A snapshot of suspended sediment and fluid mud occurrence in a mixed-energy embayment, Tijucas Bay, Brazil   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Carlos Augusto Fran ça Schettini  Dermeval Costa de Almeida  Eduardo Siegle  Ant ônio Carlos Brand ão de Alencar 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(1):47-62

Along the southern Brazilian coast, Tijucas Bay is known for its unique muddy tidal flats associated with chenier plains. Previous field observations pointed to very high suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) in the inner parts of the bay, and in the estuary of the Tijucas River, suggesting the presence of fluid mud. In this study, the occurrences of suspended sediments and fluid mud were examined during a larger-scale, high-resolution 2-day field campaign on 1–2 May 2007, encompassing survey lines spanning nearly 80 km, 75 water sampling stations for near-bottom density estimates, and ten sediment sampling stations. Wave refraction modeling provided qualitative wave energy estimates as a function of different incidence directions. The results show that SSC increases toward the inner bay near the water surface, but seaward near the bottom. This suggests that suspended sediment is supplied by the local rivers, in particular the Tijucas. Near-surface SSCs were of the order of 50 mg l⁻¹ close to the shore, but exceeded 100 mg l⁻¹ near the bottom in the deeper parts of the bay. Fluid mud thickness and location given by densimetry and echo-sounding agreed in some places, although being mostly discordant. The best agreement was observed where wave energy was high during the campaign. The discrepancy between the two methods may be an indication for the existence of fluid mud, which is recorded by one method but not the other. Agreement is considered to be an indication of fluidization, whereas disagreement indicates more consolidation. Wave modeling suggests that waves from the ENE and SE are the most effective in supplying energy to the inner bay, which may induce the liquefaction of mud deposits to form fluid mud. Nearshore mud resuspension and weak horizontal currents result in sediment-laden offshore flow, which explains the higher SSCs measured in the deeper parts of the bay, besides providing a mechanism for fine-sediment export to the inner shelf.  相似文献   

An evaluation of trace metal distribution, enrichment factors and risk in sediments of a coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

M. Ramiro Pastorinho  Trevor C. Telfer  António J. A. Nogueira  Amadeu M. V. M. Soares  James F. Ranville 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(7):2043-2052

This paper describes a sediment survey undertaken to unravel patterns of distribution and dispersion of trace metals in an Iberian Peninsula northwestern coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro). Cadmium, lead, chromium, copper and zinc were analyzed in bottom sediments. Geochemical normalization is performed and two different regression models for each metal versus aluminum are tested and compared using the respective enrichment factors (EF), an estimation of the relative importance of anthropogenic contributions to the studied sediments. Mean sediment quality guideline quotients (mSQGQ) are used to evaluate sediment quality and associated potential risk to biota with effects range low as empirical sediment quality guideline (SQG) in the basis for mSQGQ calculation. Additionally, the geoaccumulation index is calculated to compare studied sediment levels to global baseline levels. The application of SQGs revealed insufficient characterization capability, especially when contrasted to EF calculated from the regression methods. These pointed a mildly enriched system with localized ??hot spot?? areas. Therefore, it can be considered that bottom sediments in the Ria de Aveiro system are in their majority unpolluted, zinc being the only metal of concern, presenting enrichment in all four main channels. The major rivers outlets (Caster, Antu?, and Vouga) constitute point sources, thus presenting potential risk for biota. Yet, the strong tidal influence creates a damping effect by efficiently redistributing sediment bound metals.  相似文献   

On the shearing behaviour of an artificially cemented soil   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Sara Rios  António Viana da Fonseca  Béatrice Anne Baudet 《Acta Geotechnica》2014,9(2):215-226

Ground improvement by cementation is a technique widely used because of the easiness of application and relatively low cost. To date, however, there is no global understanding of the behaviour of artificially cemented soil with respect to its dosage, so that in practice methodologies still rely on previous used scenarios rather than scientific facts. This paper presents results of low-to-high-pressure triaxial tests performed on pure and cemented specimens of decomposed granite where the dosage was controlled, chosen as a function of the ratio of porosity to volumetric cement content or adjusted porosity/cement index. The behaviour of the cemented soil was analysed in terms of peak strength and failure envelopes, stress dilatancy and state boundary surfaces, on which the influence of the porosity/cement index was examined.  相似文献   

Low Luminosity BL Lacs     

S. Antón 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,285(1):257-265

There are radio sources that have prominent synchrotron cores, and in some, e.g. BL Lacs, the non-thermal emission is still prominent at infrared/optical wavelengths. We have been analysing the Spectral Energy Distributions(SEDs) of a sample of radio-loud flat-spectrum low-luminosity objects that show a remarkable distribution of optical activity: from `Seyfert-like' objects, BL Lac objects to `normal' elliptical galaxies. The aim is to investigate if there is any correlation between differences in the SED and the optical classification. The results indicate that part of the optical diversity is not intrinsic, and that it is correlated with the frequency at which the synchrotron emission begins to decline. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Evaluation of horizontal gradients in sigma‐coordinate shallow water models     

André B. Fortunato  António M. Baptista 《大气与海洋》2013,51(3):489-514

Abstract

Evaluating horizontal gradients in three‐dimensional shallow water models that use bottom‐following sigma coordinates can lead to large errors near steep bathymetry. A technique that has been proposed to minimize this problem involves computing horizontal gradients in cartesian coordinates, while treating all other terms in a sigma coordinate framework. We study this technique through both truncation error analysis and numerical experimentation, and compare it to the direct application of sigma coordinates. While the Cartesian coordinate method has better convergence properties and generally smaller truncation errors when horizontal gradients are zero, the sigma coordinate method can be more accurate in other physically relevant situations. Also, the Cartesian coordinate method introduces significant numerical diffusion of variable sign near the bottom (where physical diffusion is particularly small), thus potentially leading to instabilities. Overall, we consider the sigma coordinates to be the best approach.  相似文献   

Ground-based measurements of local cloud cover     

Abel Antônio Silva  Mariza Pereira de Souza Echer 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2013,120(3-4):201-212

Clouds are believed to reflect temporal climate changes through variations in their amounts, characteristics, and occurrence. In addition, they reflect both weather and climate in a region. In this work, a methodology to determine the local cloud cover (LCC) is proposed using sky images obtained from a ground-based instrument. Three years of sky images from an urban, tropical site were obtained and analyzed through that methodology. Monthly average LCC varied from 3 to 96 %, while seasonal average values were 68 % for summer, 54 % for spring, 46 % for fall, and 23 % for winter. LCC results show a clear seasonal dependence and a fair agreement (r ² = 0.72) with satellite data, which typically underestimate the cloud cover in relation to LCC. Our analysis also suggests the possibility of a measurable link between LCC and natural events like the El Niño Southern Oscillation.  相似文献   

Rockfall hazard and risk analysis for Monte da Lua,Sintra, Portugal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

José António de Almeida  José Carlos Kullberg 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(1):289-310

The prediction of rockfall trajectories below a rock cliff is essential in susceptibility, hazard and risk maps, particularity close to populated areas. The Monte da Lua hill area in Portugal, a tourist destination close to the historic city of Sintra (UNESCO World Heritage), is a typical granite boulder chaos landscape where from time to time rockfalls occur, the last such event having occurred on 29 January 2002. This area is therefore suitable to develop a rockfall study in order to provide hazard and risk maps a basis for mitigation measures. A preliminary investigation of the area leads to the identification of 188 potentially dangerous boulders. Detailed locations and geotechnical characteristics in terms of geometry, strength and context were sampled for each boulder. Digital elevations at 1 × 1 m resolution, known rockfall trajectory and building locations are provided in a GIS project for the study together with the spatial database of boulder characteristics. The modelling approach was conducted in two steps: (1) discrimination of the boulders in terms of static and dynamic mobility behaviour with multivariate analysis; (2) stochastic simulation of rockfall trajectories. The rockfall trajectory algorithm proposed is straightforward and is only dependent on elevation data, initial location of boulders and a friction angle. Due to the slope of the area, it assumes that rockfall is always of the rolling or sliding type. The friction angle was calibrated on the basis of the rockfall travel distance recorded on 29 January 2002 and generates simulated “realistic” trajectories. A smaller friction angle increases all simulated trajectories, leading to more “pessimistic” scenarios. The combined analysis of trajectories and potential damage to buildings and discrimination in terms of static and dynamic behaviour provides a final table in which all 188 sampled boulders are classified in one of the five risk grades.  相似文献   

SZ scaling relations in Galaxy Clusters: Results from hydrodynamical N-body simulations     

António J.C. da Silva 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,290(1-2):167-176

Observations with the SZ effect constitute a powerful new tool for investigating clusters and constraining cosmological parameters. Of particular interest is to investigate how the SZ signal correlates with other cluster properties, such as the mass, temperature and X-ray luminosities. In this presentation we quantify these relations for clusters found in hydrodynamical simulations of large scale structure and investigate their dependence on the effects of radiative cooling and pre-heating.  相似文献   

Determination of oxadiazon residues in the field treated soil with and without organic matter incorporated     

Kassio Ferreira Mendes  Marcelo Rodrigues dos Reis  Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos  Miriam Hiroko Inoue  Antônio Alberto Silva  Daniel Valadão Silva 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(3):222

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Out‐of‐plane behaviour of a full scale stone masonry façade. Part 2: shaking table tests     

Alexandre A. Costa  António Arêde  Alfredo Campos Costa  Andrea Penna  Aníbal Costa 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(14):2097-2111

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