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Marine mussels accumulate the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene from contaminated environments. Baseline studies in California indicate that levels of the carcinogen in mussels are at or near zero, except in areas of human activity. This finding runs counter to previous suggestions that benzo(a)pyrene is widely distributed in marine organisms. 相似文献
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The number of bacteria in sediments of a North Carolina salt marsh was determined by direct counts with epifluorescent illumination and acridine orange stain. Cell number decreased from 8.36–10.90×109 cells/cm3 of sediment at the surface to 2.19–2.58×109 cells/cm3 of sediment at a depth of 20 cm. No significant difference was found among four stations located on a transect which crossed the marsh and spanned subtidal to intertidal sediments. 相似文献
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Magmatic and hydrothermal inclusions in carbonatite of the Magnet Cove Complex,Arkansas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The carbonatite at Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA contains a great variety and abundance of magmatic and hydrothermal inclusions that provide an informative, though fragmentary, record of the original carbonatite melt and of late hydrothermal solutions which permeated the complex in postmagmatic time. These inclusions were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Primary magmatic inclusions in monticellite indicate that the original carbonatite melt contained approximately 49.7 wt% CaO, 16.7% CO2, 15.7% SiO2, 11.4% H2O, 4.4% FeO+Fe2O3, 1.1% P2O5 and 1.0% MgO. The melt was richer in SiO2 and iron oxides than the carbonatite as now exposed; this is attributed to crystal settling and relative enrichment of calcite at shallower levels. The density of the carbonatite melt as revealed by the magmatic inclusions was approximately 2.2–2.3 g/cc. Such a light melt should separate rapidly from any denser parent material and could be driven forcibly into overlying crustal rocks by buoyant forces alone. Fluid inclusions in apatite suggest that a separate (immiscible) phase composed of supercritical CO2 fluid of low density coexisted with the carbonatite magma, but the inclusion record in this mineral is inconclusive with respect to the nature of any other coexisting fluids. Maximum total pressure during CO2 entrapment was about 450 bars, suggesting depths of 1.5 km or less for apatite crystallization and supporting earlier proposals of a shallow, subvolcanic setting for the complex. Numerous secondary inclusions in the Magnet Cove calcite contain an intriguing variety of daughter minerals including some 19 alkali, alkaline earth and rare earth carbonates, sulfates and chlorides few of which are known as macroscopic phases in the complex. The exotic fluids from which the daughter minerals formed are inferred to have cooled and diluted through time by progressive mixing with local groundwaters. These fluids may be responsible for certain late veins and elemental enrichments associated with the complex. 相似文献
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A reevaluation of the entropy and Gibbs free energy of formation of Al3+(aq) yields ?308 ± 15 J/K·mol and 489.4 ± 1.4kj/mol for S0298 and respectively. The standard electrode potential for aluminum is 1.691 ± 0.005 volts. 相似文献
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