Broad-band observations of earthquake-induced rotational ground motions     

Heiner Igel  Alain Cochard  Joachim Wassermann  Asher Flaws †  Ulrich Schreiber  Alex Velikoseltsev  Nguyen Pham Dinh 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(1):182-196

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The fate of inorganic colloidal particles in Lake Brienz     

Vincent Chanudet  Montserrat Filella 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(2):199-211

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Unstructured,anisotropic mesh generation for the Northwestern European continental shelf,the continental slope and the neighbouring ocean     

Sébastien Legrand  Eric Deleersnijder  Eric Delhez  Vincent Legat 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

A new mesh refinement strategy for generating high quality unstructured meshes of the Northwestern European continental shelf, the continental slope and the neighbouring ocean is presented. Our objective is to demonstrate the ability of anisotropic unstructured meshes to adequately address the challenge of simulating the hydrodynamics occurring in these three regions within a unique mesh. The refinement criteria blend several hydrodynamic considerations as the tidal wave propagation on the continental shelf and the hydrostatic consistency condition in steep areas. Several meshes illustrate both the validity and the efficiency of the refinement strategy. The selection of the refinement parameters is discussed. Finally, an attempt is made to take into account tidal ellipses, providing another cause for anisotropy in the mesh.  相似文献   

圆弧形凹陷地形表面覆盖层对入射平面SV波的影响   总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21       下载免费PDF全文

梁建文  严林隽  Vincent W.Lee 《地震学报》2001,24(6):622-632

利用Fourier Bessel级数展开法，给出了表面具有覆盖层的圆弧形凹陷地形对入射平面SV波散射问题的一个解析解，并利用该解分析了不同深宽比凹陷地形表面覆盖层刚度和厚度对入射SV波的影响．结果表明，凹陷地形表面覆盖层的存在，即使厚度很薄，也会显著增加对入射SV波的放大作用，该放大作用可达到单一凹陷地形的2.5倍以上．覆盖层刚度和厚度的变化对入射平面SV波也具有很大影响．   相似文献   

Wet Snow Avalanche Deposits in the French Alps: Structure and Sedimentology   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Vincent Jomelli  & Pascal Bertran 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2001,83(1-2):15-28

We analyse the morphology and sedimentology of 25 dirty snow avalanche deposits in the French Alps. The deposits typically have either a snow-ball structure or a massive structure with sliding planes. The snow balls show a longitudinal and a vertical sorting that reflects a sieve effect, similar to that observed in other rapid inertial granular flows. The massive type results from snow compaction when the avalanche is channelled by a gully or when it reaches the distal part of the scree. Velocity decrease and compaction limit the deformation to a zone at the base of the snow mass and cause the formation of distinctive sliding planes. These appear as smooth recrystallised surfaces due to local melt from frictional heating. The flow can be assimilated to a frictional granular flow. No systematic variation of size and shape of the rock debris has been observed along the profiles in both types of deposit. The distribution of rock debris and its fabric suggest that the clasts are transported passively and do not undergo any sorting during displacement. Snow melt after avalanching causes a redistribution of rock debris particularly when the snow thickness is important. This redistribution does not generate new sedimentological characteristics such as enhanced sorting or fabric.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Pb-Pb and U-Pb Laser Ablation ICP-MSZircon Dating using Matrix-Matched Calibration Sampleswith a Frequency Quadrupled (266 nm)Nd-YAG Laser     

Olivier Bruguier  Philippe Télouk  Alain Cocherie  Anne-Marie Fouillac  Francis Albarède 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2001,25(2-3):361-373

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Fossil Rotifers and the Early Colonization of an Antarctic Lake     

Kerrie M. Swadling  Herbert J. G. Dartnall  John A. E. Gibson  milie Saulnier-Talbot  Warwick F. Vincent 《Quaternary Research》2001,55(3):380

Early Holocene sediments from a continental Antarctic lake (Ace Lake, Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica) contained abundant fossil rotifers of the genus Notholca. The fossil is similar to specimens of Notholca sp. present in modern-day Ace Lake and other fresh and brackish lakes of the Vestfold Hills. Cyanobacteria and protists (chrysophyte cysts, dinoflagellate cysts, and rhizopod tests) were also recovered from the core samples. These sediments were deposited early in the freshwater phase of Ace Lake, soon after deglaciation of the area. The occurrence of this trophically diverse assemblage of organisms at an early stage in the evolution of the lake suggests either that they were part of an endemic Antarctic flora and fauna which pre-dated the last glacial maximum and survived in glacial refugia or that efficient intercontinental dispersal had occurred.  相似文献   

Organic matter in the Soultz HDR granitic thermal exchanger (France): natural tracer of fluid circulations between the basement and its sedimentary cover     

Batrice Ledsert  Janie Joffre  Andr Ambls  Paul Sardini  Albert Genter  Alain Meunier 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1996,70(3-4)

Organic matter has been observed in cores of the Soultz-sous-Forêts granite (Alsace, France) at depths between 2158 and 2160 m, in a highly fractured and altered zone. The granite is overlain by a 1400-m-thick sedimentary cover containing petroleum (Pechelbronn oil field). The Soultz area is devoted to Hot Dry Rock geothermics thanks to a high geothermal gradient (up to 100 °C/km). During drilling operations, an artesian source produced oil in a fractured zone of the sedimentary cover (Buntsandstein). Its gas-chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of normal alkanes (n-alkanes, i.e. linear hydrocarbons) centered on C₁₇, branched alkanes with a major C₁₉ peak, and few unsaturated hydrocarbons. The aromatic fraction is present in small amounts. In the Soultz granite, where it is altered, organic matter is exclusively associated with tosudite (interstratified clay mineral) which crystallized in plagioclase sites during a hydrothermal alteration episode. Organic matter has been later displaced and concentrated along veinlets in which illite and carbonates have crystallized during another hydrothermal alteration stage. The soluble organic matter analyzed by GC-MS is composed of aliphatic acids, n-alkanes with a bimodal C₁₈ and C₂₄-C₂₅ centered distribution, alkylbenzenes and aromatic acids. Organic compounds in the granite would either originate from a single source (immature sediments) or from two sources (immature sediments and migration of the Pechelbronn oil). No real evidence was found to prove which hypothesis is the best one. The presence of organic matter in the granite shows the importance of fluid flows between the sedimentary cover and the granitic basement through major fractures. In addition, the impregnation of plagioclase pseudomorphs with organic matter is made possible due to their high interconnection degree and to the intergranular microfracturation of the granite. The succession of several hydrothermal events with different physico-chemical characteris- tics may also be inferred from the occurrence of organic matter found in association with neoformed clay minerals in the granite.  相似文献   

Subsurface DC resistivity mapping: approximate 1-D interpretation     

Youcef Meheni  Roger Guérin  Yves Benderitter  Alain Tabbagh 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1996,34(4):255-269

Resistivity prospecting is the main tool used to investigate the shallow structure of the ground. A series of new techniques for determining the 2-D and 3-D geometry of the ground is now finding increasing use, but the light and simple Wenner prospecting technique remains a practical and efficient tool for rapidly mapping lateral variations in resistivity. When the resistivity changes are smooth, 1-D modelling can be used to interpret the data, and the criteria governing this approximation can be defined from synthetic data generated by a 3-D slab-model. For a Wenner array, two quadripole configurations can be used, Normal and Dipole-Dipole. For these two configurations the width of the transition zone, the apparent anisotropy effect and the precision of the resistivity values recovered from 1-D inversion differ. However the simultaneous inversion of both sets of data gives better results than for either configuration by itself. Two examples illustrate that in geological contexts where the thickness of the weathered zone causes the changes in the apparent resistivity value, this parameter can be recovered from 1-D inversion.  相似文献   

Multispectral thermal infrared mapping of the 1 October 1988 Kupaianaha flow field,Kilauea volcano,Hawaii     

Vincent J Realmuto  Ken Hon  Anne B Kahle  Elsa A Abbott  David C Pieri 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1992,55(1-2):33-44

Multispectral thermal infrared radiance measurements of the Kupaianaha flow field were acquired with the NASA airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) on the morning of 1 October 1988. The TIMS data were used to map both the temperature and emissivity of the surface of the flow field. The temperature map depicted the underground storage and transport of lava. The presence of molten lava in a tube or tumulus resulted in surface temperatures that were at least 10° C above ambient. The temperature map also clearly defined the boundaries of hydrothermal plumes which resulted from the entry of lava into the ocean. The emissivity map revealed the boundaries between individual flow units within the Kupaianaha field. In general, the emissivity of the flows varied systematically with age but the relationship between age and emissivity was not unique. Distinct spectral anomalies, indicative of silica-rich surface materials, were mapped near fumaroles and ocean entry sites. This apparent enrichment in silica may have resulted from an acid-induced leaching of cations from the surfaces of glassy flows. Such incipient alteration may have been the cause for virtually all of the emissivity variations observed on the flow field, the spectral anomalies representing areas where the acid attack was most intense.  相似文献