Anisotropic deformation characteristics of soft marine clay involved the change of b-values and stress direction     

Yuke Wang  Lu Ma  Di Wu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(7):954-960

In actual engineering, soft clay foundations are in drained or partial drained conditions, it would be useful to establish reasonable constitutive relationship and provide guidance for engineering projects. A hollow cylinder apparatus is used to investigate the anisotropic deformation behavior of natural soft marine clay influenced by intermediate principal stress coefficient b and principal stress direction α. Tests were conducted by maintaining a fixed principal stress direction α relative to the vertical direction, while keeping the intermediate principal stress coefficient b constant. It was found that the anisotropic deformation behavior of natural soft clay is merely influenced by major principal stress direction α, but significantly influenced by intermediate principal stress coefficient b.  相似文献   

A method predicting the earthquake-induced landslide risk by back analyses of past landslides and its application in the region of the Wenchuan 12/5/2008 earthquake     

Baofeng Di  Constantine A. Stamatopoulos  Miranda Dandoulaki  Eleni Stavrogiannopoulou  Meng Zhang  Persefoni Bampina 《Natural Hazards》2017,85(2):903-927

The work considers critical slopes located at regions with high danger and proposes a method which approximately predicts the risk of earthquake-induced excessive movement of these slopes, in the case where relevant soil strength data along their slip surface do not exist. The method utilizes (1) simplified constitutive equations predicting soil response along slip surfaces and (2) a multi-block sliding system model, both recently proposed. It involves the following steps: (a) collect relevant topographic information and laboratory test results of past landslides at the region of interest, (b) (i) analyze the relevant laboratory tests to estimate the soil constitutive parameters and (ii) estimate the mobilized residual soil strength by back analysis of relevant past landslides, (c) select constitutive model parameters for future applications at the region based on step (b) and validate them based on analysis of the triggering of the past landslides and (d) apply the selected constitutive model parameters in critical slopes in the region under consideration to predict not only whether triggering occurs, but also the post-triggering slide deformation. The paper, after describing in detail the proposed method, applies it at the Wenchuan region, where the 12th May 2008 earthquake triggered many landslides. During the application, four ring shear test results and twelve landslides of the 12th May 2008 earthquake were considered. The application was successful and the following were observed: (i) in the back analyses, the multi-block model predicted reasonably well the final configuration of all slides, (ii) apart from two significantly larger back-estimated values of the residual soil strength, small scatter existed in the other back-estimated values and (iii) the selected model parameters were duly validated under step (c). Furthermore, as the back-estimated friction angle of most landslides was less than 18°, and the materials along the slip surface have a Liquid Limit value less than 25 %, it is inferred that some, or all of the slip surface during these slides, was sheared in an undrained manner.  相似文献   

A new hybrid procedure for the definition of seismic vulnerability in Mediterranean cross-border urban areas     

Liborio Cavaleri  Fabio Di Trapani  Marco Filippo Ferrotto 《Natural Hazards》2017,86(2):517-541

Assessment of seismic vulnerability of urban areas provides fundamental information for activities of planning and management of emergencies. The main difficulty encountered when extending vulnerability evaluations to urban contexts is the definition of a framework of assessment appropriate for the specific characteristics of the site and providing reliable results with a reasonable duration of surveys and post-processing of data. The paper proposes a new procedure merging different typologies of information recognized on the territories investigated and for this reason called “hybrid.” Knowledge of historical events influencing urban evolution and analysis of recurrent building technologies are used to evaluate the vulnerability indexes of buildings and building stocks. On the other hand, a vulnerability model is calibrated by means of experimental and numerical investigations on prototype buildings representative of the most recurrent typologies. In the final framework, the vulnerability index, calculated through simplified assessment forms, is linked to the seismic intensity expressed by the peak ground acceleration and associated with an index of damage expressing the economical loss. The procedure has been tested on the urban center of Lampedusa island (Italy) providing as the output vulnerability index maps, vulnerability curves, critical PGA maps, and estimation of the economical damage associated with different earthquake scenarios. The application of the procedure can be suitably repeated for medium-to-small urban areas, typically recurring in the Mediterranean by carrying out each time a recalibration of the vulnerability model.  相似文献   

湖南川口三角潭钨矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

彭能立  王先辉  杨俊  陈迪  罗来  罗鹏  刘天一 《矿床地质》2017,36(6):1402-1414

三角潭钨矿是产于衡阳盆地东侧的一个大型石英脉型钨矿床,矿体主要赋存在斑状黑云母二长花岗岩与围岩的内接触带上。为了查明该矿床的形成年代,作者采集了6件石英脉型钨矿中伴生的辉钼矿样品进行ReOs同位素年代学研究。结果表明,三角潭钨矿辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄(222.5±3.3)Ma~(226.9±3.2)Ma,加权平均年龄为(224.9±1.3)Ma,等时线年龄为(225.8±4.4)Ma,揭示三角潭钨矿形成于晚三叠世。三角潭钨矿成矿地质事件的厘定,为华南地区印支期成矿提供了新的有力证据。在前人研究的基础上,对华南地区已有的印支期花岗岩高精度年代学数据和矿床年代学数据进行统计,发现花岗岩成岩年龄集中于210~240 Ma,矿床成矿年龄介于211~232 Ma,矿床成矿年龄与与之密切相关的花岗岩成岩年龄基本吻合,指示华南地区存在一次区域性的、与印支期花岗岩有关的成矿作用,成矿潜力大。  相似文献   

Key Scientific Problems and Challenges of Studying Carbon Cycle Mechanism in Pacific Sector of the Arctic     

Nie Hongtao  Wang Rui  Zhao Wei  Luo Xiaofan  Qi Di  Lu Youyu  Zhang Yuanhui  Wei Hao 《地球科学进展》2017,32(10):1084-1092

Challenged by the enormous pressure to reduce the global carbon emission, it is expected that the Arctic Ocean could absorb additional atmospheric CO₂ with the retreating of sea-ice. The Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters, characterized by the highest carbon fixation in the global ocean and large carbon flux into the deep-ocean for sequestration, make substantial contributions to carbon cycling in the entire Arctic Ocean. Understanding the response mechanism of carbon cycling in this region to the rapidly changing environment is the foundation for the prediction of carbon sink in the Arctic Ocean. However, the response of carbon absorption and storage to climate change is still controversial, and the main controlling factors of the carbon cycle process remain unclear.Thus, to establish high-resolution coupled ocean-ice-carbon models can explore the influence of sea ice retreat on atmospheric CO₂ and the vertical sinking carbon fluxes in Chukchi Sea, estimate the effectiveness of growing inflow and slope upwelling on carbon sink/source patterns, discuss the response of deep-ocean carbon sequestration to the changing environment, and evaluate the effectiveness of continental shelf pump in the Chukchi Sea as well as its role in the global carbon sink. Based on the challenge for the research of the Chukchi Sea carbon cycle research with rapidly changing climate, the basic ideas of establishing Arctic Ocean carbon cycling model as well as its key scientific issues to be resolved were proposed.  相似文献   

Guidelines on the use of inverse velocity method as a tool for setting alarm thresholds and forecasting landslides and structure collapses   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

Tommaso Carlà  Emanuele Intrieri  Federico Di Traglia  Teresa Nolesini  Giovanni Gigli  Nicola Casagli 《Landslides》2017,14(2):517-534

Predicting the time of failure is a topic of major concern in the field of geological risk management. Several approaches, based on the analysis of displacement monitoring data, have been proposed in recent years to deal with the issue. Among these, the inverse velocity method surely demonstrated its effectiveness in anticipating the time of collapse of rock slopes displaying accelerating trends of deformation rate. However, inferring suitable linear trend lines and deducing reliable failure predictions from inverse velocity plots are processes that may be hampered by the noise present in the measurements; data smoothing is therefore a very important phase of inverse velocity analyses. In this study, different filters are tested on velocity time series from four case studies of geomechanical failure in order to improve, in retrospect, the reliability of failure predictions: Specifically, three major landslides and the collapse of an historical city wall in Italy have been examined. The effects of noise on the interpretation of inverse velocity graphs are also assessed. General guidelines to conveniently perform data smoothing, in relation to the specific characteristics of the acceleration phase, are deduced. Finally, with the aim of improving the practical use of the method and supporting the definition of emergency response plans, some standard procedures to automatically setup failure alarm levels are proposed. The thresholds which separate the alarm levels would be established without needing a long period of neither reference historical data nor calibration on past failure events.  相似文献   

吉林省舒兰市长安堡钼(铜)矿床成矿岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义     

张迪  鞠楠  张森  寇林林  顾玉超 《地质与资源》2017,26(3):253-259

为查明吉中地区典型斑岩型矿床矿化特征及成矿规律,对长安堡铜钼矿床地质特征和成矿岩体进行了研究.该矿床成矿岩体为黑云母二长花岗岩.岩石主量、微量及稀土元素组成特征为：高硅,全碱含量不高,富钾,Al₂O₃含量较高,TiO₂含量较低,贫Y和Yb,相对富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,而高场强元素（HFSE）、重稀土元素含量（RREE）相对较低,具负Eu异常,（La/Yb）_N值较高,2件未蚀变样品具有较低的（Rb/La）_N值,与我国东北部地区岛弧钙碱性火成岩地球化学特征基本一致.  相似文献   

Symbiotic state of Chinese land-marine economy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Qianbin Di  Shaoyu Dong 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2017,27(2):176-187

The simultaneous development of both the land and marine-based economy is required to achieve the economic development of coastal regions in China. Based on symbiosis theory, this study discusses land and marine-based economic symbiosis mechanisms and uses a logistic symbiotic function to construct a symbiotic evolution model of the land-marine economy. We conduct a division and feature analysis of the interactive model between the land and marine-based economies of 11 provinces (or cities) along the coast of China between 1996 and 2013, and discuss their economic development. The results show that, during the study period, the coordinated development model of the national land-marine economy is a parabiosis model. Fujian Province exhibits mutualism, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, and Guangdong show commensalism, while Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Shanghai display parasitism, Guangxi and Hainan exhibit an antibiosis model, while Liaoning displays a parabiosis model. The land economic development model of Jiangsu and Fujian and the marine economic development model of Guangdong are improving the quality and efficiency of the factors of production. All other provinces’ development models improve the productivity of the production factors to expand the scale of production.  相似文献   

政区多粒度时空对象建模及其Geodatabase实现     

程星华  胡迪  俞肇元  龙毅  周如财 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(9):1228-1237

全空间信息系统是将现实世界抽象为由多粒度时空对象组成的数据世界,对动态且复杂的现实世界中的各类时空实体对象进行表达、分析等。时空数据模型是时态地理信息系统（TGIS）核心,在一些特定领域上取得了较好的应用效果,对时空对象的时态信息进行了一定程度的表达,但仍旧无法完整地描述时空对象的变化以及联系。本文在分析时空数据模型的研究现状和存在问题的基础上,以全空间多粒度时空对象建模为指导思想,以北京近百年来的政区演变为例,分析了政区的基本特征,进而将政区看作是多粒度时空对象,探索了多粒度时空对象的建模方法,对政区进行了多粒度时空对象表达,并采用可视化表达的方法进行了实验验证。结果表明：多粒度时空对象建模能较好地反映政区的空间特征、属性特征和时间特征,反映其在时空上的演变过程以及便于更好地支持时空对象的查询、分析和可视化表达等。  相似文献   

Seismic retrofitting with buckling restrained braces: Application to an existing non-ductile RC framed building     

L. Di Sarno  G. Manfredi 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

This paper assesses the seismic performance of typical reinforced concrete (RC) existing framed structures designed for gravity loads only. The sample two-storey structural system exhibits high vulnerability, i.e. low lateral resistance and limited translation ductility; hence an effective strategy scheme for seismic retrofitting was deemed necessary. Such a scheme comprises buckling restrained braces (BRBs) placed along the perimeter frames of the multi-storey building. The adopted design approach assumes that the global response of the inelastic framed structure is the sum of the elastic frame (primary system) and the system comprising perimeter diagonal braces (secondary system); the latter braces absorb and dissipate a large amount of hysteretic energy under earthquake ground motions. Comprehensive nonlinear static (pushover) and dynamic (response history) analyses were carried out for both the as-built and retrofitted structures to investigate the efficiency of the adopted intervention strategy. A set of seven code-compliant natural earthquake records was selected and employed to perform inelastic response history analyses at serviceability (operational and damageability limit states, OLS and DLS) and ultimate limit states (life safety and collapse prevention limit states, LSLS and CPLS). Both global and local lateral displacements are notably reduced after the seismic retrofit of the existing system. In the as-built structure, the damage is primarily concentrated at the second floor (storey mechanism); the computed interstorey drifts are 2.43% at CPLS and 1.92% at LSLS for modal distribution of lateral forces. Conversely, for the retrofitted system, the estimated values of interstorey drifts (d/h) are halved; the maximum d/h are 0.84% at CPLS (along the Y-direction) and 0.65% at LSLS (yet along the Y-direction). The values of the global overstrength Ω vary between 2.14 and 2.54 for the retrofitted structure; similarly, the translation ductility μ_Δ-values range between 2.07 and 2.36. The response factor (R- or q-factor) is on average equal to 5.0. It is also found that, for the braced frame, under moderate-to-high magnitude earthquakes, the average period elongation is about 30%, while for the existing building the elongation is negligible (lower than 5%). The inelastic response of the existing structure is extremely limited. Conversely, BRBs are effective to enhance the ductility and energy dissipation of the sample as-built structural system. Extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses showed that more than 60% of input seismic energy is dissipated by the BRBs at ultimate limit states. The estimated maximum axial ductility of the braces is about 10; the latter value of translation ductility is compliant with BRBs available on the market. At DLS, the latter devices exhibit an elastic behaviour. It can thus be concluded that, under moderate and high magnitude earthquakes, the damage is concentrated in the added dampers and the response of the existing RC framed structure (bare frame) is chiefly elastic.  相似文献