Impact of Rainwater Harvesting on Hydrological Processes in a Fragile Watershed of South Asia     

Kaushal K. Garg  K. H. Anantha  A. Venkataradha  Sreenath Dixit  Ramesh Singh  Ragab Ragab 《Ground water》2021,59(6):839-855

Agricultural water management (AWM) interventions play an important role in ensuring sustainable food production and mitigating climate risks. This study was carried out in a watershed located in a low rainfall (400–600 mm) region of western India. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was calibrated using surface runoff, soil loss, and reservoir storage levels, between the year 2000 and 2006. The investigation indicated that the various AWM interventions increased groundwater recharge from 30 mm/year to 80 mm/year and reduced surface runoff from 250 mm/year to 100 mm/year. The intervention structures were refilled two to three times during the monsoon season depending on rainfall intensity and duration. The interventions have the advantage of building a resilient system by enhancing groundwater availability even in dry years, stimulating crop intensification and protecting the landscape from severe erosion. The results indicate that soil erosion has been reduced by more than 75% compared to the nonintervention situation. Moreover, the AWM interventions led to the cultivation of 100–150 ha of fallow land with high-value crops (horticulture, vegetables, and fodder). Household income increased by several folds compared to the nonintervention situation. The study showed about 50% reduction in downstream water availability, which could be a major concern. However, there are a number of ecosystem trade-offs such as improved base flow to the stream and reduction in soil loss that should be considered. The study is of great importance to stakeholders to decide on the optimal design for AWM interventions to achieve sustainable development goals.  相似文献   

Physical Habitat Assessment of River Denwa Using GIS Techniques     

Vipin Vyas  Ankit Kumar  Vivek Parashar  Shailendra Tomar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(1):127-139

Physical habitat of any aquatic ecosystem is an integral part upon which the biological structures of resident communities are built. Degradation of the physical habitat has serious consequences on aquatic communities and is among the leading causes of stream impairment worldwide. Therefore, a sound habitat assessment approach is necessary to assess the condition of running water and to determine if habitat degradation is responsible for any degradation in biological condition. The present study was focused on Physical Habitat Assessment of Denwa River, a sub tributary of river Narmada in central India, for generating a Habitat Suitability map. The Denwa River originates from Satpura ranges in central India and flows through entire Pachmarhi plateau supporting a diversity of habitats for aquatic flora and fauna. A survey was carried out to assess the physical characteristic of Denwa river (84 kms) from its origin to the confluence point of Tawa Denwa river. Six reaches have been identified in study area on the basis of their physiographic conditions. For Habitat Assessment measurement, Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Stream and Wadeable rivers by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 841-B-99-002) have been used. Seven parameters from this protocol have been chosen for physical characterization. GIS techniques have been used to develop a Habitat Suitability Map of the study area based on scores to illustrate its suitability to support aquatic life. The present paper discusses in detail the suitability of the different reaches of the River Denwa for supporting the aquatic biodiversity.  相似文献   

Snow Cover Area Mapping Using Synthetic Aperture Radar in Manali Watershed of Beas River in the Northwest Himalayas     

Praveen K. Thakur  Pradeep K. Garg  Shiv P. Aggarwal  Rahul D. Garg  Sneh Mani 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(4):933-945

The current study has used Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data to estimate the Snow Cover Area (SCA) in Manali watershed of Beas River in Northwest Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, India. SAR data used in this study is of Radarsat-2 (RS2) and Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT), Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR). The SAR preprocessing was done with SAR image processing tools for converting raw SAR images into calibrated geo-coded backscatter images. Maps for forest, built area, layover and shadow were created and used for masking snow cover in these areas. The backscattering ratio of wet snow to reference image threshold method with value range from ?2 to ?3 db was used to estimate wet SCA for study area. In this technique, if the threshold is too high (≥-2 db) wet SCA is overestimated and if it is too low (≤-3db), this method underestimates the SCA. The wet SCA is under/over estimated (+6 % to?8 % on average) in late spring season due to the inherent terrain and SAR imaging effects of layover/foreshortening and shadow and also due to the masking of forest areas. Overall, the SCA derived from SAR data matches well when compared with total SCA derived from cloud free optical remote sensing data products, especially during wet season.  相似文献   

Adsorption of heavy metals from multi-metal aqueous solution by sunflower plant biomass-based carbons     

M. Jain  V. K. Garg  K. Kadirvelu  M. Sillanpää 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(2):493-500

  相似文献   

Towards the understanding of the flash flood through isotope approach in Kedarnath valley in June 2013, Central Himalaya,India     

Rajeev Saran Ahluwalia  S. P. Rai  Anil K. Gupta  D. P. Dobhal  Reet Kamal Tiwari  P. K. Garg  Kapil Kesharwani 《Natural Hazards》2016,82(1):321-332

  相似文献   

Up‐scaling potential impacts on water flows from agricultural water interventions: opportunities and trade‐offs in the Osman Sagar catchment,Musi sub‐basin,India     

Kaushal K. Garg  Suhas P. Wani  Jennie Barron  Louise Karlberg  Johan Rockstrom 《水文研究》2013,27(26):3905-3921

Agricultural water management (AWM) has been shown to improve and secure yields in the tropics and has been suggested as an important way to combat poverty in the region. In this paper, we describe potential impacts on upstream and downstream flows of extensive AWM interventions, using the watershed development programme of the Osman Sagar catchment of Musi sub‐basin, Andhra Pradesh semi‐arid India, as an example. Various AWM interventions are compared with a non‐intervention state and the current state of the study area, using 31 years of data by application of the calibrated and validated ARCSWAT 2005 (Version 2.1.4a) modelling tool. Different AWM interventions contribute to improved livelihoods of upstream smallholder farmers by increasing soil moisture availability and groundwater recharge, which can subsequently be used for irrigation. The result is higher crop production and hence larger incomes. Moreover, lower flow intensities and sediment losses reduced by 30–50%, reducing the risk of flooding and sediment accumulation in the Osman Sagar drinking water reservoir. On the other hand, AWM interventions are predicted to result in reduced total water inflows to the Osman Sagar reservoir from 11% of the total annual rainfall (754 mm) recorded at present, to 8% if AWM interventions were implemented at large scale throughout the catchment. A cost–benefit analysis of AWM interventions showed that the highest net economic returns were achieved at intermediate intervention levels (only in‐situ AWM). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analyses and settlement study of a group of two,three and four partially stiffened floating granular piles     

Vaibhaw Garg  Jitendra Kumar Sharma 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2020,15(3):203-223

ABSTRACT

Use of granular pile as a ground improvement technique in case of soft soils is one of the reliable and economic options. Analysis of a partially stiffened group of granular floating piles has been numerically assessed and presented here. Partial stiffening simply means that instead of using conventional material for making the granular pile (GP) in its full length, top region is replaced partially by some suitable material, having better mechanical properties, i.e. higher deformation modulus. Various normalised parameters like settlement influence factor for top of GP, settlement interaction factor, settlement reduction factor, percentage load shared by the base and shear stress distribution along the length of the granular pile are evaluated. The settlement influence factor for top of GP is found to decrease with the increase in the values of the stiffening parameters. The interfacial shear stresses get redistributed along the length of the granular pile.  相似文献   

Protein intake regions in the backward drought/flood prone area of Mewat — A case study of Nuh Tehsil,Haryana, India     

Satya Prakash Garg Dr.  M. C. Yadav Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(1):47-50

  相似文献   

Total nitrogen in lunar soils,breccias and rocks     

P.S Goel  P.N Shukla  B.K Kothari  A.N Garg 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1975,39(10):1347-1352

The total nitrogen contents of a number of lunar samples from Apollo 16 and 17 missions are reported. Solar wind is the main source for the observed excess nitrogen in most fines. Total nitrogen in the soils is found to be proportional to the solar wind rare gases Ar³⁶ and Xe¹³². Linear correlations are also noted between the agglutinate contents of the soils and their carbon and nitrogen contents. Seventeen soils (Apollo 15, 16 and 17) have been sieved and nitrogen has been measured in various grain size fractions. An inverse correlation between the mean grain diameter and the nitrogen contents is seen, showing that a large fraction of the solar wind nitrogen is surface correlated. An apparent volume component, due to the presence of agglutinates, is found in most soils.  相似文献   

Electrical resistivity anomalies over hydrocarbon bearing structures     

V K Gaur  Sri Niwas  N R Garg 《Journal of Earth System Science》1980,89(2):239-248

The present study is aimed at working out the possible resistivity anomalies associated with hydrocarbon bearing structures. The anomaly due to a typical two-dimensional anticlinal structure filled with hydrocarbon, and overlying a basement of infinite resistivity was computed using the conformal mapping technique. A more realistic and elaborate model, which could not be simplified by conformal mapping, was studied using the finite element method. This model consisted of a two-dimensional anticlinal structure filled with oil or gas-embedded midway in a homogeneous layer which itself overlies a half-space of infinite resistivity, the electrical resistivity of the hydrocarbon bearing structure being simulated as infinite.  相似文献