用Pb-Pb同位素方法直接测定石炭系碳酸盐岩珊瑚化石年龄   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

高劢  刘敦一  李永安 《地质论评》1996,42(1):22-29,T001

在地球化学领域中,直接解决沉积层序和早期成岩时代的定年问题长期以来被证明是具有挑战性的问题之一。用Pb-Pb同位素方法直接测定沉积碳酸盐岩的年龄是最近几年才发展起来的。本文报道了一个成功的研究新疆珊瑚年龄的例子,得到了石炭系珊瑚化石的年龄为344±7Ma,它与古生物学确定的年龄十分吻合。得到另一组年龄为334±25Ma,它的地质意义在进一步讨论中。这一结果表明,我们可以从单一珊瑚样品中得到一个精确的地层年龄,碳酸盐测年技术在建立沉积层序的绝对年代学中具有相当大的潜力。  相似文献   

Geometric and aerodynamic roughness of sea ice   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Mai  C. Wamser  C. Kottmeier 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1996,77(3-4):233-248

The aerodynamic drag of Arctic sea ice is calculated using surface data, measured by an airborne laser altimeter and a digital camera in the marginal ice zone of Fram Strait. The influence of the surface morphology on the momentum transfer under neutral thermal stratification in the atmospheric boundary layer is derived with the aid of model concepts, based on the partitioning of the surface drag into a form drag and a skin drag. The drag partitioning concept pays attention to the probability density functions of the geometric surface parameters. We found for the marginal ice zone that the form drag, caused by floe edges, can amount to 140% of the skin drag, while the effect of pressure ridges never exceeded 40%. Due to the narrow spacing of obstacles, the skin drag is significantly reduced by shadowing effects on the leeward side of floe edges. For practical purposes, the fractional sea-ice coverage can be used to parameterize the drag coefficientC _dn, related to the 10 m-wind. C _dnincreases from 1.2 · 10^-3 over open water to 2.8 · 10^-3 for 55% ice coverage and decreases to 1.5 · 10^-3 for 100% ice coverage.Aircraft turbulence measurements are used to compare the model values of C _dnwith measureents. The correlation between measured and modelled drag coefficients results in r ² = 0.91, where r is the correlation coefficient.  相似文献   

江西柘林水电站扩建工程安全监测分析     

何迈  肖本职  景峰 《岩土力学》2003,(Z1)

对江西柘林水电站扩建工程80山包施工监测布置及成果进行了介绍,并对监测成果进行了分析,安全监测在工程施工中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

两种基桩无损检测方法的比较     

潘纪顺  梁慧云  姬计法  张麦  刘志伟  吕芝全  王碧辉 《地震研究》2001,24(4):370-374

通过一个工程实例，对比了应力波反射法和地质雷达仪检测基桩的效果，阐明了地质雷达检测基桩桩身质量的独特优势。  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列   总被引：180，自引：16，他引：180  

乔秀夫  宋天锐 《地质学报》1994,68(1):16-34,T002

新建立的振动液化地震序列系碳酸盐软沉积物中的强地震事件记录，包括地震液化阶段产生的泄水脉、液化变形；液化停止后的地面下沉构造；地震引起的津浪丘状层与浊积岩等序列单元。这个序列来自大区域的野外实践总结，反映了一次强地震事件的全过程，并在理论上得到统一的解释。序列将为野外地质学家在碳酸盐层中识别事件提供对比的标准。根据振动液化地震记录，本文首次提出古郯庐带概念，并对其地质意义进行了初步讨论。  相似文献   

An off-and-towards-equilibrium strategy for vibrational control of structures     

杨润林  童迈  周锡元  闫维明  刘锡荟 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2006,5(2):195-203

Traditional control strategies have difficulty handling nonlinear behavior of structures, time variable features and parameter uncertainties of structural control systems under seismic excitation. An off-and-towardsequilibrium （OTE） strategy combined with fuzzy control is presented in this paper to overcome these difficulties. According to the OTE strategy, the control force is designed from the viewpoint of a mechanical relationship between the motions of the structure, the exciting force and the control force. The advantage of the OTE strategy is that it can be used for a variety of control systems. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, the seismic performance of a three-story shear building with an Active Tendon System （ATS） using a Fuzzy Logic Controller （FLC） is studied. The main advantage of the fuzzy controller is its inherent robustness and ability to handle any nonlinear behavior of structures. However, there are no design guidelines to set up the corresponding control rule table for a FLC. Based on the proposed strategy for the FLC, a control rule table associated with the building under study is developed, which then allows formation of a detailed algorithm. The results obtained in this study show that the proposed strategy performs slightly better than the linear quadratic regulator （LQR） strategy, while possessing several advantages over the LQR controller. Consequently, the feasibility and validity of the proposed strategy are verified.  相似文献   

低勘探程度盆地烃源岩早期预测方法研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

刘震  常迈  赵阳  李运振  沈怀磊 《地学前缘》2007,14(4):159-167

低勘探领域(深层、深水和新区)是今后油气勘探的重要方向,而有没有有效烃源岩将决定该领域是否具有勘探价值,因此烃源岩评价是低勘探领域早期评价的关键。由于少井条件下烃源岩的评价参数几乎均未知,因此,低勘探程度与烃源岩早期评价是一对矛盾。针对低勘探领域的资料条件,探讨了在层序地层框架基础上的多项烃源岩参数的早期预测及综合评价方法。主要包括4个方面,即(1)层序地层格架分析法确定主力烃源岩层段;(2)地震速度岩性分析法确定烃源岩厚度;(3)烃源岩镜质体反射率地震预测法估算烃源岩成熟度;(4)烃源岩综合评价。本方法充分利用层序地层学方法和地球物理技术,实现了低勘探程度与烃源岩早期评价之间矛盾的转化,成为低勘探领域烃源岩早期预测的一种新方法。  相似文献   

ADCN: An anisotropic density‐based clustering algorithm for discovering spatial point patterns with noise          下载免费PDF全文

Gengchen Mai  Krzysztof Janowicz  Yingjie Hu  Song Gao 《Transactions in GIS》2018,22(1):348-369

Density‐based clustering algorithms such as DBSCAN have been widely used for spatial knowledge discovery as they offer several key advantages compared with other clustering algorithms. They can discover clusters with arbitrary shapes, are robust to noise, and do not require prior knowledge (or estimation) of the number of clusters. The idea of using a scan circle centered at each point with a search radius Eps to find at least MinPts points as a criterion for deriving local density is easily understandable and sufficient for exploring isotropic spatial point patterns. However, there are many cases that cannot be adequately captured this way, particularly if they involve linear features or shapes with a continuously changing density, such as a spiral. In such cases, DBSCAN tends to either create an increasing number of small clusters or add noise points into large clusters. Therefore, in this article, we propose a novel anisotropic density‐based clustering algorithm (ADCN). To motivate our work, we introduce synthetic and real‐world cases that cannot be handled sufficiently by DBSCAN (or OPTICS). We then present our clustering algorithm and test it with a wide range of cases. We demonstrate that our algorithm can perform equally as well as DBSCAN in cases that do not benefit explicitly from an anisotropic perspective, and that it outperforms DBSCAN in cases that do. Finally, we show that our approach has the same time complexity as DBSCAN and OPTICS, namely O(n log n) when using a spatial index and O(n²) otherwise. We provide an implementation and test the runtime over multiple cases.  相似文献   

(Mis)trusting the process: how post-disaster home buyout processes can degrade public trust     

Schwaller  Nora Louise  Campbell  Leah  Nguyen  Mai Thi  Smith  Gavin 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(3):2681-2702

Natural Hazards - Federally funded housing buyout programs are the dominant method of government-supported retreat in the USA. Done correctly, buyouts can reduce pre-disaster vulnerability and...  相似文献   

南海北部深水区白云凹陷古近系烃源岩的早期预测   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

米立军  刘震  张功成  沈怀磊  常迈  郭瑞  田继先  谭卓 《沉积学报》2007,25(1):139-146

烃源岩评价是深水区油气勘探非常关键的问题,由于深水区没有井钻穿始新统,所以本研究只能根据相邻浅水区钻井和区域对比的方法,通过层序地层格架、沉积相、地震相、地震速度岩性等资料与相邻地区对比识别烃源岩,确定烃源岩的性质和分布。白云凹陷古近系地层沉积中,沉积密集段具有如下特征:(1)准层序逐步向岸推进;(2)陆源碎屑物质供应不足;(3)水体相对较深的中深湖细粒沉积发育。地震反射特征与有利烃源岩具有良好的对应关系,白云凹陷恩平组湖扩体系域和文昌组湖扩体系域发育中弱振幅、中低频率和中高连续性地震相,是有利烃源岩发育区。利用单井资料建立起一个通过孔隙度来预测烃源层有机质成熟度的预测模型,泥岩孔隙度可以较容易从地震信息中获取,从而对白云凹陷的烃源层的热演化程度进行初步评价。根据沉积相与有机相的关系,直接将沉积相转换为有机相,预测有机相类型。在白云凹陷深水烃源岩预测实践的基础上,本文总结了一套深水区烃源岩早期评价方法,包括:(1)层序格架分析法确定有利烃源岩发育的垂向位置;(2)地震反射特征分析法确定烃源岩的横向分布范围;(3)根据泥岩层速度计算烃源岩热成熟度;(4)沉积相转有机相预测有机相类型。(5)对烃源岩进行综合评价优选次洼。  相似文献