中国帕米尔地区黄土上部色度变化特征及古气候意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陈杰  杨太保  曾彪  何毅  冀琴 《沉积学报》2018,36(2):333-342

以中国境内帕米尔黄土-古土壤序列为研究对象,对剖面上部进行土壤色度指标与其他常用气候替代指标（如磁化率、碳酸盐和有机碳）对比研究后发现:在帕米尔黄土沉积期间,亮度L*很大程度上受控于颜色分量a*和b*,进而可能与影响a*、b*的物质相对含量有关。红度a*在整个黄土-古土壤剖面中变化特征明显,与磁化率呈明显的负相关关系,可能与土壤中铁氧化物的种类和含量关系密切。由于a*和b*具有较高的相关性,认为它们具有较为一致的致色物质,可能受控于相似的气候因子。色度a*、b*和亮度L*的变化表明其可以作为帕米尔地区良好的气候代用指标,结合磁化率共同反映该地区的古气候变化过程。  相似文献   

Dynamic Response to Seismic Waves at the Shallow Slope Supported by Bolts     

Jun Wang  Jie Liu  Qiao Liang  Xiangsen Ouyang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(4):1991-2001

In the soil slope supported by bolts, longitude waves instead of transverse waves, generated by earthquakes, first reach the slope surface. With the dynamic response of the P (pressure) wave along the anchorage structure, first, a theoretical study was conducted to investigate the propagation characteristics of the interference superposition, generated by the SV (shear-vertical) and the P waves. The SV wave was formed by the wave, originating from the bottom and reflected from the free surface of the slope, whereas the latter was the incident P wave, propagating in the slope. In addition, the structural measures, restraining the seismic wave, and the characteristics of the restraint effect at the free segment of the bolt were investigated. According to the wave-way difference between the incident P wave and the reflected SV wave, the minimum critical slope angle, influenced by the interference at the shallow slope, and the maximum influencing depth of the dynamic response, acting vertically to the slope surface, were obtained. The results indicate that the maximum influencing depth linearly correlated with the slope angle. Furthermore, based on the propagation characteristics of the P wave along the bolt, and the coupled relation between the wave length and the anchorage design parameters, the axial acceleration of the wave propagating along the bolt axis was obtained. Then, the theoretical length of the anti-seismic bolt, subjected to seismic waves, and the compensation force of the anchorage structure were obtained. Finally, a numerical study, based on FlAC3D, properly verified the theoretical conclusions.  相似文献   

持久、迁移性有机污染物的水污染现状、分析检测方法和去除技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘艺  于洋  金彪  张霁云  陈文文  张干 《地球化学》2021,50(3):305-316

持久、迁移性有机污染物(PMOC)具有高极性、化学性质稳定的特点,故难被土壤以及沉积物吸附.该类化学物质的环境释放可导致其在地下水以及饮用水中富集.目前,由于缺乏有效的分析技术手段,水体中大量未知的PMOC仍待进一步分析和识别.本次研究将从定义、特性和判别标准等方面系统介绍该类污染物,同时,对欧洲国家的PMOC管控现状和政策法规进行总结和归纳.此外,以全氟烷基酸为例,对比、讨论了我国和欧洲地表水和地下水中PMOC的污染现状,并针对不同种类的PMOC详细介绍了相关的分析方法和水处理技术.最后,对PMOC的未来研究趋势进行前瞻,以期为我国化学品风险管理以及饮用水资源保护提供参考依据.  相似文献   

锡同位素研究进展及其在矿床学中的应用展望     

李欢  吴经华  蒋维诚  任涛  刘飚 《地质学报》2021,95(12):3926-3936

锡同位素是一种新兴的非传统稳定同位素,其在考古学及天体化学中的运用显示出非常大的示踪潜力和价值,然而目前其在地质学(尤其是矿床学)中的研究和应用前景缺乏系统介绍.本文总结分析了世界上目前所发表的主要天然及人工样品的锡同位素数据,发现天然样品中锡同位素组成有较大差异,其中玻璃陨石最富重锡(其δ122/118 Sn值可达2.53‰),而黝锡矿(黄锡矿)最富轻锡(其δ120/116Sn值可达-1.71‰).其中,含锡矿物(如锡石和黝锡矿)中的锡同位素组成变化范围要远远大于全岩样品.地幔及地壳来源的不同岩性或地质体的全岩锡同位素组成有明显差别;锡同位素在一定条件下可以发生分馏,且分馏程度可能远远大于锡同位素的初始值差异.锡石锡同位素对成矿环境非常敏感,其形成时的流体成分、化学反应速率以及物化条件(如温度、盐度、氧逸度、pH值等)等因素均能影响其锡同位素的组成.深部流体(如岩浆来源)结晶的锡石富重锡,而浅部流体(如地层流体)的加入将使锡石富轻锡,因此锡石的锡同位素具有判别不同矿床成因类型的潜力.展望未来,锡同位素的研究有望在以下三方面取得突破:①各地球圈层锡同位素储库数据的精确测定;②矿物原位微区锡同位素的准确快速分析;③热液矿床锡同位素分馏机制的建立.聚焦岩浆-热液演化过程中含锡矿物的锡同位素组成变化,有望揭示含锡流体性质及物化环境,从成矿流体来源、演化、沉淀等角度探讨成矿过程中锡同位素分馏的控制因素及其示踪机制,建立复杂锡成矿系统中的锡同位素演化模型.系统的锡同位素研究可为深入认识多类型锡矿化的"源"、"运""储"过程提供新的思路,为判别有争议锡矿床的成因类型及成矿物质来源提供关键的锡同位素证据,进而为研究大规模锡多金属成矿作用提供全新的视角,具有重要的理论价值及现实意义.  相似文献   

Seismic Sequence in Carbonate Rocks By Vibrational Liquefaction1     

Qiao Xiufu  Song Tianrui  Gao Linzhi  Peng Yang  Li Haibing  Gao Mai  Song Biao  Zhang Qiaoda 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,7(3):243-265

Abstract On the basis of the records of strong seismic events taking place in soft carbonate sediments, a new seismic sequence system of vibrational liquefaction is established, which consists of a series of units, such as escaped structure of micrite veins and liquefied deformation formed in the period of seismic liquefaction, land subsidence structure after liquefaction, tsunamic hummocky and turbidite produced by seismic events, This sequence is a generalization and summation of field observation in vast areas, which shows the whole process of a strong seismic event and provides an unified theoretical explanation. The pattern of the seismic sequence by vibrational liquefaction provides one of correlation standards for geologists in the field to discriminate events in carbonate sequences. Based on the pattern of seismic sequence, the authors first advance a new conception of the Palaeo - Tanlu (Tancheng - Lujiang) Zone and discuss primarily its geological significations.  相似文献   

改革开放以来广东省区域差异的发展变化   总被引：46，自引：0，他引：46  

欧阳南江 《地理学报》1993,(3)

本文主要研究改革开放以来广东省区域差异发展变化的趋势及特点。在确定了研究的方法,采用的指标后,文章从三个方面,及全省区域差异的总体状况;省内各区之间的差异;省内各区内部的差异,分析了广东省1980—1990年区域差异的发展变化。研究表明自改革开放以来广东省的区域差异迅速扩大,且主要体现在珠江三角洲与全省其余各地差异的扩大;虽然在改革开放的初期三角洲内部的差异就比较明显,但1980年以来三角洲呈现出很强的均衡发展的特点;区域差异发展的特点与广东改革开放以来实行的一系列政策有明显的因果关系。最后,文章探讨了缩小广东省区域差异的措施。  相似文献   

A Preliminary Study on Dust Grains in the Stratosphere     

黄伯钧  欧阳自远 《中国地球化学学报》1990,9(2):105-114

Collected by means of a high-altitude scientific balloon and a self-made automatic sample collector,a total of 276 dust grains were selected for the study of shape,grain size and optical property.Some of the grains were examined by X-ray diffraction and electrom microprobe techniques,The stratospheric dust grains can be classified as 6 types:cosmic dusts,cosmic dusts(?),microtektite,natural pollutants,artificial pollutants and the unknown substances.The different types of dust grains have different characters and distinguishing symbols.Widespread in the space of the solar system,cosmic dusts are the initial substances of the solar system and ,to some degree,have recorded a great wealth of information on the early history of the solar system.So they have become one of the important objects in the field of cosmochemistry at present time,Since the 1960‘s,scholars of many countries have collected cosmic dusts both in the space near the earth(using rock ets,space probes and space shuttles)and in the stratosphere (using high-altitude balloons or U-2air planes).According to the shape(the scanning electron microimage),element composition(the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum)and optical properties of dust grains,the substances in the stratosphere can be classified as 5 types:cosmic dusts,alumina spheroids,terrestrial artificial pollutants,terrestrial natural pollutants and unknown substances(CDPET,1982).  相似文献   

核爆炸玻璃、撞击玻璃和玻璃陨石源岩   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

林文祝  欧阳自远 《地质科学》1991,(2):148-158

本文根据核爆炸岩石熔融玻璃的地球化学研究结果,与超速陨石撞击坑的熔岩进行比较,获得在远离热力学平衡条件下,各种玻璃和熔岩在化学成分上分布十分均匀的重要结论。岩石玻璃和熔岩是由基岩各组成岩石按一定比例混合熔融形成的。它们的主量元素和痕量元素丰度受基岩元素背景值制约。文中根据熔体和靶岩的化学成分,计算了熔岩各组成岩石的百分比。玻璃陨石是地壳岩石受撞击熔融形成的。同一撒布区的玻璃陨石化学成分相近,说明起源于同一源坑;而玻璃陨石化学成分的不同,则说明母岩组成分量的差异。因此,文中通过模拟计算,得出各玻璃陨石的组成源岩。澳大利亚撒布区的玻璃陨石,Al₂O₃,K₂O 和Na₂O 与 SiO₂及 K₂O/Na₂O 比值不完全相同,说明澳大利亚撒布区存在着几个不同的源岩和源坑,至少有印支、爪哇、菲律宾和澳大利亚四个相应撞击坑。  相似文献   

云南东部震旦系—寒武系界线地层的相变与横向对比          下载免费PDF全文

罗惠麟  武希彻  欧阳麟 《沉积与特提斯地质》1991,11(4):27-35

1980—1982年间,我们在研究滇东震旦系与寒武系之间界线时,曾将晚震旦世至早寒武世过渡地层渔户村组由下至上划分为旧城段、白岩哨段、小歪头山段、中谊村段及大海段,筇竹寺组分为八道湾段和玉案山段等岩石地层单元(罗惠麟等,1982)。经过近10年的实践,证明这一划分基本合理,并为云南省地矿局区调队及第一地质大队广泛采用。由于八道湾段与新疆乌鲁木齐附近的侏罗系八道湾组重名,罗惠麟等(1990)建议改称为石  相似文献   

电子探针快速自动定量矿石中矿物的方法研究     

欧阳菲  潘法忠 《岩矿测试》1991,10(4):267-270

利用电子探针、能谱仪、扫描电镜和计算机等一整套仪器,对组成矿石样品中有用矿物的含量进行定量统计。既能准确识别矿物又能精确统计各矿物在矿样中的面积百分含量(面积法)。  相似文献