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201.
Increase of nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere upon nitrogen addition to red mangroves sediments 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Response of nitrous oxide N20 sediment/air flux to nitrogen addition was assessed in mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) sediments. Fluxes were enhanced with both ammonium and nitrate loading. Greatest fluxes (52 micromol m(-2) h(-1)) were obtained with ammonium addition and saturation was achieved with additions of 0.9 mol m(-2). Maximum flux following ammonium addition was 2785 times greater than control plots and 4.5 times greater during low tide than with equivalent ammonium addition at high tide. Nitrate enrichment resulted in exponential growth, with maximal mean flux of 36.7 micromolm(-2) h(-1) at 1.9 molm(-2); saturation was not achieved. Differential response to ammonium and nitrate, and to tide and elevation, indicate that microbial nitrification is responsible for most of the observed gas flux. Mangrove sediments constitute an important source of global atmospheric N20 and increases in nitrogen loading will lead to significant increases in the flux of this atmospherically active gas. 相似文献
202.
Galileo Probe Atmospheric Structure Investigation (ASI) pressure and temperature sensor data acquired during the parachute descent phase have been used to derive the static stability structure of Jupiter's troposphere at pressure levels of 0.5-22 bars using three techniques. The first approach utilizes both the p-sensor and T-sensor data, but since the p-sensor's zero offset was significantly affected by the thermal anomaly in the probe, two other approaches using only T-sensor data have also been developed. By making the physically reasonable assumptions of equilibrium descent for the probe and hydrostatic balance of the atmosphere, an algorithm for deriving the background static stability from T-sensor measurements alone is developed. Regions with static stability 0.1-0.2 K km−1 are found at 0.5-1.7 bars, 3-8.5 bars, and 14-20 bars. Between these layers, regions of weaker static stability are present. Mean molecular weight gradients due to the vertical variation of water vapor abundance near the 11-bar pressure level appear to stabilize the atmosphere at this level. Oscillatory structures with vertical wavelength ∼15-30 km and amplitude ∼0.1-0.2 K are observed in the T-sensor data. For pressure <2 bars, these eddies are well above the noise level of the measurements and are consistent with the predictions of linear gravity wave theory for a wave with horizontal phase speed cx=160 m s−1 with respect to System III propagating through the static stability derived from the T-sensor data alone. They provide quantitative confirmation of the static stability derived from T-sensor data in the troposphere where p<2 bars. The observed static stability structure shows an inverse correlation with the regions of wind shear observed by the Doppler Wind Experiment: regions of highest shear in the horizontal wind appear to be associated with regions of lowest static stability. The particulate population detected by other experiments on the probe shows some correlation with the uppermost layer of static stability, suggesting enhanced solar energy deposition at these levels may play a role in producing the positive static stability. 相似文献
203.
We analyze the dynamical evolution of Jupiter-family (JF) comets and near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) with aphelion distances Q>3.5 AU, paying special attention to the problem of mixing of both populations, such that inactive comets may be disguised as NEAs. From numerical integrations for 2×106 years we find that the half lifetime (where the lifetime is defined against hyperbolic ejection or collision with the Sun or the planets) of near-Earth JF comets (perihelion distances q<1.3 AU) is about 1.5×105 years but that they spend only a small fraction of this time (∼ a few 103 years) with q<1.3 AU. From numerical integrations for 5×106 years we find that the half lifetime of NEAs in “cometary” orbits (defined as those with aphelion distances Q>4.5 AU, i.e., that approach or cross Jupiter's orbit) is 4.2×105 years, i.e., about three times longer than that for near-Earth JF comets. We also analyze the problem of decoupling JF comets from Jupiter to produce Encke-type comets. To this end we simulate the dynamical evolution of the sample of observed JF comets with the inclusion of nongravitational forces. While decoupling occurs very seldom when a purely gravitational motion is considered, the action of nongravitational forces (as strong as or greater than those acting on Encke) can produce a few Enckes. Furthermore, a few JF comets are transferred to low-eccentricity orbits entirely within the main asteroid belt (Q<4 AU and q>2 AU). The population of NEAs in cometary orbits is found to be adequately replenished with NEAs of smaller Q's diffusing outward, from which we can set an upper limit of ∼20% for the putative component of deactivated JF comets needed to maintain such a population in steady state. From this analysis, the upper limit for the average time that a JF comet in near-Earth orbit can spend as a dormant, asteroid-looking body can be estimated to be about 40% of the time spent as an active comet. More likely, JF comets in near-Earth orbits will disintegrate once (or shortly after) they end their active phases. 相似文献
204.
205.
Amanda Tosi Maria Elizabeth Zucolotto Diana Paula Andrade Othon Cabo Winter Daniela Cardozo Mourão Rafael Sfair Karen Ziegler Pablo Daniel Perez Sergio Suarez Iara Deniz Ornellas Marcelo Zurita Julio Cezar Mendes Alexander Wilhelm Kellner Wania Wolff 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(5):621-642
On August 19, 2020, at 13:18—UTC, a meteor event ended as a meteorite shower in Santa Filomena, a city in the Pernambuco State, northeast Brazil. The heliocentric orbital parameters resulting from images by cameras of the weather broadcasting system were semimajor axis a = 2.1 ± 0.1 au, eccentricity e = 0.55 ± 0.03, and inclination i = 0.15o ± 0.05. The data identified the body as an Apollo object, an Earth-crossing object with a pericenter interior to the Earth's orbit. The chemical, mineralogical, and petrological evaluations, as well as the physical analysis, followed several traditional techniques. The meteorite was identified as a H5-6 S4 W0 ordinary chondrite genomict breccia. The large amount of metal in the meteorite made a metallographic evaluation based on the opaque phases possible. The monocrystalline kamacite crystals suggest a higher petrological type and the distorted Neumann lines imply at least two different shock events. The absence of the plessite phase shows that the meteorite did not reach the highest shock levels S5 and S6. The well-defined polycrystalline taenite is indicative of petrologic types 4 and 5 due to the conserved internal tetrataenite rim at the boundaries. The presence of polycrystalline taenites and the characteristics of the Agrell Effect suggest that the Santa Filomena meteorite did not reheat above 700°C. The absence of martensite confirms reheating temperatures <800°C and a slow cooling rate. The Ni contents and sizes of the zoned taenite particles indicate a slow cooling rate ranging from 1 to 10 K Myr−1. 相似文献
206.
F. A. Temporim Ricardo Ivan Ferreirae da Trindade Marcos Egydio-Silva Tiago Valim Angelo Eric Tohver Caroline Cibele Soares Lucas Pequeno Gouvêa Julio Cesar Mendes Silvia Regina Medeiros Antônio Carlos Pedrosa-Soares Gabriel Gomes Silva 《地学学报》2023,35(1):23-31
Featuring 3 000-km-long large and hot orogen, the Mantiqueira Province provides a rare opportunity to study the process of gravitational collapse at mid to deep crustal levels. Distinct but contemporary (~500 Ma) post-collisional intrusions show structures and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabrics related to their emplacements, recording different flow patterns. In southern deep-seated intrusions, ellipsoidal-shaped roots with gabbroic-to-hybrid cores surrounded by granitic rocks show concentric patterns of AMS fabrics that cut across the NE-trending regional foliation. In contrast, northern intrusions, exposed as the upper sections of batholith-size bodies of coarse-grained granite emplaced at the shallow to mid-crust, show general NS-trending magnetic fabrics roughly parallel to strike of the orogen and the regional foliation of host rocks. These contrasting magnetic patterns from shallow to deeper crust suggest vertical magma migration from the overthickened orogenic core to be emplaced across its thinner stretched flanks during the gravitational collapse of the orogenic edifice. 相似文献