Impact of intra-daily SST variability on ENSO characteristics in a coupled model   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sébastien Masson  Pascal Terray  Gurvan Madec  Jing-Jia Luo  Toshio Yamagata  Keiko Takahashi 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(3-4):681-707

This paper explores the impact of intra-daily Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability on the tropical large-scale climate variability and differentiates it from the response of the system to the forcing of the solar diurnal cycle. Our methodology is based on a set of numerical experiments based on a fully global coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation in which we alter (1) the frequency at which the atmosphere sees the SST variations and (2) the amplitude of the SST diurnal cycle. Our results highlight the complexity of the scale interactions existing between the intra-daily and inter-annual variability of the tropical climate system. Neglecting the SST intra-daily variability results, in our CGCM, to a systematic decrease of 15% of El Ni?o—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude. Furthermore, ENSO frequency and skewness are also significantly modified and are in better agreement with observations when SST intra-daily variability is directly taken into account in the coupling interface of our CGCM. These significant modifications of the SST interannual variability are not associated with any remarkable changes in the mean state or the seasonal variability. They can therefore not be explained by a rectification of the mean state as usually advocated in recent studies focusing on the diurnal cycle and its impact. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SST high frequency coupling is systematically associated with a strengthening of the air-sea feedbacks involved in ENSO physics: SST/sea level pressure (or Bjerknes) feedback, zonal wind/heat content (or Wyrtki) feedback, but also negative surface heat flux feedbacks. In our model, nearly all these results (excepted for SST skewness) are independent of the amplitude of the SST diurnal cycle suggesting that the systematic deterioration of the air-sea coupling by a daily exchange of SST information is cascading toward the major mode of tropical variability, i.e. ENSO.  相似文献   

Performance of a multi-RCM ensemble for South Eastern South America   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

A. F. Carril  C. G. Menéndez  A. R. C. Remedio  F. Robledo  A. S?rensson  B. Tencer  J.-P. Boulanger  M. de Castro  D. Jacob  H. Le Treut  L. Z. X. Li  O. Penalba  S. Pfeifer  M. Rusticucci  P. Salio  P. Samuelsson  E. Sanchez  P. Zaninelli 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(12):2747-2768

The ability of four regional climate models to reproduce the present-day South American climate is examined with emphasis on La Plata Basin. Models were integrated for the period 1991–2000 with initial and lateral boundary conditions from ERA-40 Reanalysis. The ensemble sea level pressure, maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation are evaluated in terms of seasonal means and extreme indices based on a percentile approach. Dispersion among the individual models and uncertainties when comparing the ensemble mean with different climatologies are also discussed. The ensemble mean is warmer than the observations in South Eastern South America (SESA), especially for minimum winter temperatures with errors increasing in magnitude towards the tails of the distributions. The ensemble mean reproduces the broad spatial pattern of precipitation, but overestimates the convective precipitation in the tropics and the orographic precipitation along the Andes and over the Brazilian Highlands, and underestimates the precipitation near the monsoon core region. The models overestimate the number of wet days and underestimate the daily intensity of rainfall for both seasons suggesting a premature triggering of convection. The skill of models to simulate the intensity of convective precipitation in summer in SESA and the variability associated with heavy precipitation events (the upper quartile daily precipitation) is far from satisfactory. Owing to the sparseness of the observing network, ensemble and observations uncertainties in seasonal means are comparable for some regions and seasons.  相似文献   

North Atlantic atmospheric circulation and surface wind in the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: uncertainty and long term downscaled variability   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. García-Bustamante  J. F. González-Rouco  J. Navarro  E. Xoplaki  P. A. Jiménez  J. P. Montávez 《Climate Dynamics》2012,38(1-2):141-160

The variability and predictability of the surface wind field at the regional scale is explored over a complex terrain region in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula by means of a downscaling technique based on Canonical Correlation Analysis. More than a decade of observations (1992–2005) allows for calibrating and validating a statistical method that elicits the main associations between the large scale atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic and Mediterranean areas and the regional wind field. In an initial step the downscaling model is designed by selecting parameter values from practise. To a large extent, the variability of the wind at monthly timescales is found to be governed by the large scale circulation modulated by the particular orographic features of the area. The sensitivity of the downscaling methodology to the selection of the model parameter values is explored, in a second step, by performing a systematic sampling of the parameters space, avoiding a heuristic selection. This provides a metric for the uncertainty associated with the various possible model configurations. The uncertainties associated with the model configuration are considerably dependent on the spatial variability of the wind. While the sampling of the parameters space in the model set up moderately impact estimations during the calibration period, the regional wind variability is very sensitive to the parameters selection at longer timescales. This fact illustrates that downscaling exercises based on a single configuration of parameters should be interpreted with extreme caution. The downscaling model is used to extend the estimations several centuries to the past using long datasets of sea level pressure, thereby illustrating the large temporal variability of the regional wind field from interannual to multicentennial timescales. The analysis does not evidence long term trends throughout the twentieth century, however anomalous episodes of high/low wind speeds are identified.  相似文献   

Strategies to mitigate aliasing of loading signals while estimating GPS frame parameters   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

Xavier?CollilieuxEmail author  Tonie?van?Dam  Jim?Ray  David?Coulot  Laurent?Métivier  Zuheir?Altamimi 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(1):1-14

Although GNSS techniques are theoretically sensitive to the Earth center of mass, it is often preferable to remove intrinsic origin and scale information from the estimated station positions since they are known to be affected by systematic errors. This is usually done by estimating the parameters of a linearized similarity transformation which relates the quasi-instantaneous frames to a long-term frame such as the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). It is well known that non-linear station motions can partially alias into these parameters. We discuss in this paper some procedures that may allow reducing these aliasing effects in the case of the GPS techniques. The options include the use of well-distributed sub-networks for the frame transformation estimation, the use of site loading corrections, a modification of the stochastic model by downweighting heights, or the joint estimation of the low degrees of the deformation field. We confirm that the standard approach consisting of estimating the transformation over the whole network is particularly harmful for the loading signals if the network is not well distributed. Downweighting the height component, using a uniform sub-network, or estimating the deformation field perform similarly in drastically reducing the amplitude of the aliasing effect. The application of these methods to reprocessed GPS terrestrial frames permits an assessment of the level of agreement between GPS and our loading model, which is found to be about 1.5 mm WRMS in height and 0.8 mm WRMS in the horizontal at the annual frequency. Aliased loading signals are not the main source of discrepancies between loading displacement models and GPS position time series.  相似文献   

工程测量中树木调查数据的自动标注     

李海生  王铁军  杨木  张大力 《北京测绘》2012,(3):60-62,66

在工程测绘中,有大量的树木需要进行测绘和树种、胸径的标注。在传统的作业方法中工作量很繁重,而且容易出错。本文阐述了如何通过外业测绘时的准备工作,利用AutoLISP的简单编程实现快速的标注,以此减少内外业的工作量。  相似文献   

风云三号卫星微波成像仪在轨性能稳定性分析     

乔木  杨虎  何嘉恺  吕利清 《遥感学报》2012,16(6):1246-1261

利用地球冷目标观测亮温的稳定性和遥感数据统计直方图方法,是评价微波成像仪等类似微波成像辐射计在轨性能稳定性的有效方法。在此基础上,本文用2011年2月—7月风云三号02星微波成像仪在轨观测的亮温数据,对微波成像仪在轨运行的性能稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:风云三号02星微波成像仪在轨性能稳定,所有通道最低亮温参考值波动范围不超过1.8K。  相似文献   

A forced response to twentieth century climate conditions of two Spanish forests inferred from widths and stable isotopes of tree rings     

Octavi Planells  Emilia Gutiérrez  Gerhard Helle  Gerhard H. Schleser 《Climatic change》2009,97(1-2):229-252

This dendroclimatological research is based on two close pine forests (Pinus sylvestris and Pinus uncinata) located at the Northern Iberian System (Spain), and three tree-ring variables (ring widths, δ ¹³C and δ ¹⁸O). The climate-tree growth system was assessed at local and regional scales using three climate datasets. Calibration of tree-ring records with climate showed a diversity of information recorded in the different variables, such as a general response to temperature and precipitation of current growing period, and an important contribution of previous year conditions understood as the use of food reserves. The analysis of the stability of climate-tree growth relationships throughout the twentieth century showed a shift of those climatic variables to which trees responded and results suggested an enhancement of reserve use on current tree growth. The results obtained in this research made clear a physiological adaptation of trees to changing climate. The results provided hints that the recent warming coupled to slight precipitation decay are forcing growth of studied trees to a higher stress status and to a higher climate-growth synchronisation. These instabilities also have implications on future dendroclimatic reconstructions performed with trees growing under changing environments.  相似文献   

Description of convective-scale numerical weather simulation use in a flight simulator within the Flysafe project     

S. Pradier-Vabre  C. Forster  W. W. M. Heesbeen  C. Pagé  S. Sénési  A. Tafferner  I. Bernard-Bouissières  O. Caumont  A. Drouin  V. Ducrocq  Y. Guillou  P. Josse 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,103(1-4):127-136

  相似文献   

Precipitation,temperature and wind in Norway: dynamical downscaling of ERA40     

I. Barstad  A. Sorteberg  F. Flatøy  M. Déqué 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(6):769-776

A novel downscaling approach of the ERA40 (ECMWF 40-years reanalysis) data set has been taken and results for comparison with observations in Norway are shown. The method applies a nudging technique in a stretched global model, focused in the Norwegian Sea (67°N, 5°W). The effective resolution is three times the one of the ERA40, equivalent to about 30 km grid spacing in the area of focus. Longer waves (<T42) in the downscaled solution are nudged towards the ERA40 solution, and thus the large-scale circulation is similar in the two data sets. The shorter waves are free to evolve, and produce high intensities of winds and precipitation. The comparison to observations incorporate numerous station data points of (1) precipitation (#357), (2) temperature (#98) and (3) wind (#10), and for the period 1961–1990, the downscaled data set shows large improvements over ERA40. The daily precipitation shows considerable reduction in bias (from 50 to 11%), and twofold reduction at the 99.9 percentile (from −59 to −29%). The daily temperature showed a bias reduction of about a degree in most areas, and relative large RMSE reduction (from 7.5 to 5.0°C except winter). The wind comparison showed a slight improvement in bias, and significant improvements in RMSE.  相似文献   

Uncertainties in European summer precipitation changes: role of large scale circulation   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Julien Boé  Laurent Terray  Christophe Cassou  Julien Najac 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(2-3):265-276

Climate models suggest that anthropogenic emissions are likely to induce an important drying during summer over most of Europe in the late 21st century. However, the amplitude of the associated decrease in precipitation strongly varies among the different climate models. In order to reduce this spread, it is first necessary to identify its causes and the associated physical mechanisms. Consequently, the focus of this paper is to better estimate the role of large scale circulation (LSC) in precipitation changes over Europe using a multi-model framework and then to characterize the LSC changes using the weather regime paradigm. We show that LSC changes directly lead to a decrease of precipitation over northwestern Europe. This circulation-driven decrease in rainfall is mainly linked to an increase (decrease) of the occurrence of positive (negative) phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation regime. LSC is also responsible for a significant part of the models spread in precipitation changes over these regions. Over southern Europe, the role of LSC changes on multi-model mean precipitation changes is generally weak. We also show that the precipitation anomalies directly induced by LSC modifications seem to be further amplified through local feedbacks.  相似文献