Impact of slate quarrying on soil properties in semi-arid Mahendragarh in India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anil Kumar Haritash  Ramanathan Baskar  Nirmal Sharma  Sumit Paliwal 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(8):1439-1445

Slate quarrying in Mahendragarh district of Haryana state has resulted in changes in soil properties. Most of the mining area is devoid of vegetation. The soil in and around the mining area (0–1 km) is alkaline (pH 11.2–11.7) but non-saline (electrical conductivity < 4). The alkaline nature of the soil was attributed to the high concentrations of hydroxyl (OH⁻), carbonate (CO₃²⁻) and bicarbonate (HCO₃ ⁻) present in minerals of mined materials. Biotite, limonite, kaolinite, gibbsite, muscovite, geothite, dolomite and so on were the chief minerals added to soil through mining. The physical properties of soil, i.e. porosity, water-holding capacity (WHC), bulk density and particle density represented poor soil health in mining area (34.4, 29.8%, 1.636, 2.496 g/cc, respectively) and they improved with distance away from it (46.4, 38.3%, 1.070, 2.180 g/cc, respectively, at a distance of 1 km). Porosity and WHC were found to be a function of increased organic matter away from the mining area. CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, phosphate (PO₄³⁻), lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) were more in mining area and decreased with distance. On the other hand, sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), sulphate (SO₄²⁻), organic carbon, total Kjeldahl’s nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) increased with distance from mining area. High concentration of heavy metals in mining area was a cause of concern (0.93 μg/g Cd, 22.35 μg/g Cr, 26.25 μg/g Pb, 1,383.75 μg/g Fe). The change in physico-chemical properties could be because of the addition of chemical constituents that are a part of major minerals present in mined material. The soil away from mining area represented comparatively better properties.  相似文献   

Phosphorus fractionation in surficial sediments of Pandoh Lake,Lesser Himalaya,Himachal Pradesh,India     

Anshumali  A.L. Ramanathan 《Applied Geochemistry》2007

The fractionation of P in Pandoh Lake surface sediments has been investigated for the first time in order to understand its environmental availability and sources, and the eutrophication status of this lake. Inorganic-P is present mainly as authigenic-P (step-III). The authigenic P concentration is higher in winter relative to the summer and monsoon seasons and ranged from 35.9 to 46.9 μg/g. The loosely sorbed or exchangeable-P (step-I), Fe(III)-bound-P (step-II) and detrital inorganic-P (step-IV) were higher in the monsoon season and varied from 3.70 to 11.1 μg/g, 16.9 to 32.0 μg/g and 9.89 to 17.0 μg/g, respectively. Organic-P reached a maximum in the summer season and ranged from 8.00 to 14.9 μg/g. Authigenic-P and detrital inorganic-P show seasonal changes, as pH influences the interaction between P and CaCO₃ in the water column. In the winter season, phosphate is precipitated out of the water column and fixed in the sediments as a result of an increase in pH. Calcite-bound-P in the sediments may be redissolved by decreasing pH in the summer season. Relatively high rates of mineralization during the monsoon results in the seasonal pattern of organic-P fractionation to sediment as follows: monsoon = winter < summer. Iron, Ca, organic matter and silt and clay contents seem to play a significant role in regulating the seasonal P budget. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the factors which influence sedimentary P in the different seasons.  相似文献   

Geochemical assessment of fluoride enrichment and nitrate contamination in groundwater in hard-rock aquifer by using graphical and statistical methods     

Sunil Kumar Srivastava  A L Ramanathan 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(7):104

This systematic study was carried out with objective to delineate the various sources responsible for \(\hbox {NO}_{3}^{-}\) contamination and \(\hbox {F}^{-}\) enrichment by utilizing statistical and graphical methods. Since Central Ground Water Board, India, indicated susceptibility of \(\hbox {NO}_{3}^{-}\) contamination and \(\hbox {F}^{-}\) enrichment, in most of the groundwater, \(\hbox {NO}_{3}^{-}\) and \(\hbox {F}^{-}\) concentration primarily observed \({>}45\) and \({>}1.5~\hbox {mg/L}\), respectively, i.e., higher than the permissible limit for drinking water. Water Quality Index (WQI) indicates \({\sim }22.81\%\) groundwater are good-water, \({\sim }71.14\%\) groundwater poor-water, \({\sim }5.37\%\) very poor-water and 0.67% unsuitable for drinking purpose. Piper diagram indicates \({\sim }59.73\%\) groundwater hydrogeochemical facies are Ca–Mg–\(\hbox {HCO}_{3 }\) water-types, \({\sim }28.19\%\) Ca–Mg–\(\hbox {SO}_{4}\)–Cl water-types, \({\sim }8.72\%\) Na–K–\(\hbox {SO}_{4}\)–Cl water-types and 3.36% Na–K–\(\hbox {HCO}_{3 }\) water-types. This classification indicates dissolution and mixing are mainly controlling groundwater chemistry. Salinity diagram indicate \({\sim }44.30\%\) groundwater under in low sodium and medium salinity hazard, \({\sim }49.66\%\) groundwater fall under low sodium and high salinity hazard, \({\sim }3.36\%\) groundwater fall under very-high salinity hazard. Sodium adsorption ratio indicates \({\sim }97\%\) groundwater are in excellent condition for irrigation. The spatial distribution of \(\hbox {NO}_{3}^{-}\) indicates significant contribution of fertilizer from agriculture lands. Fluoride enrichment occurs in groundwater through the dissolution of fluoride-rich minerals. By reducing the consumption of fertilizer and stress over groundwater, the water quality can be improved.  相似文献   

Geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in vicinity of Bhalswa landfill,Delhi, India,using graphical and multivariate statistical methods   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sunil Kumar Srivastava  A. L. Ramanathan 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1509-1528

A geochemical assessment of groundwater quality and possible contamination in the vicinity of the Bhalswa landfill site was carried out by using a hydrochemical approach with graphical and multivariate statistical methods with the objective of identifying the occurrence of various geochemical processes and understanding the impact of landfill leachates on groundwater quality. Results indicate that nitrate, fluoride and heavy-metal pollution are in an alarming state with respect to the use of groundwater for drinking purposes. Various graphical plots and statistical analyses have been applied to the chemical data based on the ionic constituents, water types, and hydrochemical facies to infer the impact of the landfill on groundwater quality. The statistical analysis and spatial and temporal variations indicate the leaching of contaminants from the landfill to the groundwater aquifer system. The concentrations of heavy metals in the landfill leachates are as follows: Fe (22 mg/l), Mn (~20 mg/l), Cu (~10 mg/l), Pb (~2 mg/l), Ni (0.25 mg/l), Zn (~10 mg/l), Cd (~0.2 mg/l), Cl⁻ (~4,000 mg/l), SO₄²⁻ (~3,320 mg/l), PO₄³⁻ (~4 mg/l), NO₃⁻ (30 mg/l) and fluoride (~50 mg/l); all were much higher than the standards. The study reveals that the landfill is in a depleted phase and is affecting groundwater quality in its vicinity and the surrounding area due to leaching of contaminants.  相似文献   

Glacial runoff and transport of suspended sediment from the Chhota Shigri glacier,Western Himalaya,India     

Virendra Bahadur Singh  AL. Ramanathan  Jose George Pottakkal 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(8):695

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Understanding the Seasonal Dynamics of the Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry in National Capital Territory (NCT) of India Through Geochemical Modelling     

Manish Kumar  Roger HerbertJr.  Pawan Kumar Jha  Jyoti Prakash Deka  M. S. Rao  A. L. Ramanathan  Bhishm Kumar 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2016,22(3):211-224

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Understanding the extent of interactions between groundwater and surface water through major ion chemistry and multivariate statistical techniques   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manish Kumar  Al. Ramanathan  A. K. Keshari 《水文研究》2009,23(2):297-310

The present work examines the possible use of major ion chemistry and multivariate statistical techniques as a rapid and relatively cost‐effective method of identifying the extent of groundwater and surface water (GW–SW) interaction in an urban setting. The original hydrogeochemical dataset consists of groundwater (n = 114), stream water (n = 42) and drain water (n = 24) samples, collected twice in a year for the pre‐ and post‐monsoon seasons, for three successive years along an 8 km reach of the Delhi segment of River Yamuna, India. The dynamic and similar seasonal changes of hydro‐geochemical facies and major ion trends of river, drain and groundwater samples indicate the existence of an empirical relationship between GW and SW. Results of both R‐ and Q‐mode factor and cluster analyses highlight multi‐scale control of the fluid exchange distributions, with distinct seasonal alteration in mode and extent of GW–SW interaction, namely, the influence of the mixing zones between urban river and groundwater and the pattern of groundwater flow through the river bed. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of sampling locations efficiently illustrates different groups that comprise samples severely influenced by contaminated surface water downstream and the upstream fresh water samples. These results substantiate the strong exchange processes between GW and SW all along the stretch. The study shows that the combination of an empirical and statistical relationship between different ionic species and sampling locations can provide greater confidence in identifying the extent of GW–SW interaction/exchange processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Environmental geochemistry of the Pichavaram mangrove ecosystem (tropical), southeast coast of India   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. L. Ramanathan  V. Subramanian  R. Ramesh  S. Chidambaram  A. James 《Environmental Geology》1999,37(3):223-233

 Spatial and temporal geochemical variations of various parameters in the water and sediment of a relatively small mangrove situated on the southeast coast of India were examined in detail for the first time. The water quality generally reflects the impact of seawater and the Vellar estuary (mixing effect) aided by evaporation and in situ biological productivity. The depletion and fluctuation of dissolved silica are controlled by biological processes. Nitrate and phosphate are contributed by fertilizer input from adjoining agriculture fields. Total suspended matter (TSM) shows an erratic range and trend due to deforestation and resuspension processes. Sand and silt constitute 70–90% of the sediments. Statistical analysis of the sediments shows the prevalence of a moderately high-energy environment with very effective winnowing activity. Organic matter content is higher in the mangrove sediments in comparison to adjacent estuaries. Water and sediment show fluctuations in their chemical concentration, but no specific trends could be identified. Heavy metals are also enriched in the mangrove sediments, indicating their unique chemical behavior and the existence of trapping mechanisms. Factor analysis and correlation analysis of water and sediments show the complexity of the system and the multitude of contributing sources. The core sediment chemistry suggests the depletion of metal input due to the damming of the detrital inputs. The Pichavaram mangrove seems to be relatively unpolluted, since the anthropogenic signal observed is small and acts as a sink for heavy metals contributed from a multitude of sources without an adverse effect. Received: 5 November 1997 · Accepted: 30 March 1998  相似文献   

Sedimentary nutrient dynamics in a tropical estuarine mangrove ecosystem     

M. Bala Krishna Prasad  A.L. Ramanathan 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Mangrove sediments play a pivotal role in the nutrient biogeochemical processes by behaving as both source and sink for nutrients and other materials. Surface and core sediments were collected from various locations of the Pichavaram mangrove (India) and analyzed for grain size distribution, nutrients and stable N isotope (δ¹⁵N) signatures in order to understand the spatial and vertical distribution of nutrients and biogeochemical processes of the C, N, P and S in this ecosystem. Sand is the dominant fraction followed by silt and clay. Spatial distribution of nutrients is controlled by the external and internal loadings, whereas vertical distribution is largely driven by the in situ microbial activities. Interior mangrove sediments contain higher concentrations of organic carbon (OC) than the estuarine sediments reflecting high rates of organic matter retention. Finer fractions of sediment hold ∼60% OC due to high surface area. At some sampling points, moderately high δ¹⁵N signatures were observed and this may be because of agricultural runoff and aquaculture effluents.  相似文献   

Characterization of clay minerals in the Sundarban mangroves river sediments by SEM/EDS     

K. Rajkumar  A. L. Ramanathan  P. N. Behera 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2012,80(3):429-434

Clay minerals, byproducts of chemical weathering, are important group of minerals found in rivers, estuaries, and marine sedimentary environments, which include mudstones, clay stones, and shales. In the present study, FTIR and SEM investigation on the clay minerals in Sundarban mangrove core sediments collected from Moipith Matla and Belamati Island are carried out. The study indicated the dominant association of kaolinite with subordinate amount of quartz, illite and chlorite. The abundance of kaolinite, illite chlorite and clay with quartz helps in increasing sediment in the islands region. The geochemical and mineralogical evolution of mangrove sediments are results of the interaction of biotic and abiotic parameters, whose balance is conditioned by the climate that governs the hydrologic regime, the sedimentation dynamics and the organic matter. This study on the charaterstation of clay provides us with substantial impact in the water holding capacity, productivity and mineralogical and chemical transformation in order to establish much more and intermediate equilibrium between marine influence and continental contribution, as part of the estuarine environment, than to the tropical climate conditions.  相似文献