全通道间接对数组合方案建立了多频道线性回归算式,对4种不同分辨率(0.1、0.2、0.25、0.5)进行了TMI反演降水试验。结果表明,运用全通道间接对数组合法反演降水效果明显优于常用的高频通道反演效果,且更稳定,因此,低频通道微波信息在降水反演中的作用是不可忽视的。运用0.2和0.25分辨率反演降水效果优于0.1和0.5分辨率,其中0.2分辨率更具实际应用价值。  相似文献   

Summertime atmospheric teleconnection pattern associated with a warming over the eastern Tibetan Plateau     

朱伟军 《大气科学进展》2009,26(3):413-422

By using a surface air temperature index (SATI) averaged over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), investigation is conducted on the short-term climate variation associated with the interannual air warming (or cooling) over the TP in each summer month. Evidence suggests that the SATI is associated with a consistent teleconnection pattern extending from the TP to central-western Asia and southeastern Europe. Associated rainfall changes include, for a warming case, a drought in northern India in May and June, and a stronger mei-yu front in June. The latter is due to an intensified upper-level northeasterly in eastern China and a wetter and warmer condition over the eastern TP. In the East Asian regions, the time-space distributions of the correlation patterns between SATI and rainfall are more complex and exhibit large differences from month to month. Some studies have revealed a close relationship between the anomalous heating over the TP and the rainfall anomaly along the Yangtze River valley appearing in the summer on a seasonal mean time-scale, whereas in the present study, this relationship only appears in June and the signal's significance becomes weaker after the long-term trend in the data was excluded. Close correlations between SATI and the convection activity and SST also occur in the western Pacific in July and August: A zonally-elongated warm tone in the SST in the northwestern Pacific seems to be a passive response of the associated circulation related to a warm SATI. The SATI-associated teleconnection pattern provides a scenario consistently linking the broad summer rainfall anomalies in Europe, central-western Asia, India, and East Asia.  相似文献   

The Antarctic oscillation-East Asian summer monsoon connections in NCEP-1 and ERA-40   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

祝亚丽 《大气科学进展》2009,26(4):707-716

Connections between the spring Antarctic Oscillation(AAO)and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM)in two reanalysis datasets—NCEP-1(NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1)and ERA-40(ECMWF 40- year Reanalysis)—are investigated in this study.Both show significant correlation between AAO and EASM rainfall over the Yangtze River valley,especially after about 1985.Though ERA-40 shows weaker anomalous signals connecting AAO and EASM over southern high latitudes than NCEP-1,both datasets reveal similar connecting patterns between ...  相似文献   

一次飑线过程多普勒雷达资料分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李淑玲  刁秀广  朱敏  刘爱荣 《气象》2009,35(3):60-65

利用济南CINRAD/SA多普勒雷达产品,针对2006年7月5日飑线天气过程,分析回波发展演变、流场结构,讨论外流边界、强下沉气流与大风的关系,分析组合反射率因子、垂直液态含水量、中气旋产品特征.结果发现,飑线过境时风速出现两个极大值,一个出现在外流边界影响时段,另一个发生在强回波下沉气流影响时段;在横槽南下过程中,飑线后部强入流不断补充,前侧暖湿气流沿着后部入流爬升,不断产生新的单体,使得风暴得以维持发展;在垂直流场结构上表现为前侧暖湿气流倾斜上升,然后主体部分向后倾斜,后部有冷空气注入,形成下沉气流,下沉气流在地面附近辐散,与前侧入流形成低层阵风锋,是造成地面破坏性大风的主要因素.在水平流场结构上表现为低层存在气流辐合上升运动,中层有气旋性旋转气流,风暴高层为辐散气流.飑线消散阶段后期中层出现MARC,带来大风天气,而同时伴有冰雹天气的风灾产生在飑线达到最强至开始减弱的时段.当回波强度≥50dBz,且垂直液态含水量≥35kg·m-2,当有中气旋时,有利于产生冰雹和大风天气;外流边界的出现,反映了强对流回波后部下沉气流较强,是灾害性大风的前兆.  相似文献   

A dataset of global ocean surface currents for 1999-2007 derived from Argo float trajectories: Comparison with surface drifter and TAO measurements          下载免费PDF全文

Xie Jiping  Zhu Jiang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(2):97-102

A dataset of surface current vectors with error estimate from 1999 to 2007 is derived from the trajectories of the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography （Argo） drifting on surface over the global ocean. The error of the estimated surface currents is about 4.7 cm s-1 which is equivalent to the accuracy of the currents determined from the surface drifters. Geographically, the Argo-derived surface currents can fill many gaps left by the Global Drifter Program due to the greater number of floats, and can provide a complementary in situ observational system for monitoring global ocean surface currents. The surface currents from the Argo floats are compared with the surface drifter-derived currents and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean program （TAO） measurements. The comparisons show good agreement for both the current amplitude and the direction of surface currents. Results indicate the feasibility of obtaining ocean surface currents from the Argo array and of combining the surface currents from Argo and the ocean surface drifters for in situ mapping of the global surface currents. The authors also make the dataset available to users of interest for many types of applications.  相似文献