扩孔螺栓连接型消能梁段的力学模型及参数研究          下载免费PDF全文

张波  胡淑军  熊进刚  王雪飞  曾思智 《世界地震工程》2019,35(3):073-82

当前国家对建筑结构的抗震性能和震后功能恢复能力提出了更高要求。基于短剪切型消能梁段的受剪屈服特性和剪切扩孔型螺栓连接的受剪滑移性能,提出一种新型扩孔螺栓连接型消能梁段,可有效增大消能梁段的延性和耗能能力并同时减小消能梁段的损伤,使带扩孔螺栓连接型消能梁段的新型Y形偏心支撑结构更好地适应当前要求。采用有限元方法详细分析扩孔螺栓连接型消能梁段的滞回性能、破坏模式和耗能机理,由此得到其骨架曲线和力学模型,并阐述其力学模型的影响参数,为相应偏心支撑结构的设计和分析提供理论依据。  相似文献   

机械连接预应力实心方桩承台节点抗震性能试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙传智  缪长青  李爱群    鲜铖  朱方之 《世界地震工程》2019,35(4):039-49

预应力管桩在高烈度抗震设防地区已禁用,而普通钢筋混凝土方桩成本较高。首先针对卡扣式机械连接预应力混凝土实心方桩、PHC管桩和普通钢筋混凝土方桩与承台处的节点进行拟静力试验,并利用试验数据针对Park-Ang损伤模型进行了修正,进行了损伤指数分析。研究结果表明:预应力方桩比普通钢筋混凝土方桩的抗裂性能明显好,而预应力混凝土实心方桩承台节点耗能能力和延性低于预应力管桩和普通钢筋混凝土方桩;截桩施工导致桩端部损失部分预应力,相比较未截桩试件屈服荷载和极限荷载均减小,节点裂缝开展较早,损伤较未截桩试件严重;增配普通钢筋试件的滞回曲线比较饱满,水平承载能力和位移延性得到提升,节点抗震性能得到提升与改善;预应力混凝土实心方桩损伤前期较小,而一旦发生损伤后,损伤指数发展较快。  相似文献   

Experimental calibration of Forsterite–Anorthite–Ca-Tschermak–Enstatite (FACE) geobarometer for mantle peridotites     

P.?FumagalliEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  G.?Borghini  E.?Rampone  S.?Poli 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(6):38

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High- and low-Cr chromitite and dunite in a Tibetan ophiolite: evolution from mature subduction system to incipient forearc in the Neo-Tethyan Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qing?XiongEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Hadrien?Henry  William?L.?Griffin  Jian-Ping?Zheng  Takako?Satsukawa  Norman?J.?Pearson  Suzanne?Y.?O’Reilly 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(6):45

The microstructures, major- and trace-element compositions of minerals and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) maps of high- and low-Cr# [spinel Cr# = Cr³⁺/(Cr³⁺ + Al³⁺)] chromitites and dunites from the Zedang ophiolite in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture (South Tibet) have been used to reveal their genesis and the related geodynamic processes in the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. The high-Cr# (0.77–0.80) chromitites (with or without diopside exsolution) have chromite compositions consistent with initial crystallization by interaction between boninitic magmas, harzburgite and reaction-produced magmas in a shallow, mature mantle wedge. Some high-Cr# chromitites show crystal-plastic deformation and grain growth on previous chromite relics that have exsolved needles of diopside. These features are similar to those of the Luobusa high-Cr# chromitites, possibly recycled from the deep upper mantle in a mature subduction system. In contrast, mineralogical, chemical and EBSD features of the Zedang low-Cr# (0.49–0.67) chromitites and dunites and the silicate inclusions in chromite indicate that they formed by rapid interaction between forearc basaltic magmas (MORB-like but with rare subduction input) and the Zedang harzburgites in a dynamically extended, incipient forearc lithosphere. The evidence implies that the high-Cr# chromitites were produced or emplaced in an earlier mature arc (possibly Jurassic), while the low-Cr# associations formed in an incipient forearc during the initiation of a new episode of Neo-Tethyan subduction at ~130–120 Ma. This two-episode subduction model can provide a new explanation for the coexistence of high- and low-Cr# chromitites in the same volume of ophiolitic mantle.  相似文献   

A Nd- and O-isotope study of the REE-rich peralkaline Strange Lake granite: implications for Mesoproterozoic A-type magmatism in the Core Zone (NE-Canada)     

Karin?SiegelEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Anthony?E.?Williams-Jones  Ross?Stevenson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(7):54

It is well established that A-type granites enriched in high field strength elements, such as Zr, Nb and the REE, form in anorogenic tectonic settings. The sources of these elements and the processes controlling their unusual enrichment, however, are still debated. They are addressed here using neodymium and oxygen isotope analyses of samples from the 1.24 Ga Strange Lake pluton in the Paleoproterozoic Core Zone of Québec-Labrador, an A-type granitic body characterized by hyper-enrichment in the REE, Zr, and Nb. Age-corrected εNd values for bulk rock samples and sodic amphiboles (mainly arfvedsonite) from the pluton range from ?0.6 to ?5.7, and ?0.3 to ?5.3, respectively. The εNd values for the Napeu Kainiut quartz monzonite, which hosts the pluton, range from ?4.8 to ?8.1. The ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of the suite and the host quartz monzonite range from 0.0967 to 0.1659, large variations that can be explained by in situ fractionation of early LREE-minerals (Strange Lake), and late hydrothermal HREE remobilization. Oxygen isotope analyses of quartz of both Strange Lake and the host yielded δ¹⁸O values between +8.2 and +9.1, which are considerably higher than the mantle value of 5.7 ± 0.2‰. Bulk rock oxygen isotope analyses of biotite-gneisses in the vicinity of the Strange Lake pluton yielded δ¹⁸O values of 6.3, 8.6 and 9.6‰. The negative εNd values and positive δ¹⁸O values of the Strange Lake and Napeu Kainiut samples indicate that both magmas experienced considerable crustal contamination. The extent of this contamination was estimated, assuming that the contaminants were sedimentary-derived rocks from the underlying Archean Mistinibi (para-) gneiss complex, which is characterized by low εNd and high δ¹⁸O values. Mixing of 5–15% of a gneiss, having an εNd value of ?15 and a δ¹⁸O value of +11, with a moderately enriched mantle source (εNd = +0.9, δ¹⁸O = +6.3) would produce values similar to those obtained for the Strange Lake granites. Based on analogies between the Nain Plutonic Suite and the Gardar alkaline igneous province (SW-Greenland), we conclude that the Strange Lake pluton and associated REE-mineralized anorogenic bodies formed from a combination of subduction-induced fertilization of the sublithospheric mantle, crustal extension and in situ magma evolution.  相似文献   

The geochemical and petrological characteristics of prenatal caldera volcano: a case of the newly formed small dacitic caldera,Hijiori, Northeast Japan     

Isoji?MiyagiEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Noriko?Kita  Yuichi?Morishita 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(9):79

Evaluating the magma depth and its physical properties is critical to conduct a better geophysical assessment of magma chambers of caldera volcanoes that may potentially cause future volcanic hazards. To understand pre-eruptive conditions of a magma chamber before its first appearance at the surface, this paper describes the case of Hijiori caldera volcano in northeastern Japan, which emerged approximately 12,000 years ago at a place where no volcano ever existed. We estimated the depth, density, bulk modulus, vesicularity, crystal content, and bulk H\(_2\)O content of the magma chamber using petrographic interpretations, bulk and microchemical compositions, and thermodynamic calculations. The chemical mass balance calculations and thermodynamic modeling of the erupted magmas indicate that the upper portion of the Hijiori magmatic plumbing system was located at depths between 2 and 4 km, and had the following characteristics: (1) pre-eruptive temperature: about 780 \(^{\circ }\)C; (2) bulk magma composition: 66 ± 1.5 wt% SiO\(_{2}\); (3) bulk magmatic H\(_2\)O: approximately 2.5 wt%, and variable characteristics that depend on depth; (4) crystal content: \(\le\)57 vol%; (5) bulk modulus of magma: 0.1–0.8 GPa; (6) magma density: 1.8–2.3 g/cm³; and (7) amount of excess magmatic H\(_2\)O: 11–32 vol% or 48–81 mol%. The range of melt water contents found in quartz-hosted melt inclusions (2–9 wt%) suggests the range of depth phenocrysts growth to be wide (2\(\sim\)13 km). Our data suggest the presence of a vertically elongated magma chamber whose top is nearly solidified but highly vesiculated; this chamber has probably grown and re-mobilized by repeated injections of a small amount of hot dacitic magma originated from the depth.  相似文献   

Unravelling the magmatic system beneath a monogenetic volcanic complex (Jagged Rocks Complex,Hopi Buttes,AZ, USA)     

G.?ReEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  J.?M.?Palin  J.?D.?L.?White  M.?Parolari 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(11-12):94

The Jagged Rocks complex is the eroded remnant of the plumbing systems of closely spaced monogenetic alkaline volcanic centres in the southern Hopi Buttes Volcanic Field (AZ, USA). It contains different clinopyroxene populations with distinctive textures and geochemical patterns. In the Northwestern part of the complex, which exposes the best developed system of conduits, most of the clinopyroxenes consist of large- to medium-sized resorbed cores overgrown by euhedral rims (type 1), small moderately resorbed greenish cores with the same overgrown rims (type 2), and phlogopite as an accessory phase. By contrast, in the Southern part of the complex the majority of clinopyroxenes are euhedral with oscillatory zonation (type 3) and are accompanied by minor euhedral olivine. The differences between these mineral assemblages indicate a composite history of crystallization and magmatic evolution for the two parts of the complex, governed by different mechanisms and ascent patterns from a single source at ~ 50 km depth (16 kbar). The Northwest system preserves a high-pressure assemblage that cooled rapidly from near-liquidus conditions, suggesting direct ascent from the source to the surface at high-to-moderate transport rates (average ~ 1.25 m/s). By contrast, the Southern system represents magma that advanced upward at much lower overall ascent rates, stalling at times to form small-volume mid-crustal storage zones (e.g., sills or a network of sheeted intrusions); this allowed the re-equilibration of the magma at lower pressure (~ 30 km; 8 kbar), and led to nucleation and growth of euhedral clinopyroxene and olivine phenocrysts.  相似文献   

High temperature gas–solid reactions in calc–silicate Cu–Au skarn formation; Ertsberg,Papua Province,Indonesia     

Richard?W.?HenleyEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Frank?J.?Brink  Penelope?L.?King  Clyde?Leys  Jibamitra?Ganguly  Terrance?Mernagh  Jill?Middleton  Christian?J.?Renggli  Melanie?Sieber  Ulrike?Troitzsch  Michael?Turner 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(11-12):106

The 2.7–3 Ma Ertsberg East Skarn System (Indonesia), adjacent to the giant Grasberg Porphyry Copper deposit, is part of the world’s largest system of Cu–Au skarn deposits. Published fluid inclusion and stable isotope data show that it formed through the flux of magma-derived fluid through contact metamorphosed carbonate rock sequences at temperatures well above 600° C and pressures of less than 50 MPa. Under these conditions, the fluid has very low density and the properties of a gas. Combining a range of micro-analytical techniques, high-resolution QEMSCAN mineral mapping and computer-assisted X-ray micro-tomography, an array of coupled gas–solid reactions may be identified that controlled reactive mass transfer through the ~ 1 km³ hydrothermal skarn system. Vacancy-driven mineral chemisorption reactions are identified as a new type of reactive transport process for high-temperature skarn alteration. These gas–solid reactions are maintained by the interaction of unsatisfied bonds on mineral surfaces and dipolar gas-phase reactants such as SO₂ and HCl that are continuously supplied through open fractures and intergranular diffusion. Principal reactions are (a) incongruent dissolution of almandine-grossular to andradite and anorthite (an alteration mineral not previously recognized at Ertsberg), and (b) sulfation of anorthite to anhydrite. These sulfation reactions also generate reduced sulfur with consequent co-deposition of metal sulfides. Diopside undergoes similar reactions with deposition of Fe-enriched pyroxene in crypto-veins and vein selvedges. The loss of calcium from contact metamorphic garnet to form vein anhydrite necessarily results in Fe-enrichment of wallrock, and does not require Fe-addition from a vein fluid as is commonly assumed.  相似文献   

CrystalMom: a new model for the evolution of crystal size distributions in magmas with the quadrature-based method of moments     

Colucci?SimoneEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  de’?Michieli?Vitturi?Mattia  Landi?Patrizia 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(11-12):100

Nucleation and growth of crystals, and the resulting crystal size distribution, play a fundamental role in controlling the physical properties of magmas and consequently the dynamics of the eruptions. In the past decades, laboratory experiments demonstrated that size and shape of crystals strongly control the physical properties of magma and lava. Additionally, natural and experimental samples are usually characterized in terms of their crystal size distribution to link it with physical processes that are not directly observable, such as cooling or decompression mechanisms. In this paper, we present CrystalMoM, a new predictive model, based on the quadrature-based method of moments, developed for studying the kinetic of crystallization in volcanic systems. The quadrature-based method of moments, well established in the field of chemical engineering, represents a mesoscale modelling approach that rigorously simulates the space–time evolution of a distribution of particles, by considering its moments. The method is applied here, for the first time, for studying the equilibrium/disequilibrium crystallization in magma, modelling the temporal evolution of the moments of a crystal size distribution. The model, verified against numerical and experimental data, represents a valuable tool to infer the cooling and decompression rates from the crystal size distribution observed in natural samples.  相似文献   

Abyssal and hydrated mantle wedge serpentinised peridotites: a comparison of the 15$$^\circ$$20$$'$$′N fracture zone and New Caledonia serpentinites     

Fiona?Elizabeth?Mothersole  Katy?EvansEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  B.?Ronald?Frost 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(8):69

Subduction of serpentinised mantle transfers oxidised and hydrated mantle lithosphere into the Earth, with consequences for the oxidation state of sub-arc mantle and the genesis of arc-related ore deposits. The role of subducted serpentinised mantle lithosphere in earth system processes is uncertain because subduction fluxes are poorly constrained. Most subducted serpentinised mantle is serpentinised on the ocean floor settings. Yet this material is poorly represented in the literature because it is difficult to access. Large volumes of accessible serpentinite are available in ophiolite complexes, and most interpretations of subduction fluxes associated with ultramafic rocks are based on ophiolite studies. Seafloor and ophiolite serpentinisation can occur under different conditions, so it is necessary to assess if ophiolite serpentinites are a good proxy for seafloor serpentinites. Serpentinites sampled during ODP cruise 209 were compared with serpentinites from New Caledonia. The ODP209 serpentinites were serpentinised by modified seawater in a shallow hydrothermal seafloor setting. The New Caledonia serpentinites were serpentinised in a mantle wedge setting by slab-derived fluids, with possible contributions from oceanic serpentinisation and post-obduction serpentinisation. Petrological, whole rock and mineralogical analyses were combined to compare the two sample sets. Petrologically, the evolution of serpentinisation was close to identical in the two environments. However, more oxidised iron, Cl, S and C is present in serpentine from the ODP209 serpentinites relative to the New Caledonia serpentinites. Given these observations, the use of serpentinites from different geodynamic settings as a proxy for abyssal serpentinites from spreading settings must be undertaken with caution.  相似文献