An experimental study of the grain-scale processes of peridotite melting: implications for major and trace element distribution during equilibrium and disequilibrium melting   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mauro Lo Cascio  Yan Liang  Nobumichi Shimizu  Paul C. Hess 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(1):87-102

The grain-scale processes of peridotite melting were examined at 1,340°C and 1.5 GPa using reaction couples formed by juxtaposing pre-synthesized clinopyroxenite against pre-synthesized orthopyroxenite or harzburgite in graphite and platinum-lined molybdenum capsules. Reaction between the clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene-rich aggregates produces a melt-enriched, orthopyroxene-free, olivine + clinopyroxene reactive boundary layer. Major and trace element abundance in clinopyroxene vary systematically across the reactive boundary layer with compositional trends similar to the published clinopyroxene core-to-rim compositional variations in the bulk lherzolite partial melting studies conducted at similar P–T conditions. The growth of the reactive boundary layer takes place at the expense of the orthopyroxenite or harzburgite and is consistent with grain-scale processes that involve dissolution, precipitation, reprecipitation, and diffusive exchange between the interstitial melt and surrounding crystals. An important consequence of dissolution–reprecipitation during crystal-melt interaction is the dramatic decrease in diffusive reequilibration time between coexisting minerals and melt. This effect is especially important for high charged, slow diffusing cations during peridotite melting and melt-rock reaction. Apparent clinopyroxene-melt partition coefficients for REE, Sr, Y, Ti, and Zr, measured from reprecipitated clinopyroxene and coexisting melt in the reactive boundary layer, approach their equilibrium values reported in the literature. Disequilibrium melting models based on volume diffusion in solid limited mechanism are likely to significantly underestimate the rates at which major and trace elements in residual minerals reequilibrate with their surrounding melt. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Simple models for dynamic melting in an upwelling heterogeneous mantle column: Analytical solutions     

Yan Liang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(15):3804-3821

Several lines of evidence suggest that the melt generation and segregation regions of the mantle are heterogeneous, consisting of chemically and lithologically distinct domains of variable size and dimension. Partial melting of such heterogeneous mantle source regions gives rise to a diverse range of basaltic magmas. In order to better assess the role of source heterogeneity during mantle melting, we have undertaken a theoretical study of trace element distribution and fractionation during concurrent melting and melt migration in an upwelling, chemically heterogeneous, two-porosity double lithology melting column. Analytical solutions for the abundance of a trace element in the matrix and channel were obtained under the assumptions that the porosity, melt and solid velocities, and solid-melt partition coefficients are constant and uniform. For simplicity, we neglected diffusion and dispersion in the melt. Chemical source heterogeneities of arbitrary size and shape were integrated into the simple melting models by allowing trace element abundance in the source region to vary as a function of time and space. Concurrent melting and melt migration in an upwelling heterogeneous mantle may be approximated as a quasi-steady state problem in which time-dependent concentration patterns produced by melting of heterogeneous source regions are superimposed on a reference steady-state concentration distribution established by melting of the ambient or background mantle. Chromatographic fractionation is especially important for the matrix melt and solid when chemical heterogeneities are involved during melting and melt migration in the mantle, giving rise to significant phase-shift between two incompatible trace elements in the matrix melt and scattered correlations among incompatible trace elements in residual peridotites. Mixing is the chief mass transfer process in the dunite channel where the chromatographic effect is negligible for most of the incompatible trace elements. The lack of chromatographic fractionation among incompatible trace elements and isotopic ratios in MORB suggests either most MORB are channel melts or mixing in magma conduit and chamber is very efficient such that the phase-shift is averaged out during magma transport and storage processes. Advection brings melt produced by smaller-degree of melting in the deeper part of the melting column to the overlying melting region, increasing the incompatible trace element abundance in the matrix and the channel. This advection-induced self-enrichment is especially important when heterogeneous sources are involved and may account for some of the enriched incompatible trace element patterns observed in residual peridotite that were previously interpreted to be a result of mantle metasomatism. Systematic studies of high-resolution spatially correlated mantle samples may help to constrain the melting history and the size and nature of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle.  相似文献   

针式微萃取结合GC-IRMS测定水溶液中甲酸、乙酸的稳定碳同位素组成     

李心清  黄代宽  章炎麟  江伟  安宁  胡璐  徐刚 《地球化学》2008,37(6)

甲酸和乙酸稳定碳同位素组成（δ^13C）的分析对环境、食品、制药和自然产品等的研究具有重要的应用价值。但目前尚缺乏有效的测定方法。本研究利用最近出现的针式固相微萃取技术（NeedlEX）,以吹扫．捕集方式对水溶液中的有机酸进行了萃取,然后利用气相色谱．同位素比值质谱联用仪（GC—IRMS）对所萃取的有机酸分子进行了占δ^13C的测定。结果显示,质谱计的信号强度与水溶液中有机酸的浓度存在显著的线性相关关系（R^2〉0．99,P〈0．05）,表明Needl EX对水溶液中有机酸具有稳定的萃取能力。在甲酸与乙酸含量分别不低于300μg／mL与200μg／mL的水溶液中,1000mL的吹扫体积可以使两者δ^13C多次分析结果的相对误差分别保持在3％和1％左右,且整个实验流程没有造成可检测的碳同位素分馏作用。低于这两个浓度界线,则分析误差随浓度的降低迅速增加。本研究虽然是针对水溶液中有机酸δ^13C的测定,其萃取方法对其他水溶性挥发和半挥发有机物δ^13C的分析也同样具有应用价值。  相似文献   

晚三叠世松潘甘孜和川西前陆盆地的物源对比：构造演化和古地理变迁的线索   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邓飞  贾东  罗良  李海滨  李一泉  武龙 《地质论评》2008,54(4):561-573

为了研究龙门山褶皱冲断带两侧的松潘甘孜和川西前陆盆地在大地构造和沉积学方面存在的联系,笔者等分别在松潘甘孜东缘马尔康—理县地区和川西前陆盆地都江堰地区进行了采样和碎屑锆石的LAICPMS UPb定年工作。269颗锆石的定年结果显示,中—晚三叠世拉丁期—诺利期松潘甘孜复理石盆地东缘沉积地层中的碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在250~280 Ma、1800~1900 Ma和2400~2500 Ma、200~245 Ma、400~450 Ma,对应的物源主要为东昆仑岛弧、华北陆块基底、义敦岛弧以及北秦岭。与之相比,川西前陆盆地诺利期—瑞替期的须家河组地层中的碎屑锆石年龄大致主要集中在1800~1900 Ma和2400~2500 Ma、720~850 Ma、950~1200 Ma、400~450 Ma。该统计结果总体上继承了松潘甘孜数据体的特征,揭示出须家河组物源来自西部——松潘甘孜褶皱带的再旋回沉积和龙门山前陆冲断带。  相似文献   

祁连山近期七一冰川融水径流特征分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

宋高举  王宁练  陈亮  贺建桥  蒋熹  武小波 《冰川冻土》2008,30(2):321-328

利用2006年8月1日-9月30日的实测水文数据,对"七一"冰川融水径流产汇流特征进行了分析,并揭示出该冰川日消融特征.通过对冰川融水量的估算以及径流模数的计算,并与过去的观测结果进行对比,表明近些年来"七一"冰川消融强度和消融量都在增大,而且2006年消融量为近几年观测的最大值.虽然不同年份消融量不一样,但"七一"冰川总的趋势是一直处于萎缩状态,随着全球变暖,"七一"冰川的萎缩可能将继续下去.通过对设立在沿冰川下游方向两个不同的水文断面进行对比分析,结果表明"七一"冰川融水径流在向下游运动过程中有部分水入渗为河谷潜流,观测期内两个相距不到2 km的水文断面间渗漏损耗占近1/3左右.  相似文献   

注浆堵漏止水技术在基坑工程中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

乔德清  曲春华  吴海洋  徐瑞华  赵生勇  安永海  高桂华  赖欢欢 《探矿工程》2008,35(5):54-55

总结了用潜孔锤成孔,注入水泥浆、水玻璃双浆液封堵基坑面以上的明水,并利用袖阀管压力注浆封堵基坑面以下暗水的设计方案与施工方法.  相似文献   

滑坡体三维地质建模与可视化分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李明超  胡兴娥  安娜  刘杰 《岩土力学》2008,29(5):1355-1360

针对滑坡地质研究的自身特点,提出了面向滑坡地质体三维建模的NURBS-BRep混合数据结构和地质结构单元实体构造技术.通过对滑坡基础地质数据的预处理、滑坡数字地形和滑动面的三维建模、地质结构面的系统构造、地质结构体的生成和显示,形成了一套完整的滑坡三维地质模型的构建方法.将该方法应用于某水库滑坡,建立了相应的三维滑坡地质模型,并基于此模型进行了三维剖切分析、数字钻孔、等值线生成、滑块自动剖分、滑坡失稳可视化动态模拟和滑坡体方量精确计算等一系列实用的可视化分析,为滑坡稳定性的准确计算和客观评价提供了有力的支持.  相似文献   

川西108国道高位崩塌成因与运动特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胥良  李云贵  刘艳梅 《水文地质工程地质》2008,35(3):28-31

2007年5月25日于川西108国道某段发生的高位崩塌造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失。综合地质调查、三维激光扫描技术、爆破振动效应分析以及历史崩塌与降雨关系的统计分析,得出了地形高陡、岩体破碎及降雨诱发等是崩塌产生的主要原因,爆破振动对其也有轻微间接影响。根据边坡形态及塌落高度,运用运动学原理及能量法还对崩塌体的撞击速度及冲击力进行了计算分析。  相似文献   

基于泡沫钻进中消泡装置的试验研究     

徐良  孙友宏 《探矿工程》2008,35(6):5-7

泡沫钻进过程中,会产生很多泡沫,如不及时清除,会造成施工现场泡沫的大量堆积,影响正常的生产。因此,选择合适的消泡方法在泡沫钻进过程中是非常重要的环节。选用机械消泡法中的缝隙式消泡器,建立消泡装置室内试验台进行试验,取得了良好的效果,消泡率可达86%。  相似文献   

大型越江盾构隧道施工安全与风险管理探讨          下载免费PDF全文

安政翃  季玉国 《探矿工程》2008,35(12):78-83

对大型泥水盾构隧道施工安全与施工风险进行详细全面的分析,指出了施工安全与施工风险对人身安全、工程结构和施工机械设备带来的危害。结合工程实例和实践经验,对大型越江盾构隧道施工安全与风险管理进行全面探讨。  相似文献