The accuracy of standard enthalpies and entropies for phases of petrological interest derived from density-functional calculations     

Artur?BenisekEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Edgar?Dachs 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(11):90

The internal energies and entropies of 21 well-known minerals were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT), viz. kyanite, sillimanite, andalusite, albite, microcline, forsterite, fayalite, diopside, jadeite, hedenbergite, pyrope, grossular, talc, pyrophyllite, phlogopite, annite, muscovite, brucite, portlandite, tremolite, and CaTiO₃–perovskite. These thermodynamic quantities were then transformed into standard enthalpies of formation from the elements and standard entropies enabling a direct comparison with tabulated values. The deviations from reference enthalpy and entropy values are in the order of several kJ/mol and several J/mol/K, respectively, from which the former is more relevant. In the case of phase transitions, the DFT-computed thermodynamic data of involved phases turned out to be accurate and using them in phase diagram calculations yields reasonable results. This is shown for the Al₂SiO₅ polymorphs. The DFT-based phase boundaries are comparable to those derived from internally consistent thermodynamic data sets. They even suggest an improvement, because they agree with petrological observations concerning the coexistence of kyanite?+?quartz?+?corundum in high-grade metamorphic rocks, which are not reproduced correctly using internally consistent data sets. The DFT-derived thermodynamic data are also accurate enough for computing the P–T positions of reactions that are characterized by relatively large reaction enthalpies (>?100 kJ/mol), i.e., dehydration reactions. For reactions with small reaction enthalpies (a few kJ/mol), the DFT errors are too large. They, however, are still far better than enthalpy and entropy values obtained from estimation methods.  相似文献   

Carbon costs and benefits of France’s biomass energy production targets     

Aude?ValadeEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Sebastiaan?Luyssaert  Patrick?Vallet  Sylvestre?Njakou Djomo  Ingride?Jesus Van Der Kellen  Valentin?Bellassen 《Carbon balance and management》2018,13(1):26

  相似文献   

北黄海北部海域潮余流的模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄炳智  胡泽建  金永德  迟万清  刘鑫仓  刘豪 《海岸工程》2019,38(2):134-143

基于二维水动力模型,在仅考虑潮流作用条件下,通过计算欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流并结合粒子追踪方法研究了辽宁大连—朝鲜龙渊郡连线北侧的北黄海北部海域的潮余流结构和粒子运移的趋势。结果表明:欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流流速整体较小,呈现由南向北的流向,但在獐子岛及长山群岛的附近岛屿和朝鲜半岛沿岸的海域欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流流速较大。对比粒子追踪计算的结果与欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流的结果表明,流向与粒子运移路径基本一致。该海湾的余流及粒子运动规律特点对辽东半岛东岸及朝鲜半岛西侧海域的排污及污染控制有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Analysis of seafloor backscatter strength dependence on the survey azimuth using multibeam echosounder data     

Xavier?LurtonEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Dimitrios?Eleftherakis  Jean-Marie?Augustin 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2018,39(1-2):183-203

The sediment backscatter strength measured by multibeam echosounders is a key feature for seafloor mapping either qualitative (image mosaics) or quantitative (extraction of classifying features). An important phenomenon, often underestimated, is the dependence of the backscatter level on the azimuth angle imposed by the survey line directions: strong level differences at varying azimuth can be observed in case of organized roughness of the seabed, usually caused by tide currents over sandy sediments. This paper presents a number of experimental results obtained from shallow-water cruises using a 300-kHz multibeam echosounder and specially dedicated to the study of this azimuthal effect, with a specific configuration of the survey strategy involving a systematic coverage of reference areas following “compass rose” patterns. The results show for some areas a very strong dependence of the backscatter level, up to about 10-dB differences at intermediate oblique angles, although the presence of these ripples cannot be observed directly—neither from the bathymetry data nor from the sonar image, due to the insufficient resolution capability of the sonar. An elementary modeling of backscattering from rippled interfaces explains and comforts these observations. The consequences of this backscatter dependence upon survey azimuth on the current strategies of backscatter data acquisition and exploitation are discussed.  相似文献   

Long term evolution of distant retrograde orbits in the Earth-Moon system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Collin?BezroukEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Jeffrey?S.?Parker 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2017,362(9):176

This work studies the evolution of several Distant Retrograde Orbits (DROs) of varying size in the Earth-Moon system over durations up to tens of millennia. This analysis is relevant for missions requiring a completely hands off, long duration quarantine orbit, such as a Mars Sample Return mission or the Asteroid Redirect Mission. Four DROs are selected from four stable size regions and are propagated for up to 30,000 years with an integrator that uses extended precision arithmetic techniques and a high fidelity dynamical model. The evolution of the orbit’s size, shape, orientation, period, out-of-plane amplitude, and Jacobi constant are tracked. It has been found that small DROs, with minor axis amplitudes of approximately 45,000 km or less decay in size and period largely due to the Moon’s solid tides. Larger DROs (62,000 km and up) are more influenced by the gravity of bodies external to the Earth-Moon system, and remain bound to the Moon for significantly less time.  相似文献   

A comparison of windows and maximum entropy methods for MT transfer function estimation     

Carlos Emilio Moyano

Ana Marí  a Osella 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1990,60(1-4):62-67

The ability of the Maximum Entropy Spectral Estimate (MEM) to handle magnetotelluric signals was investigated. To this end simulations of naturally occurring signals and real data were spectral analyzed both by a standard FFT technique and by MEM. The method developed for the simulation of the time series, provides accurate amplitudes and phase, and turns out to be a good test procedure for spectral analysis methods, as they apply to MT signal processing. The final estimation of the apparent resistivity was better achieved by the FFT technique. Oscillations were observed in the estimation of the apparent resistivities by MEM.  相似文献   

IAP GCM模式大气背景环流在厄尔尼诺年的异常     

王盘兴  刘家铭 《南京气象学院学报》1991,14(4):503-509

本文分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气环流模式(IAP GCM)模式大气5～9月平均环流(本文称为背景环流)。结果表明;厄尔尼诺年一系列重要系统(南方涛动、瓦克环流、哈德莱环流、西太平洋副热带高压和热带辐合带)及大范围降水均发生明显异常;北半球西太平洋热带、副热带是环流异常的主要区域。它们与观测资料的分析结果基本一致,从而论证了该模式在低纬环流研究中的应用前景。  相似文献   

Analysis of the IMS Location Accuracy in Northern Eurasia and North America Using Regional and Global Pn Travel-time Tables     

Russian Federation/ United States Calibration Working Group 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(1-2):59-77

—?Joint Research Program of Seismic Calibration of the International Monitoring System (IMS) in Northern Eurasia and North America has been signed by the Nuclear Treaty Programs Office (NTPO), Department of Defense USA, and the Special Monitoring Service (SMS) of the Ministry of Defense, Russian Federation (RF). Under the Program historical data from nuclear and large chemical explosions of known location and shot time, together with appropriate geological and geophysical data, has been used to derive regional Pn/P travel-time tables for seismic event location within the lower 48 States of the USA and the European part of the RF. These travel-time tables are up to 5?seconds faster in shields than the IASPEI91 tables, and up to 5?seconds slower in the Western USA. Relocation experiments using the regional Pn travel-time curves and surrogate networks for the IMS network generally improved locations for regional seismic events. The distance between true and estimated location (mislocation) was decreased from an average of 18.8?km for the IASPEI91 tables to 10.1?km for the regional Pn travel-time tables. However, the regional travel-time table approach has limitations caused by travel-time variations inside major tectonic provinces and paths crossing several tectonic provinces with substantially different crustal and upper mantle velocity structure.¶The RF members of the Calibration Working Group (WG): Colonel Vyacheslav Gordon (chairman); Dr. Prof. Marat Mamsurov, and Dr. Nikolai Vasiliev. The US members of the WG: Dr. Anton Dainty (chairman), Dr. Douglas Baumgardt, Mr. John Murphy, Dr. Robert North, and Dr. Vladislav Ryaboy.  相似文献   

IAP GCM模式大气波谱结构及其在厄尔尼诺年的异常     

王盘兴  刘家铭  沈素红 《南京气象学院学报》1992,(1)

本文分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气环流模式(IAP GCM)模式大气波谱结构(沿纬圈的谐波波谱和时域上的频率谱)及其在厄尔尼诺年的异常。结果表明,超长波是低纬波动的主要空间形式,准40天振荡在一定地理区域内显著存在,并与观测结果有一定联系,它们在厄尔尼诺年均发生明显异常。本工作对鉴定GCM性能及开发GCM的研究领域可能是一种有益的尝试。  相似文献   

Multi-spacecraft observations of heliographic structure of the solar wind speed     

W. Miyake

K. Kobayashi

K. -I. Oyama  T. Mukai

T. Abe

T. Terasawa

K. Yumoto  T. Saito

K. Hirao

A. J. Lazarus

A. D. Johnstone 《Planetary and Space Science》1988,36(12):1329-1342

Multi-spacecraft observations in the interplanetary space are used to build up a picture of the distribution of solar wind velocities in heliographic latitude and longitude. Analyses are made for the solar wind data obtained by Sakigake, Suiseii>, IMPi>-8 and Giottoi> between late 1985 and early 1987. Until Janaury 1986, high-speed streams were extended across the equator from the high latitudes of the heliosphere. After March 1986, high-speed streams were rarely seen on the equator. Although there remained a slight wavy pattern in latitude-longitude structure, low-speed streams were basically ranged along the equator. After January 1987, the amplitude of this wavy pattern was further diminished and low-speed regions were completely aligned to the equator.  相似文献