The optical performance of the PILOT instrument from ground end-to-end tests     

R. Misawa  J-Ph. Bernard  Y. Longval  I. Ristorcelli  P. Ade  D. Alina  Y. André  J. Aumont  L. Bautista  P. de Bernardis  O. Boulade  F. Bousqet  M. Bouzit  V. Buttice  A. Caillat  M. Chaigneau  M. Charra  B. Crane  F. Douchin  E. Doumayrou  J. P. Dubois  C. Engel  M. Griffin  G. Foenard  S. Grabarnik  P. Hargrave  A. Hughes  R. Laureijs  B. Leriche  S. Maestre  B. Maffei  C. Marty  W. Marty  S. Masi  J. Montel  L. Montier  B. Mot  J. Narbonne  F. Pajot  E. Pérot  J. Pimentao  G. Pisano  N. Ponthieu  L. Rodriguez  G. Roudil  M. Salatino  G. Savini  O. Simonella  M. Saccoccio  J. Tauber  C. Tucker 《Experimental Astronomy》2017,43(3):211-235

The Polarized Instrument for Long-wavelength Observation of the Tenuous interstellar medium (PILOT) is a balloon-borne astronomy experiment designed to study the linear polarization of thermal dust emission in two photometric bands centred at wavelengths 240 μm (1.2 THz) and 550 μm (545 GHz), with an angular resolution of a few arcminutes. Several end-to-end tests of the instrument were performed on the ground between 2012 and 2014, in order to prepare for the first scientific flight of the experiment that took place in September 2015 from Timmins, Ontario, Canada. This paper presents the results of those tests, focussing on an evaluation of the instrument’s optical performance. We quantify image quality across the extent of the focal plane, and describe the tests that we conducted to determine the focal plane geometry, the optimal focus position, and sources of internal straylight. We present estimates of the detector response, obtained using an internal calibration source, and estimates of the background intensity and background polarization.  相似文献   

Chemical defenses against generalist fish predators and fouling organisms in two invasive ahermatypic corals in the genus Tubastraea     

Bruno G. Lages  Beatriz G. Fleury  Angelo C. Pinto  Joel C. Creed 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(3):473-482

The introduction of exotic marine species has caused considerable economic and ecological damage around the world. Some of these species possess adaptations such as secondary metabolites which facilitate their successful invasion into new areas. In this study we tested two hypotheses: (i) crude extracts produced by two invasive hard corals Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea tagusensis, introduced to the southwest Atlantic, inhibit predation by generalist fish; (ii) substances found in the crude extracts of both species reduce or enhance the settlement of other organisms. In an in situ palatability bioassay the extract of T. tagusensis reduced predation by generalist fish. The extracts of both species of coral showed species‐specific effects on fouling organisms in in situ gel plate bioassays. Control and extract plates had similar total cover, although plates with extracts had significantly fewer Cladophora sp., and Lithophyllum sp. was only detected on control gels. In contrast, a hydrozoan was only found on plates with extracts and overall community ordination demonstrated clear differences in the fouling communities between treatments. These results demonstrate that both coral species have chemical substances which can bring about a negative interaction with potential fish predators and competitors such as algal and invertebrate foulers and the advantage gained could explain their success in invading new regions to the detriment of local fauna and flora.  相似文献   

Vertical deformation partitioning across a collapsing large and hot orogen     

F. A. Temporim  Ricardo Ivan Ferreirae da Trindade  Marcos Egydio-Silva  Tiago Valim Angelo  Eric Tohver  Caroline Cibele Soares  Lucas Pequeno Gouvêa  Julio Cesar Mendes  Silvia Regina Medeiros  Antônio Carlos Pedrosa-Soares  Gabriel Gomes Silva 《地学学报》2023,35(1):23-31

Featuring 3 000-km-long large and hot orogen, the Mantiqueira Province provides a rare opportunity to study the process of gravitational collapse at mid to deep crustal levels. Distinct but contemporary (~500 Ma) post-collisional intrusions show structures and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabrics related to their emplacements, recording different flow patterns. In southern deep-seated intrusions, ellipsoidal-shaped roots with gabbroic-to-hybrid cores surrounded by granitic rocks show concentric patterns of AMS fabrics that cut across the NE-trending regional foliation. In contrast, northern intrusions, exposed as the upper sections of batholith-size bodies of coarse-grained granite emplaced at the shallow to mid-crust, show general NS-trending magnetic fabrics roughly parallel to strike of the orogen and the regional foliation of host rocks. These contrasting magnetic patterns from shallow to deeper crust suggest vertical magma migration from the overthickened orogenic core to be emplaced across its thinner stretched flanks during the gravitational collapse of the orogenic edifice.  相似文献