Optical characteristics of shallow lakes from the Pampa and Patagonia regions of Argentina   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Gonzalo L. Pérez  Ana Torremorell  Roberto Escaray  Maria Diéguez 《Limnologica》2010,40(1):30-39

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Estuarine shoreline processes in a dynamic low-energy system     

Ana Vila-Concejo  Michael G. Hughes  Andrew D. Short  Roshanka Ranasinghe 《Ocean Dynamics》2010,60(2):285-298

Estuarine shorelines are often classified as low-energy coasts and are, therefore, expected to undergo little variation. Port Stephens (SE Australia) is a ria-like drowned river valley microtidal estuary located on a wave-dominated coast. The outer part of the estuary is tide-dominated and has a large shallow flood-tide delta, which is also affected by waves. The northern (predominantly low-energy) shoreline of outer Port Stephens is a continuous stretch of sand comprising areas of high mobility and areas of relative stability terminating in a western extending sand spit. This paper investigates the effects of periodic high-energy conditions during which waves penetrate into the estuary by analysing two types of storms, low to moderate (more frequent type) storms and severe to extreme (low frequency) storms. It is established that low to moderate storms cause generalised erosion over the northern shoreline. On the contrary, severe to extreme storms, while causing erosion on parts of the beach, can transport new sediment across the flood-tide delta and deposit it to build a mobile shore attached sandwave. Long-term (decadal) trends identified in the study area are in agreement with short- and medium-term results. Moving into the estuary are four complementary zones of sediment transport which include: (1) sandwave formation and westward migration; (2) a relatively stable area between the sandwave and an erosion zone; (3) an erosion zone undergoing shoreline retreat and finally (4) a depositional terminus causing westward extension of the sand spit.  相似文献   

Extension of observed flood series by combining a distributed hydro-meteorological model and a copula-based model   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Ana I. Requena  Isabel Flores  Luis Mediero  Luis Garrote 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(5):1363-1378

Long flood series are required to accurately estimate flood quantiles associated with high return periods, in order to design and assess the risk in hydraulic structures such as dams. However, observed flood series are commonly short. Flood series can be extended through hydro-meteorological modelling, yet the computational effort can be very demanding in case of a distributed model with a short time step is considered to obtain an accurate flood hydrograph characterisation. Statistical models can also be used, where the copula approach is spreading for performing multivariate flood frequency analyses. Nevertheless, the selection of the copula to characterise the dependence structure of short data series involves a large uncertainty. In the present study, a methodology to extend flood series by combining both approaches is introduced. First, the minimum number of flood hydrographs required to be simulated by a spatially distributed hydro-meteorological model is identified in terms of the uncertainty of quantile estimates obtained by both copula and marginal distributions. Second, a large synthetic sample is generated by a bivariate copula-based model, reducing the computation time required by the hydro-meteorological model. The hydro-meteorological modelling chain consists of the RainSim stochastic rainfall generator and the Real-time Interactive Basin Simulator (RIBS) rainfall-runoff model. The proposed procedure is applied to a case study in Spain. As a result, a large synthetic sample of peak-volume pairs is stochastically generated, keeping the statistical properties of the simulated series generated by the hydro-meteorological model. This method reduces the computation time consumed. The extended sample, consisting of the joint simulated and synthetic sample, can be used for improving flood risk assessment studies.  相似文献   

An atmospheric-to-marine synoptic classification for statistical downscaling marine climate     

Paula Camus  Ana Rueda  Fernando J. Méndez  Iñigo J. Losada 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(12):1589-1601

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Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of Salinity in a Large and Shallow Tropical Estuary of the Western Caribbean     

Laura Carrillo  Emilio Palacios-Hernández  Mario Yescas  Ana María Ramírez-Manguilar 《Estuaries and Coasts》2009,32(5):906-916

Salinity profiles and meteorological data were analyzed during February, May, and September 2006 in Chetumal Bay, a large, shallow estuary of the Western Caribbean. Local meteorological conditions revealed three seasons: (1) a dry season (March–May); (2) a wet season (June–October); and (3) the nortes season, with northerly wind events (October–February). During the nortes and wet seasons, salinity ranged between 13 and 16 psu, and salinity was highest in the dry season, ranging between 18 and 22 psu over most of the area; a strong stratification and a significant contribution of salty water characterized this season. Strong horizontal gradients were observed near Rio Hondo during the three seasons. Deep and narrow peculiar bathymetric features called the pozas showed a strong stratification and a relatively high salinity. The northern part of Chetumal Bay and probably the entire system are far from being homogeneous.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of landslides in over-consolidated clays and flysch     

Matjaž Mikoš  Ana Petkovšek  Bojan Majes 《Landslides》2009,6(4):367-371

In this report, we present the situation in Slovenia, Europe with regard to natural hazards, emphasizing land-sliding problems. Furthermore, we shortly present the University of Ljubljana and the Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering as the new member of the ICL that was selected to be the World Center of Excellence on Landslide Risk Reduction for the period of 2008–2013 with the project entitled “Mechanisms of landslides in over-consolidated clays and flysch” in the Activity scale and targeted region as “National.” Some preliminary results of this project are shortly presented at the end.  相似文献   

Stepwise selection of functional covariates in forecasting peak levels of olive pollen     

Manuel Escabias  Mariano J. Valderrama  Ana M. Aguilera  M. Elena Santofimia  M. Carmen Aguilera-Morillo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(2):367-376

High levels of airborne olive pollen represent a problem for a large proportion of the population because of the many allergies it causes. Many attempts have been made to forecast the concentration of airborne olive pollen, using methods such as time series, linear regression, neural networks, a combination of fuzzy systems and neural networks, and functional models. This paper presents a functional logistic regression model used to study the relationship between olive pollen concentration and different climatic factors, and on this basis to predict the probability of high (and possibly extreme) levels of airborne pollen, selecting the best subset of functional climatic variables by means of a stepwise method based on the conditional likelihood ratio test.  相似文献   

A high-resolution modeling study of the Western Iberian Margin mean and seasonal upper ocean circulation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rita Nolasco  Ana Cordeiro Pires  Nuno Cordeiro  Bernard Le Cann  Jesus Dubert 《Ocean Dynamics》2013,63(9-10):1041-1062

The mean seasonal hydrography and circulation of the Western Iberian Margin (WIM) are studied by means of a high-resolution configuration of the Regional Oceanic Modeling System. A comparison of 5-year model averages for January and July with climatological datasets shows a general good agreement in the reproduction of the mean water mass properties and hydrographic distribution. We find that there is a prevailing tendency for slope poleward flow at about 80–100 km offshore at all latitudes from the surface to 1,500 m with strong vertical coupling. This northward flow, which is mainly along slope and amounts up to 8–10 cm s^?1, exhibits several mean flow recirculation regions on its way and evidences of an offshore pathway of poleward flow. Transports at different zonal sections further confirm the poleward flow tendency with two peaks of poleward transport in summer (3–10 Sv) and winter (2–7 Sv). The transport time series emphasize the seasonal character of the alongshore circulation and the interannual intrinsic variability of the circulation, since the forcing fields are climatological. As a conceptual essay with the purpose of assessing the Mediterranean Water flow influence on the WIM mean circulation, a second model configuration is setup, where the Mediterranean outflow into the study domain is removed. We find that there is an attenuation of the mesoscale field, but the slope poleward flow intensifies and remains as a mean dynamical feature closer to the upper slope.  相似文献   

Temporal dynamics of soil water balance components in a karst range in southeastern Spain: estimation of potential recharge     

Yolanda Cantón  Luis Villagarcía  María José Moro  Penelope Serrano-Ortíz  Ana Were  Francisco Javier Alcalá 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):737-753

Abstract

This paper analyses the temporal dynamics of soil water balance components in a representative recharge area of the Sierra de Gádor (Almeria, southeastern Spain) in two hydrological years. Two approaches are used to estimate daily potential recharge (PR): Approach 1 based on deriving PR from the water balance as the difference between measurements of rainfall (P) and actual evapotranspiration (E) obtained by eddy covariance; and Approach 2 with PR obtained from the dynamic pattern of the soil moisture (θ) recorded at two depths in the site's thin soil (average 0.35 m thickess). For the hydrological year 2003/04, which was slightly drier than the 30-year average, E accounted for 64% of rainfall and occurred mainly in late spring and early summer. The PR estimated by Approach 1 was 181 ± 18 mm year^-1 (36% of rainfall), suggesting an effective groundwater recharge in the study area. In the unusually dry hydrological year 2004/05, E was about 215 mm year^-1, close to the annual rainfall input, and allowing very little (8 ± 12 mm year^-1) PR according to Approach 1. Estimation of PR based on Approach 2 resulted in PR rates lower than those found by Approach 1, because Approach 2 does not take into account the recharge that occurs through preferential flow pathways (cracks, joints and fissures) which were not monitored with the θ probes. Moreover, using Approach 2, the PR estimates differed widely depending on the time scale considered: with daily mean θ data, PR estimation was lower, especially in late spring, while θ data at 30 min resolution yielded a more reliable prediction of the fraction of total PR resulting from the downward movement of soil water by gravity.

Citation Cantón, Y., Villagarcía, L., Moro, M. J., Serrano-Ortíz, P., Were, A., Alcalá, F. J., Kowalski, A. S., Solé-Benet, A., Lázaro, R. & Domingo, F. (2010) Temporal dynamics of soil water balance components in a karst range in southeastern Spain: estimation of potential recharge. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(5), 737–753.  相似文献   

The evolution of the hydrothermal IOCG system in the Mantoverde district,northern Chile: new evidence from microthermometry and stable isotope geochemistry     

Ana?A.?RiegerEmail author  Robert?Marschik  Manuel?Díaz 《Mineralium Deposita》2012,47(4):359-369

New microthermometric data combined with stable isotope geochemistry and paragenetic relationships support a previously suggested cooling–mixing model for the iron oxide–copper–gold mineralization in the Mantoverde district. Fluid inclusions show characteristics of a CO₂-bearing aqueous NaCl ± CaCl₂ salt system. The evolution of the Mantoverde hydrothermal system is characterized by (1) an early hypersaline, high to moderate temperature fluid; (2) a moderate saline, moderate temperature fluid; and (3) a low saline, moderate to low temperature fluid. Early magnetite formation took place at median temperatures of 435.0°C, whereas hematite formed at median temperatures of 334.4°C. The main sulfide mineralization texturally post-dates the iron oxides and occurred before late-stage calcite, which developed at a median temperature of 244.8°C. Boiling occurs only locally and is of no relevance for the ore formation. The microthermometric and stable isotope data are supportive for a fluid cooling and mixing model, and suggestive for a predominantly magmatic–hydrothermal fluid component during the iron oxide and main sulfide mineralization. Thereafter, the incursion of a nonmagmatic fluid of ultimately meteoric or seawater gains more importance.  相似文献