The internal structure of the Arosa Zone (Swiss-Austrian Alps)     

Uwe Ring  Lothar Ratschbacher  Wolfgang Frisch  Sören DÜrr  Susanne Borchert 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1990,79(3):725-739

The Arosa Zone, part of the main Alpine suture zone between the Austroalpine and the Penninic realms, forms a heterogeneous unit composed of rocks of oceanic and continental origin. It exhibits mélange character due to minor sedimentary mixing and local penetrative tectonic deformation during Cretaceous and Early Tertiary imbrication. Competent blocks of both Austroalpine and Penninic origin, covering up to 2.5 km², are embedded in incompetent serpentinitic or shaly-calcareous matrix. On a mesoscale, disrupted strata occur in and adjacent to thrust and shear zones. Contrasting competence between blocks and matrix partitioned deformation into brittle and ductile processes. Extension veins and shear fractures affected the competent strata whereas the matrix developed a penetrative foliation during ductile flow and accommodated high strain. Flow was mainly non-coaxial in the matrix, and coaxial extension prevailed in the blocks.In a regional tectonic setting, we define the Arosa Zone as the tectonostratigraphic unit sandwiched between the Austroalpine and Penninic units. It forms a narrow and highly imbricated zone containing both South Penninic ophiolitic and sedimentary rocks as well as blocks and slices of Austroalpine origin.

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Zusammenfassung Die Arosa Zone ist Teil der Alpinen Suturzone zwischen Ostalpin und Pennimkum und bildet eine lithologisch heterogene Einheit aus kontinentalen und ozeanischen Gesteinen. Sie zeigt den Charakter einer Melange, die aus, untergeordnet, sedimentärer Durchmischung und lokaler, aber penetrativer tektonischer Deformation während kretazisch und alttertiärer Tektonik resultiert. Kompetente Blöcke ostalpiner und penninischer Herkunft, die bis zu 3 km im Streichen verfolgbar sind, schwimmen in einer inkompetenten serpentinitischen oder tonig-karbonatischen Matrix. Im Mesobereich treten zerbrochene Gesteinsabfolgen in oder direkt an Überschiebungs- und Scherzonen auf. Unterschiedliche Kompetenz zwischen Blöcken und Matrix teilt die Deformation in spröde und duktile Prozesse auf. Die kompetenten Gesteine zeigen Extensionsspalten und Scherbrüche, in der Matrix entwickelte sich durch duktiles Fließen eine penetrative Schieferung bei hoher Strainintensität. Die Deformation in der Matrix war hauptsächlich nicht-koaxial, koaxiale Extension herrschte in den Blöcken.Im regionalen tektonischen Rahmen definieren wir die Arosa Zone als tektonostratigraphische Einheit zwischen Ostalpin und Penninikum. Sie bildet eine schmale, stark imbrikierte Zone die, aus südpenninischen ophiolithischen und sedimentären Gesteinen, sowie aus Blöcken und Spänen ostalpiner Herkunft aufgebaut wird.

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Résumé La Zone d'Arosa, partie de la zone de suture alpine entre l'Austro-alpin et le Pennique, forme une unité hétérogène composée de roches d'origines océanique et continentale. Elle présente le caractère d'un mélange qui résulte d'un brassage sédimentaire mineur, et de déformations tectoniques, locales mais pénétratives, au cours du Crétacé et du Tertiaire ancien. Des blocs compétents de l'Austro-alpin et du Pennique qui couvrent jusqu'à 2.5 km², sont enrobés dans une matrice incompétente serpentineuse ou argilo-calcaire. A moyenne échelle, les couches disloquées se rencontrent dans les zones charriées et cisaillées, ou y sont adjacentes. La différence de compétence entre les blocs et la matrice répartit la déformation en processus cassants et ductiles. Les roches compétentes montrent des fentes d'extension et des fractures de cisaillement, alors que dans la matrice, sous l'action d'un flux ductile et d'une intensité de contrainte élevée, se développe une foliation pénétrative. La déformation fut principalement non coaxiale dans la matrice et coaxiale dans les blocs d'extension.Dans un cadre tectonique régional, nous définissons la Zone d'Arosa comme une unité tectonostratigraphique prise entre l'Austro-alpin et le Pennique. Elle constitue une zone étroite et fortement imbriquée composée aussi bien de roches ophiolitiques du Sud-Pennique et de roches sédimentaires, que de blocs et d'écaillés de l'Austro-alpin.

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1521号台风“杜鹃”生成阶段中尺度对流系统和降水演变特征     

王科  陈光华  吕欣宇  李兴良 《大气科学》2021,45(1):73-87

在热带气旋的生成过程中,从热带扰动向热带低压增强的过程研究较少,而这一过程必定伴随着中尺度对流系统（MCS）的生成、合并和发展。本文利用FNL分析资料和高分辨率模式对1521号台风“杜鹃”生成前3天进行数值模拟,着重探讨了“杜鹃”生成过程中MCS的发展演变特征。在“杜鹃”生成过程中,对流层上部槽（TUTT）位置偏东,“杜鹃”主要从季风涡旋（MG）的东南侧边缘向西北方向移动,因此,减弱的大尺度垂直风切和MG东南侧的低层辐合都为“杜鹃”的生成提供了有利的动力条件。在“杜鹃”生成前期阶段,新生成更多的MCS有利于在热带扰动阶段“杜鹃”的增强;“杜鹃”生成的中后期阶段,对流爆发,MCS发生合并使得MCS个数减少,MCS结构变得更加紧凑,面积最大的MCS逐渐向热带扰动中心区域收缩,“杜鹃”生成速度加快。对比MCS中的层云降水和对流云降水的特征发现,MCS中层云降水覆盖面积更大;对流云降水的降雨率比层云的降雨率更大,同时变化幅度更明显。层云降水百分比的增加与“杜鹃”增强的过程关系密切,但对流云降水的降雨率增加有利于MCS增强,层云和对流云的共同作用促进了“杜鹃”生成。  相似文献   

A multi‐dating approach applied to proglacial sediments attributed to the Most Extensive Glaciation of the Swiss Alps     

ANDREAS DEHNERT  FRANK PREUSSER  JAN D. KRAMERS  NAKI AKÇAR  PETER W. KUBIK  REGINA REBER  CHRISTIAN SCHLÜCHTER 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2010,39(3):620-632

Dehnert, A., Preusser, F., Kramers, J. D., Akçar, N., Kubik, P. W., Reber, R. & Schlüchter, C. 2010: A multi‐dating approach applied to proglacial sediments attributed to the Most Extensive Glaciation of the Swiss Alps. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 620–632. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00146.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. The number and the timing of Quaternary glaciations of the Alps are poorly constrained and, in particular, the age of the Most Extensive Glaciation (MEG) in Switzerland remains controversial. This ice advance has previously been tentatively correlated with the Riss Glaciation of the classical alpine stratigraphy and with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (186–127 ka). An alternative interpretation, based on pollen analysis and stratigraphic correlations, places the MEG further back in the Quaternary, with an age equivalent to MIS 12 (474–427 ka), or even older. To re‐evaluate this issue in the Swiss glaciation history, a multi‐dating approach was applied to proglacial deltaic ‘Höhenschotter’ deposits in locations outside the ice extent of the Last Glacial Maximum. Results of U/Th and luminescence dating suggest a correlation of the investigated deposits with MIS 6 and hence with the Riss Glaciation. Cosmogenic burial dating suffered from large measurement uncertainties and unusually high ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be ratios and did not provide robust age estimates.  相似文献   

36Cl production rate from K‐spallation in the European Alps (Chironico landslide,Switzerland)          下载免费PDF全文

JOERG M. SCHAEFER  AARON E. PUTNAM  TOBY KOFFMAN  LUCILLA BENEDETTI  SUSAN IVY‐OCHS  CHRISTIAN SCHLÜCHTER 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(5):407-413

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Quaternary vegetation changes derived from a loess‐like permafrost palaeosol sequence in northeast Siberia using alkane biomarker and pollen analyses     

MICHAEL ZECH  ANDREI ANDREEV  ROLAND ZECH  STEFANIE MÜLLER  ULRICH HAMBACH  MANFRED FRECHEN  WOLFGANG ZECH 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2010,39(3):540-550

Zech, M., Andreev, A., Zech, R., Müller, S., Hambach, U., Frechen, M. & Zech, W.: Quaternary vegetation changes derived from a loess‐like permafrost palaeosol sequence in northeast Siberia using alkane biomarker and pollen analyses. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 540–550. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00132.x. ISSN 0300‐9483 Alkane biomarker and pollen data were obtained from a 15‐m‐high and probably c. 240‐kyr‐old loess‐like permafrost palaeosol sequence (‘Tumara Palaeosol Sequence’, TPS) in northeast Siberia. The alkane results were corrected for degradation effects by applying an end‐member model and were evaluated by comparing them with the palynological results. The two data sets are generally in good agreement and suggest that the lower part of the TPS developed mainly under larch forests, whereas the upper part of the sequence reflects the expansion of mammoth steppes during the Weichselian glaciation and finally reforestation during the Lateglacial and the early Holocene. For the lower part of the TPS, the palaeoclimatic interpretation according to modern analogue methods would indicate warm, interglacial conditions, but this is at odds with the climate chronostratigraphy based on a multi‐proxy palaeopedological approach and numeric dating. Provided that the correlation of the discussed stratigraphic unit with the Late Saalian glaciation and the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6 is correct, our results suggest that temperature was not a limiting factor for tree growth at that time. Furthermore, it seems very likely that it was not mainly temperature changes but rather increasing aridity and continentality during the course of the last glacial that favoured the expansion of the mammoth steppe.  相似文献   

Quaternary climatic instability in south‐east Australia from a multi‐proxy speleothem record          下载免费PDF全文

M. WEBB  J. DREDGE  P. A. BARKER  W. MÜLLER  C. JEX  J. DESMARCHELIER  J. HELLSTROM  P. M. WYNN 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(6):589-596

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LA‐ICP‐MS Zircon U‐Pb Dating of Intermediate‐Acidic Intrusive Rocks and Molybdenite Re‐Os Dating from the Bangpu Mo (Cu) Deposit,Tibet and its Geological Implication   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Liqiang  CHEN Yuchuan  TANG Juxing  Lü Pengrui  LUO Maocheng  WANG Huan  CHEN Wei  LENG Qiufeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(5):1225-1240

The multi-stage intrusions of intermediate-acid magma occur in the Bangpu mining district, the petrogenic ages of which have been identified. The times and sequences of their emplacement have been collated and stipulated in detail in this paper by using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating method. The ages of biotite monzogranite that were formed before mineralization in the southwest of this mining district are 70±1?Ma (mean square of weighted deviates (MSWD) =9.5, n=8) and 60.60±0.31?Ma (MSWD=3.8, n=16), which belong to the late Cretaceous–early Paleocene in age. That means, they are products of an early tectonic-magmatic event of the collision between the Indian and Asian continentals. The ages of ore-bearing monzogranite porphyry and ore-bearing diorite porphyrite are 16.23±0.19?Ma (MSWD=2.0, n=26) and 15.16±0.09?Ma (MSWD=3.9, n=5) separately, which belong to the middle Miocene in age; namely, they are products of the Gangdese post-collision extensional stage when crust-mantle materials melted and mixed as well as magmatic intrusion simultaneously occurred. Some zircons with ages of 203.6±2.2?Ma (MSWD=1.18, n=7) were captured in the ore-bearing diorite porphyrite, which shows that there had been tectono-magmatic events in the late Triassic–early Jurassic. Molybdenum (copper) ore-bodies produced in the monzogranite porphyry and copper (molybdenum) ore-bodies produced in the diorite porphyrite are the main ore types in this ore deposit. The model ages of Re-Os isotopic dating for the 11 molybdenite are 13.97–15.84?Ma, while isochron ages are 14.09±0.49?Ma (MSWD=26). The isochron ages of seven molybdenite from molybdenum (copper) ore with monzogranite porphyry type are 14.11±0.31?Ma (MSWD=5.2). There is great error in the isochron ages of four molybdenite from copper (molybdenum) ore with diorite porphyrite type, and their weighted average model ages of 14.6±1.2?Ma (MSWD=41), which generally represent the mineralization age. The results about the Re-Os isotopic dating of molybdenite in the ore of different types have limited exactly that, the minerlazation age of this ore deposits is about 14.09?Ma, which belongs to the middle Miocene mineralization. The Bangpu deposit has a uniform metallogenic dynamics background with the porphyry type and skarn-type deposits such as Jiama, Qulong and others.  相似文献   

Meteorites from the United Arab Emirates: Description,weathering, and terrestrial ages     

Dominik C. HEZEL  Jochen SCHLÜTER  Heiko KALLWEIT  A. J. Timothy JULL  Osama Y. AL FAKEER  Mubarak AL SHAMSI  S. STREKOPYTOV 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2011,46(2):327-336

We report on the first meteorite search campaign in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The geology and proximity of our search region suggest that it is the north‐western extension of the Oman meteorite fields. We found 26 ordinary chondrites, bringing the total number of official meteorites from the UAE to 28. The campaign was organized and conducted in close cooperation with the UAE government and the main masses of the meteorites remained in the country where they will become part of an exhibition. The bulk composition of five meteorite and three soil samples indicates an uptake of U, Mo, Sr, Ba, Li, and Pb from the soil into the meteorites during terrestrial weathering. Terrestrial ages determined from ¹⁴C decay of 21 meteorites range from recent falls to 24.4 ka, with two meteorites having >37 ka and approximately 39 ka, respectively. Weak correlations between weathering degree, meteorite bulk chemical composition, and terrestrial age suggest highly localized weathering conditions, possibly related to abundant occurrences of sabkhas in the search region.  相似文献   

房地一体化不动产三维数据模型研究     

周良辰  王鹏翔  陈奔  吴敏睫  闾国年 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(1):143-154

房地不动产具备天然的立体特性,在三维空间中对其进行准确刻画是当前城市地上地下综合开发的关键问题,国内外学者已经提出了各类房地不动产数据模型,旨在解决房地不动产的管理与权利空间的三维表达问题。分析国内外学者的研究成果发现,国外学者提出的房地不动产数据模型多以地籍为核心展开,不能完全适用于我国的房地不动产管理;而国内学者虽兼顾了地籍和房产,但忽略了建筑实体、建筑空间与产权空间的关系,无法将房地不动产信息与建筑物信息模型（Building Information Modeling,BIM）整合,不利于房地不动产的精细化管理。针对以上问题,本文提出了基于IFC（Industry Foundation Classes）标准扩展的房地一体化三维不动产数据模型,并通过实例验证了该模型在我国房地不动产管理上是可行的。研究结果表明,本文提出的模型正确表达了各类建筑对象和产权对象,既可以支持业务相关的关联关系的查询,也支持GIS常见拓扑关系的查询和表达,该模型除了能表达符合我国体制的房地不动产对象外,还关联了BIM模型中的建筑构件、建筑空间, 为城市建设与运维管理提供技术模型支持。  相似文献   

Anatomy and sedimentary model of a hooked spit (Sylt,southern North Sea)     

SEBASTIAN LINDHORST  JÖRN FÜRSTENAU  H. CHRISTIAN HASS  CHRISTIAN BETZLER 《Sedimentology》2010,57(4):935-955

A sedimentary model for hooked spit depositional systems based on ground‐penetrating radar and sedimentological data is presented. The recurved main spit of Sylt Island (southern North Sea) is dominated by migrating sand dunes; the investigated hooked spit exhibits a system of foredune ridges, oriented perpendicular to the dunes of the recurved spit. The development of the hooked spit is related closely to the presence of an adjacent tidal inlet, where strong tidal currents and a steep bathymetry prevent a further northward progradation of the main spit and trigger a deflection from northerly‐directed to easterly‐directed net sediment transport. Ground‐penetrating radar data and shallow sediment cores reveal the sedimentary architecture of the hooked spit in high resolution and allow the proposition of a genetic stratigraphic model. It is shown that the growth of the hooked spit is controlled by the interplay of alongshore migrating foreshore beach drifts under fair‐weather conditions and strong erosional events, interpreted as the result of rare severe storms. These storms may excavate scarps in the backshore, which play an important role in the development of foredune ridges. Accelerator mass spectrometry ¹⁴C ages indicate an absolute age of at least 1300 years for the hooked spit, which possibly correlates with strengthened erosion of the main spit. In contrast to the main spit, where the sediment budget is negative nowadays, growth of the hooked spit beach accelerated significantly during the last decades. This effect can probably be attributed to enhanced beach‐nourishments updrift along the main spit and makes the investigated hooked spit a natural laboratory to study the influence of increasing sediment supply into a system developing under the conditions of sea‐level rise. The study shows that the same external forces lead to distinct progradational processes along one barrier‐spit system.  相似文献